Production and application of amylases of Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus from industrial waste in acquisition of glucose

Amylases from Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus were obtained using agro-industrial wastes as substrates in submerged batch cultures. The enzymatic complex was partially characterised for use in the production of glucose syrup. Type II wheat flour proved better than cassava bagasse as sole carbon source for amylase production. The optimum fermentation condition for both microorganisms was 96 hours at 30°C and the amylase thus produced was used for starch hydrolysis. The product of the enzymatic hydrolysis indicated that the enzyme obtained was glucoamylase, only glucose as final product was attained for both microorganisms. R. oligosporus was of greater interest than R. oryzae for amylase production, taking into account enzyme activity, cultivation time, thermal stability and pH range. Glucose syrup was produced using concentrated enzyme and 100 g L-1 starch in a 4 hours reaction at 50°C. The bioprocess studied can contribute to fungus glucoamylase production and application. © 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.

Relationship between age of waste and natural electric potential generation in Sanitary Landfill

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Valor agregado aos resíduos do processamento de tilápia: aspectos tecnológicos, químicos e microestruturais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização do aporte de poluentes oriundos da atividade sucroalcooleira para a atmosfera, água, solo e sedimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Clarificação de suco de laranja core wash por processo de flotação auxiliado por enzimas pectinolíticas e agentes clarificantes

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

DNA damage and antioxidant status in medical residents occupationally exposed to waste anesthetic gases

PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases on genetic material and antioxidant status in professionals during their medical residency. METHODS:The study group consisted of 15 medical residents from Anesthesiology and Surgery areas, of both genders, mainly exposed to isoflurane and to a lesser degree to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide; the control group consisted of 15 young adults not exposed to anesthetics. Blood samples were drawn from professionals during medical residency (eight, 16 and 22 months of exposure to waste anesthetic gases). DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay, and antioxidant defense was assessed by total thiols and the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). RESULTS:When comparing the two groups, DNA damage was significantly increased at all time points evaluated in the exposed group; plasma thiols increased at 22 months of exposure and GPX was higher at 16 and 22 months of exposure. CONCLUSION:Young professionals exposed to waste anesthetic gases in operating rooms without adequate scavenging system have increased DNA damage and changes in redox status during medical residency. There is a need to minimize exposure to inhalation anesthetics and to provide better work conditions.

Reutilization of chemical waste in methodologies for analyses of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber

The disposal of chemical waste and the precision of analyses of the neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber contents were evaluated utilizing conventional (Van Soest) and alternative methods of analyses. The recovery of acetone promoted both economic and environmental gains, with a recovery rate of 84.12%. The precision of the analyses was not observed in most of the determinations with reutilization of chemical waste in all the analytical methods tested, in spite of promoting decrease in cost, time invested in the preparation of solutions and the disposal of chemical waste.

Particleboard produced with sawmill waste of different wood species

This study aimed to investigate physical performance of particleboards produced with waste from sawmills, containing different wood species, and two adhesives: urea-formaldehyde (UF) based resin and castor-oil (PU) based bi-component polyurethane resin. Panels were produced with nominal density 0.8gcm(-3); pressing temperature 110 degrees C; pressing time 10 min; specific pressure 5 MPa. Water absorption (2 and 24h); thickness swelling (2 and 24h); density; and moisture content were investigated. Results confirmed that the produced panels presented compatible physical properties in comparison with other researches referred in literature, proving the feasibility of inputs employed. Panels produced PU showed better performance than those produced with UF.

MOISTURE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PINEAPPLE PROCESSING WASTE: SHELL AND CENTRAL CYLINDER

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phosphorus reduction by sifting fish waste meal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An innovative material based on natural rubber and leather tannery waste to be applied as antistatic flooring

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of inoculum on performance of anaerobic reactors for treating municipal solid waste

The influence of bovine rumen fluid inoculum during anaerobic treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in this work. The parameters adopted for evaluation were the biostabilization constant of total volatile solids (TVs) and the biostabilization time of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) applied to the reactors. The work was realized in four anaerobic batch reactors of 20 1 capacity each, during a period of 365 days. The proportions between MSW/inoculum loaded in the reactors were Reactor A (100%/0%), Reactor B (95%/5%), Reactor C (90%/10%) and Reactor D (85%/15%). The necessary time for biostabilization of half of the applied COD was 459, 347, 302 and 234 days and the average of methane concentration in the biogas produced was 3.6%, 13.0%, 25.0% and 42.6% for Reactors A, B, C and D, respectively. The data obtained affirm that the inoculum used substantially improved the performance of the process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard bamboo waste bonded with urea formaldehyde and castor oil based adhesive

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos resíduos sólidos gerados no Restaurante Universitário da UNESP de Rio Claro: uma análise do potencial de compostagem

A consequence of population growth is the increased generation of solid waste, which requires environmentally and economically viable suitable disposal sites. The scarcity of such sites makes necessary to adopt non-generation measures, reduction, reuse , recycling and treatment of solid waste before final disposal of waste. This paper presents the quantification and qualification of organic waste generated in each sector of the University Restaurant (UR) , by proposing indicators of waste generation per meal (index of waste) . Then, from the characterization of the waste management practices adopted internally, evaluates the potential deployment of the composting process for organic waste, with signaling for opportunities to improve waste management. The diagnosis of waste generation was made based on data collected during the period of 10 days. The waste were classified into 3 groups (organic, recyclable and waste) in each sector of the restaurant ( pre preparation , kitchen and tray return) . The results reveal that 33 % of the waste generated in the UR currently has the potential to be composted in a suitable place on campus. Every meal served generat approximately 124g of waste, of which 35g are organic waste of the pre preparation sector, 49g are remnants of food in the tray’s return and 40g are other kinds of waste, including recyclable and non recyclable. You can still get a higher percentage of compostable if the trays pre-wash is not performed with detergent and water. To minimize the generation of waste trays can be replaced by plates and skimmers and ladles can be replaced by smaller ones. The food exposed in the counter but not consumed, can be distributed to students after the restaurant is closed so this material would not be disposed in the garbage