A pós-graduação em educação no Brasil: alguns aspectos à luz de estudos realizados na área

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados obtidos com parte das atividades de pesquisa desenvolvidas em estágio pós-doutoral sobre a pós-graduação stricto sensu e a pesquisa educacional no Brasil. Para tanto, foi possível reunir uma vasta quantidade de estudos publicados, sobretudo no formato de artigo, em periódicos considerados de relevância para a área da educação. Nesses artigos, a opção foi pinçarmos alguns aspectos que julgamos capazes de proporcionar uma leitura sobre a pós-graduação em educação no Brasil, à luz dos estudos realizados na área. em considerações finais, destacamos, entre outros identificados nos estudos selecionados, aspectos que lembram aos integrantes das comissões que normatizam e avaliam o trabalho e a produção acadêmico-científico nos programas de pós-graduação em educação no Brasil de que ela é parte integrante de um projeto educacional geral do país e que, portanto, possui papel sócio-educativo de formação do pesquisador, do professor do ensino superior e de produção de conhecimento capaz de propor novas perspectivas para a nossa universidade e para os problemas educacionais brasileiros.

Biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on melon (Cucumis melo L.)

A mosca-minadora Liriomyza sativae Blanchard é uma praga importante em cultivos de meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) no Brasil. No entanto, as suas informações sobre biologia, em meloeiro, são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer alguns aspectos biológicos dessa praga, criada em plantas de meloeiro, em condições de laboratório a 25°C. As informações obtidas mostram que o ciclo biológico de L. sativae é de 15,9±0,04 dias (ovo-adulto), sendo: ovo (2,7±0,01 dias), larva (4,1±0,03 dias) e pupa (9,1±0,03 dias). A razão sexual é de 0,51 e as fêmeas vivem mais tempo (19,3±1,09 dias) que os machos (16,2±0,96 dias). Essas informações podem auxiliar na adoção de medidas de manejo integrado de L. sativae em cultivos de meloeiro e melhorar os sistemas de criação da mosca minadora em laboratório.

CURRENT ASPECTS OF FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

Brazil has become a great producer of bioethanol using sugarcane as the basic raw material. Fed-batch process and continuous process are used. Biogas generation from vinasse, production of dry yeast, and autolyzed bagasse for animal feed are making the ethanol production less polluting and more profitable. Bagasse surplus has also been converted into electrical energy. Another alternative use for bioethanol is its conversion to petrochemical derivatives. Up to the present, however, this conversion has been carried out on only a small scale by the industry.

Impact of the training program on lipid profile and cardiac health

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training programs on serum lipid profile and myocardial oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats (2 mo-old) were divided into three groups (n=8): sedentary (S), loadless trained (T) and trained-overload 2% body weight (TL). T and TL were trained through swimming for 9 weeks. T and TL rats had increased myocardial lipoperoxide (TBA) and lipid hydroperoxide (HP), whereas HP was higher in TL than in T animals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were lowest in TL. Myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in TL than in T and S rats. TL decreased HDL-cholesterol and increased LDL-cholesterol. The serum lactate dehydrogenase and TBA were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in TL rats. Loadless training was able to improve HDL-cholesterol and to reduce LDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, the loadless training program induced beneficial effects on lipid profile, while overload training induced dyslipidemic profile that was associated with serum oxidative stress. The overload training program was deleterious relative to loadless training program, increasing myocardial oxidative stress.

Anatomical aspects of the lacrimal gland of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella)

In the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) the main lacrimal gland is composed of 2 distinct portions with an intraorbital and extraorbital localisation, interconnected by a bridge of glandular tissue which crosses the lateral orbital wall through the lateral orbital fissure located in the sphenozygomatic suture. The intraorbital lacrimal gland is flattened and extremely thin, with a variable outline. It lies on the upper and outer third of the globe of the eye, and the aponeurosis and the belly of the lateral rectus muscle, extending antero-posteriorly from the upper lateral angle of the orbit midway along the orbital cavity. The extraorbital lacrimal gland is compact, halfmoon-shaped, with 3 surfaces, 3 borders and 2 extremities. It lies in the temporal fossa between the temporalis muscle and the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone, fitting into a depression in this bone, and totally surrounded by adipose tissue. The secretory cells have a flocculent appearance and either low or high density. They possess a basal region containing the nucleus and rich in granular endoplasmic reticulum, and an apical region filled with secretory granules varying in size, form and density.

Ultrastructural aspects of acid phosphatase activity in Malpighian tubules of Triatoma infestans Klug

Acid phosphatase activity was investigated ultrastructurally in Malpighian tubules of Triatoma infestans. Enzyme activity was demonstrated in laminated 'concretions' (distal cells) and in typical lysosomes, as well as in basal plasmalemma infoldings and basement membranes (especially in distal cells). This activity was assumed to be related to the excretory functions carried out mostly by the distal cells. Heterochromatin-nucleolus functional relationships involving RNA transcription may promote the nuclear reaction verified in the proximal cells and in some distal cells. A lead phosphate precipitate appeared free in the cytoplasm encircling the nuclei and was assumed to be a contamination from the nuclear precipitates.

Blaming the victim: Aspects of the Brazilian case

This report describes the consequences and some aspects of the origin and development of victim blaming in accident analysis, and some methods for investigating such events, with particular emphasis on the situation in Brazil. In Brazil, the spread of this practice seems to have been helped by several factors. (1) the idea that occupational accidents are simple phenomena with a limited number of causal factors linked to unsafe actions and/or conditions. In the past, the theory of accident proneness had less influence than in other countries. (2) Government regulations that stipulate the hiring of health and safety officers, production of educational material, and preventive campaigns that emphasize the role of the victim's faulty behavior in the origin of an accident. (3) Mandatory implementation of standardized models for accident investigation directed toward searching for a single cause. Usually one conclusion, expressed in terms of unsafe acts or conditions, is formulated so that whoever performs an unsafe act is responsible for the accident. (4) Lack of knowledge, as shown in Brazilian publications on occupational accidents and in the evolution of studies on the nature of accident phenomena and of strategies adopted for their prevention.

Experimental and theoretical aspects of the stabilization of zirconia.

Using the Rietveld method, phases of ceria-doped zirconia, calcined at temperatures of 600 and 900 degrees C, were quantitatively analysed for different concentrations of ceria. The results show that the stabilization of zirconia depends on the dopant concentration and calcination temperature. Moreover, the theoretical calculation using the ab initio Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method indicates that the most stable phases for ceria-stabilized zirconia are cubic or tetragonal, in accordance with experimental results. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Anatomical aspects of the masticatory muscles of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella)

The description of the macroscopic structure of the masticatory muscles is based upon the dissection of 26 adult and juvenile tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) of both sexes. A detailed description of the temporal, masseter and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles on each side of the head is given. Not only the general shape, origin and insertion are described, but also the architectonic organization, i.e. the stratiform disposition of the muscle parts. Anatomical variations in each sex or age appear to be few and unimportant. Anatomical aspects are found to be essentially similar to those found in other primates including man; however some characteristics differences do exist and deserve special comment.

Aspects of the sexual reproduction of the Brazilian arnica (Solidago chilensis Meyen var. megapotamica (D.C.) Cabrera - Asteraceae)

The species is a very popularly used plant as woundwort. Leaves, top flowers and rhizomes are used. The objective of this work is a contribution to the germination study, photoblastism and more adequate temperature for reproduction of the species. The best temperature for the germination was found to be 20°C and no seeds germinated under continuous darkness, within 14 days; therefore, the seeds are positive photoblastics. The seed germination percentage was low, in relation to the mass of the achene produced, varying from 8,2 to 20,0%. The alternated temperatures of 20° and 30°C did not influence the seed germination and the average of the weight of 100 seeds was 0,026 1 g.

Morphological aspects of the capybara stomach (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris): Gross and microscopic structure

The digestive system of the capybara has been investigated because of its coprofagia habits, important for their absorptive activity. These species present differences in terms of gastrointestinal morphological characters when compared with other rodents. Macroscopiclly, the stomach of the capybara is constituted of the following parts: cardiac, pyloric, body, fundic and gastric diverticulum. It presents two curvatures, one big and another small. Externally, the presence of gastric bands (tenias) is observed. With regards to the volumetric view, the gastric capacity varies from 850 to 2010 ml, with an average of 1498.57 ml. So, the stomach of this animal can be classified as a simple stomach, in the format of a curved sack and similar to an inverted letter 'J'. The gastric mucous membrane presents a surface filled by numerous tortuous gastric folds and longitudinally distributed along all its extension. The mucous tunic also possesses recesses located among the successive gastric folds, which were denoted as gastric parts with numerous openings described as gastric pits. In the cardiac part, a glandular epithelium with cardiac glands is noticed containing a lot of parietal and mucous neck cells. The fundic part, body and gastric diverticulum contain proper gastric glands with main, parietal and mucous neck cells. Finally, the pyloric part has pyloric glands with two cellular types, mucous neck and parietal cells.

Integration of the dispersed generators in the distribution management system

Since the 80s huge efforts have been made to utilize renewable energy sources to generate electric power. An important issue about using renewable energy sources is a Distribution Management System (DMS) in presence of dispersed generators. This paper reports some aspects of integration of the dispersed generators in the DMS. Besides, an investigation of impact of the dispersed generators on the overall performances of the distribution systems in steady state is performed. In order to observe losses in the distribution networks with dispersed generators, several loss allocation methods are applied. Results obtained from case study using IEEE test network, are presented and discussed. © 2003 IEEE.

Clinical and immunological aspects of newcastle disease vaccination in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Morphological aspects of the liver of the Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, podocnemididae)

The liver of P. expansa was characterized morphohistologically. To this end, twenty livers from clinically healthy male and female Podocnemis expansa, weighing from 2.0 to 4,5 kg, supplied by the commercial breeder Fazenda Moenda da Serra, in Araguapaz, state of Goiás, Brazil, were analyzed macro-and microscopically. The coelomatic cavity was opened and the topography of the fresh organs was examined visually. After the histological preparation, the slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Gomori Trichrome, Reticulin and Picrosirius. The liver of P. expansa is a voluminous organ with an approximately rectangular shape and brown coloration, varying from light to dark shades, and is divided into a right lobe, left lobe, and a central portion. The right lobe is the largest of the three portions. The gall bladder is located in a depression in the caudal portion of the right lobe, where the gall duct begins and empties into the duodenum. Histologically, the hepatocytes are arranged in the form of double cords surrounded by winding sinusoidal capillaries. In cross section, they resemble acini containing approximately two to five hepatocytes surrounding a probable central biliary canaliculus. The hepatocytes are polyhedral or pyramidal in shape, of uniform size, with a few central nuclei and others displaced peripherally, and the cytoplasm is little eosinophilic when analyzed by the HE staining technique. The parenchyma is supported by delicate reticular fibers surrounding hepatocytes and sinusoids. The parenchyma and perisinusoidal spaces contain large quantities of melanomacrophages, mainly close to the portal spaces.

Morphometric analysis of treatment effects of the Balters bionator in growing Class II patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of the standard (Class II) Balters bionator in growing patients with Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion by using morphometrics (thin-plate spline [TPS] analysis). Materials and Methods: Thirty-one Class II patients (17 male and 14 female) were treated with the Balters bionator (bionator group). Mean age at the start of treatment (T0) was 10.3 years, while it was 13 years at the end of treatment (T1). Mean treatment time was 2 years and 2 months. The control group consisted of 22 subjects (14 male and 8 female) with untreated Class II malocclusion. Mean age at T0 was 10.2 years, while it was 12.2 years at T1. The observation period lasted 2 years on average. TPS analysis evaluated statistical (permutation tests) differences in the craniofacial shape and size between the bionator and control groups. Results: Through TPS analysis (deformation grids) the bionator group showed significant shape changes in the mandible that could be described as a mandibular forward and downward displacement. The control group showed no statistically significant differences in the correction of Class II malocclusion. Conclusions: Bionator appliance is able to induce significant mandibular shape changes that lead to the correction of Class II dentoskeletal disharmony. © 2013 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.