Capacitação no Programa de Saúde da Família: divergências sobre o conceito de visita domiciliar nas equipes de Presidente Epitácio, São Paulo

O Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) tem por intenção - e mérito - mudar o foco da atenção à saúde centrada no médico e na cura das doenças, para uma atenção centrada na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças por meio de uma equipe multidisciplinar. Para atingir esse objetivo, tem na prática de trabalho da visita domiciliar um dos instrumentos fundamentais para o entendimento da totalidade dos condicionantes que afetam a vida do cidadão. Neste artigo, discutem-se os conceitos de visita domiciliar com que operam as três principais categorias de trabalhadores do PSF - médicos, enfermeiros e agentes comunitários - , assim como sua relação com a formação no curso básico. A metodologia se baseia na técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo a partir das entrevistas aplicadas. Concluímos que a falta de uniformidade sobre o conceito de visita domiciliar pode interferir na proposta de mudança do modelo de atenção à saúde. O artigo tece ainda considerações sobre as distintas concepções de visita domiciliar e sua relação com a organização do trabalho no interior das equipes.

Induction of apoptosis in A549 pulmonary cells by two Paracoccidioides brasiliensis samples

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

New insights into trypanosomatid U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antimycobacterial and antitumor activities of Palladium(II) complexes containing isonicotinamide (isn): X-ray structure of trans-[Pd(N-3)(2)(isn)(2)]

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Monitoring of the dissemination of Salmonella in the chicken Frankfurt-sausage production line of a sausage factory in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Poultry meat and its derivatives are among the foodstuffs considered by environmental health authorities to present the highest risks to the public. A total of 185 samples were collected in five monthly batches, from different processing stages in a sausage plant that uses mechanically-deboned chicken meat (MDCM) and tested for the presence of Salmonella. Enrichment was carried out in both Kauffman tetrathionate broth and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and isolation on Salmonella-Shigella agar and brilliant-green agar. Live Salmonella bacteria were isolated from six samples of the raw meat and from the emulsion, in batches three, four and five, but not from any sample in batches one or two. The six isolated strains were all classified as Salmonella Albany, which has not previously been reported in MDCM. of the two enrichment broths, Rappaport-Vassiliadis gave the better results. The Pattern of contamination suggests a probable common source, given that a new supplier was used in the third, fourth, and fifth months. It was also shown that the industrial cooking was effective in preventing Salmonella surviving in the final product.

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Experimental kinetics of infection induced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from stock animals

The course of in vivo infection of five isolates of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was followed for three weeks in Swiss mice. The strains were isolated from diarrheic and normal feces and mesenteric lymph nodes of healthy and sick stock animals. Four strains of serogroup O:3 and one of serogroup O:1a, with and without the virulence plasmid, were inoculated intragastrically and intravenously in the mice. Groups of five animals were sacrificed at 6 h and 3, 6, 10, 15, and 21 days after inoculation, and organs and tissues were checked for possible macroscopic alterations. Development of infection was monitored at these times by performing viable bacterial counts in homogenates of selected tissues. The animals were cheked daily for clinical alterations. The results of the study showed that strains with the virulence plasmid infected organs and tissues at various times and at varying intensity by both routes of infection, the strain of type O:1a being the most invasive. Moreover, clinical and pathological alterations occurred only in animals inoculated with bacteria carrying the virulence plasmid, regardless of the route of infection.

Rhodococcus equi isolation from sputum of patients with suspected tuberculosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from alow-endemic setting in northwestern state of Paraná in Southern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to provide information about the genetic diversity and prevalent genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a low-endemic setting in northwestern state of Paraná in Southern Brazil. We employed spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) techniques to genotype M. tuberculosisisolates from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The 93 isolates analyzed by spoligotyping were divided into 36 different patterns, 30 of which were described in the SITVIT database. Latin American and Mediterranean, Haarlem and T families were responsible for 26.9%, 17.2% and 11.8% of TB cases, respectively. From the 84 isolates analyzed by MIRU-VNTR, 58 shared a unique pattern and the remaining 26 belonged to nine clusters. The MIRU loci 40, 23, 10 and 16 were the most discriminatory. A combination of MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping resulted in 85.7% discriminatory power (Hunter-Gaston index = 0.995). Thus, combining spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing proved to be most useful for epidemiological study in this low-endemic setting in Southern Brazil. The current study demonstrated that there is significant diversity in circulating strains in the city of Maringá and the surrounding regions, with no single genotype of M. tuberculosispredominating.

Plasmid-based controls to detect rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Frequency of class I anti-HLA alloantibodies in patients infected by HIV-1

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de aloanticorpos anti-HLA classe I em pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 e relacioná-la aos diferentes cursos clínicos da doença. Amostras de sangue de 145 indivíduos HIV positivo foram coletadas em tubos com EDTA. A infecção pelo HIV-1 foi confirmada por teste ELISA e a presença de aloanticorpos anti-HLA classe I determinada em seguida. A evolução clínica foi definida como rápida (<1 ano entre diagnóstico e morte), moderada (1-3 anos) ou lenta (>3 anos). A presença de aloanticorpos anti-HLA classe I foi menor em indivíduos saudáveis em relação aos infectados pelo HIV-1 (4,2% contra 32,4%). Porém, a distribuição destes aloanticorpos entre os indivíduos infectados foi igual, independente da evolução clínica. Deste modo, a presença de aloanticorpos anti-HLA classe I não é um fator determinante na piora clínica do paciente.

Sexual distinction between 5th instar nymphs of six species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

The aim of this paper is to present the analysis of sexual morphological differences observed in 5th instar nymphs of the following species: Panstrongylus megistus; Rhodnius neglectus; Triatoma brasiliensis; T. infestans; T. matogrosensis and T. tibiamaculata. Male and female nymphs were examined and photographed with a Scanning Electron Microscope. The 9th segment dimensions of dorsal and ventral faces were determined through a Profile Projector. Results and statistical analysis showed significant differences: the 9th sternite is significantly broader in male than female nymphs, while in five species; tergites in female nymphs are broad and in male are narrow.

Trypanosoma cruzi: establishment of permeable cells for RNA processing analysis with drugs

Pre-mRNA maturation in trypanosomatids occurs through a process called trans-splicing which involves excision of introns and union of exons in two independent transcripts. For the first time, we present the standardization of Trypanosoma cruzi permeable cells (Y strain) as a model for trans-splicing study of mRNAs in trypanosomes, following by RNase protection reaction, which localizes the SL exon and intron. This trans-splicing reaction in vitro was also used to analyze the influence of NFOH-121, a nitrofurazone-derivative, on this mechanism. The results suggested that the prodrug affects the RNA processing in these parasites, but the trans-splicing reaction still occurred.