Avaliação microbiológica da superfície muscular de carcaças ovinas durante as operações de abate em matadouro

In order to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of lamb carcasses for human consumption, this study aimed at quantifying populations of indicator microorganisms, such as: mesophiles and psychrotrophs, molds and yeasts, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. and at identifying pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp.). The study was conducted in one lamb slaughterhouse located in the State of São Paulo. Swab samples were collected from muscle surface of forequarter and hindquarter regions of 30 half-carcasses after skinning, evisceration and washing processes. Population counts were between the following values in log10: 2,00 ± 0,32 and 2,59 ± 0,76 UFC/cm2 for mesophiles; 1,52 ± 0,98 and 2,35 ± 1,17 UFC/cm2 for psychrotrophs; 0,75 ± 0,87 and 1,23 ± 0,97 UFC/cm2 for molds and yeasts; 0,00 ± 0,00 and 0,31 ± 0,84 NMP/cm2 for Escherichia coli and 1,75 ± 0,71 and 1,95 ± 0,68 UFC/cm2 for Staphylococcus spp. Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. were not detected from any of the sampled points. These results indicate the necessity to improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions.

Fresh and commercially pasteurized orange juice: an analysis of the metabolism of flavonoid compounds

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin, associated with health benefits in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the uptake of flavonoids in humans after the consumption of two types of orange juice, fresh squeezed (fresh juice, FJ) and commercially extracted and pasteurized (processed juice, PJ). Preliminary measurements showed that the main flavanones in PJ were approximately three-fold higher than in FJ. This study involved healthy volunteers including 12 men and 12 women, aged 27 ± 6, with a BMI of 24 ± 3 kg/m2. Volunteers drank 11.5 mL/kg body weight of fresh orange juice, and after an interval of 30 days they drank the same quantity of pasteurized orange juice. Urine was collected from each volunteer during 24 hours following juice consumption. Urine metabolites were recovered by solid phase extraction, and measured by HPLC–ESI–MS. Analyses of the urine samples showed high concentrations of glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates of hesperetin and naringenin. The data indicate that the concentrations of the flavanone metabolites following consumption of PJ were approximately three times higher than for FJ, thus matching the relative doses of these compounds in the juices provided to the volunteers.

Hemodiálise prolongada na lesão renal aguda associada a sepse: sobrevida dos pacientes de acordo com o momento da indicação e a dose de diálise recebida

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

A utilização da tecnologia nas artes, design e engenharia, como ferramenta de vanguarda e sustentabilidade

Art can be understood as a process in which knowledge is used to perform certain skills. From Latin ARS, technical means and / or ability, in Greece, there was the word art, but "Tekne", which originated from the word "technical." So art and technique are present in sculptures, paintings, shoes or ships. In this sense, designers, engineers and all professionals who use technology can be called artists. Considerations must be made regarding the level of energy embedded in the material from its production until its use, even considering recycling, sustainability and life cycle of materials. This study aimed to present the use of scanning technology and 3D virtual modeling and its application in prototyping with CNC (Computed Numerical Control) as a tool in current use cutting-edge courses in arts, design and engineering and their relations with sustainability.

Flores carnais: Mapplethorpe e a natureza socio-política da pornografia

O artista norte-americado Robert Mapplethorpe se notabilizou pela plasticidade de seus portraits em preto e branco, mas também pelo escândalo de suas composições, nas quais corpos nus, sobretudo masculinos podiam ser vistos em atos homoeróticos e sadomasoquistas. Considerada como uma arte erótica por uns e como pornografia por outros, o fotógrafo acendeu o antigo debate pornografia versus erotismo. Considerando que tanto uns quanto outros termos, só adquirem seu sentido estético, social e político se pensados contextual e historicamente. Tomamos as fotografias de flores deste autor, para levar a cabo este debate, dialogando, para tanto, com as contribuições de Michel Foucault pelas leituras da sexualidade enquanto dispositivo. Valemo-nos, ainda dos conceitos de ars erotica e scientia sexualis tratado pelo mesmo autor, para estruturar nossas hipóteses, nas quais as flores do fotógrafo são deslocadas do terreno relativamente seguro do erotismo para serem lidas como armas de um terrorismo textual (e visual), aquele que Barthes viu como capaz de 'interveir socialmente, não fraças à sua popularidade ou seu sucesso, mas graças à 'violência que permite que o texto exceda as leis que a uma sociedade, uma ideologia, ou uma filosofia tomam para construir sua própria 'inteligibilidade histórica'''.

Características fenotípicas do nanismo em pôneis neonatos: relato de casos

Three newborn Mini-Horses and one Brazilian Pony horses were presented to the Veterinary Hospital with phenotypic appearance of dwarfism. They had relatively larger head conformation, occlusive dental defect and musculoskeletal changes such as abnormal short limbs and deformation on the third metatarsal bone. The radiographic examination showed abnormal growth plates on femoral condyle and proximal thirds metatarsal bones. Due to the high possibility of future complications and quality of life loss, the animals were euthanized. We emphasize the importance of recognition of phenotypic changes related to dwarfism in horses, enabling the phenotypic diagnosis can direct crossings for nontransmission of this abnormality as genetic inheritance.

Enterolitíaes obstrutiva em anta (Tapirus terrestris)

A Anta brasileira é um mamífero da família Tapiridae que pertence à ordem Perissodactyla, a qual também pertence às famílias Rhinocerotidae e Equidae. A manutenção de tapirídeos em criadouros e zoológicos é comum em toda a América do Sul, mas apesar desse fato, informações a respeito de sua criação, reprodução e doenças em cativeiro não estão facilmente disponíveis. O presente artigo relata a ocorrência de enterolitíase obstrutiva em um exemplar macho de dez anos de idade devido a ingestão acidental de uma corda vegetal diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da FMVZ-UNESP/Boptucatu-SP.

Carcinoma mamário em égua: acahados clínicos e histopatológicos

Uma égua da raça Quarto-de-Milha, doadora de embriões, de vinte e três anos de idade foi atendida no Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária da FMVZ – UNESP – Botucatu, apresentando uma massa ulcerada, de consistência firme, drenando secreção serosanguinolenta, medindo 15cm x 16cm x 14,8cm na mama direita. O exame citológico foi inconclusivo devido à baixa celularidade e predomínio de células inflamatórias. Foi realizada mastectomia unilateral e exame histopatológico e técnicas específicas que revelaram um carcinoma mamário túbulo-papilífero, com extensivo acometimento intralobular e intraductal, estroma abundante e infiltrado inflamatório polimorfonuclear acentuado e difuso. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar os achados clínico e histopatológicos de um caso de carcinoma mamário túbulo-papilífero em uma égua, e afirmar a importância do exame citológico e histopatológico no diagnóstico diferencial de processos inflamatórios e neoplasias.

Estado da arte do sequenciamento genômico na pecuária

There has been a lot of advance in genomics since 1975 when the possibility to determine the nucleotide sequence of a genome was described. In the 90’s the human genome sequencing was started and it was greatly favored by advances in computer technologies. In the last ten years the development of next generation sequencing technologies allowed the sequencing of millions of bases at low cost and in a shorter time compared to the previous technologies. After the conclusion of the human genome project, several initiatives to sequence the genome of domestic animal species were taken, resulting in a large amount of data that is redirecting the goals of genetic studies in domestic animals. The aim of this review was to describe the present situation of the sequencing initiatives on the main domestic animal species of economical interest as well as to list the most important tools available to access the genomic information.

Avaliação de sobrevida, alterações genitourinárias, comportamentais e de peso corpóreo no pós-operatório tardio em cadelas e gatas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob diferentes métodos de ligadura do pedículo ovariano

A contracepção cirúrgica é utilizada no controle populacional, por impedir definitivamente a reprodução e ser mais econômica em relação à eutanásia. As complicações ocorrem pela intervenção cirúrgica ou por efeitos sistêmicos da privação do estrógeno. Objetivou-se monitorar o período pós-operatório de cadelas e gatas castradas em projeto de extensão universitária, com o intuito de avaliar os benefícios e a incidência de efeitos adversos. Foram questionados por telefone os proprietários de 178 fêmeas castradas (135 caninas e 43 felinas), entre um e dois anos após a cirurgia. As questões envolviam o estado atual do animal, possível mortalidade, neste caso a causa da morte e quanto tempo após a cirurgia ocorreu, se ocorreram alterações físicas como ganho de peso, incontinência urinária e dermatite peri-vulvar e alterações comportamentais positivas, como docilidade e diminuição do comportamento de perambulação, ou negativas, como apatia, agressividade e agitação excessiva. Das 135 cadelas castradas, 12 (8,89%) apresentaram óbito, apenas um relacionado à cirurgia, 87 (64,44%) apresentaram ganho de peso após a cirurgia, uma (0,74%) apresentou incontinência urinária e quatro (2,96%) dermatite peri-vulvar. Alterações de comportamento positivas foram relatadas em 38 (28,15%) cadelas e negativas em seis (4,44%). Das 43 gatas castradas, seis (13,95%) apresentaram óbito, nenhum relacionado à cirurgia, 25 (58,14%) apresentaram ganho de peso, uma (2,32%) incontinência urinária e duas (4,65%) dermatite peri-vulvar . Alterações de comportamento positivas ocorreram em 20 fêmeas (46,51%) e alterações negativas em nenhuma fêmea (0%). Pode-se concluir que a contracepção cirúrgica apresenta boa relação custo-benefício no que diz respeito a alterações pós-operatórias de longo prazo.

Avaliação histológica e videolaparoscópica de ligaduras dos pedículos ovarianos realizados com mononáilon agulhado ou abraçadeiras auto-estáticas de náilon em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia pela técnica do gancho

A procriação excessiva de cães e gatos no ambiente urbano é um problema de saúde pública e de bem estar animal. Para se desenvolver campanhas de controle populacional necessita-se de protocolos cirúrgicos seguros, rápidos e de baixo custo. A abraçadeira auto-estática de náilon aparentemente se encaixa neste perfil. Objetivou-se avaliar por laparoscopia e histologia, a reação tecidual após a ligadura dos pedículos ovarianos com abraçadeira auto-estática ou mononáilon agulhado na ovariosalpingohisterectomia em 18 cadelas. Após 60 dias do procedimento cirúrgico não foi observada pela laparoscopia nenhuma aderência ou alteração macroscópica e a histologia dos fragmentos dos pedículos ovarianos demonstrou que a resposta tecidual não diferiu entre os métodos, revelando que a abraçadeira auto-estática pode ser usada como método de ligadura dos pedículos ovarianos de cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia.

Estudo retrospectivo de 1137 animais submetidos à acupuntura na FMVZ-Unesp-Botucatu-SP

The evidences of efficiency and the relation of cost-benefit of therapy are obtained with revisions developed from primary studies, which includes descriptive, analytical, retrospective and prospective. This is a retrospective survey from the Acupuncture Clinic from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S„o Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil from 1998 to 2009. Acupuncture efficacy, clinical evolution, the need or not of complementary therapies to acupuncture and the patient profile were evaluated in 1137 clinical charts. The main diseases presented by attended patients involve neurological and musculoskeletal problems. The majority of the patients are dogs and presents chronic diseases or low-response to usual therapies (allopathic). This prevalence is probably due to acupuncture efficacy in disc disease. The poor compliance to acupuncture treatment can be related the patient profile: animals that did not benefit from pharmacological or surgical recommended procedures. Acupuncture was the first choice for almost half (47%) of the patients.

Influência de aspectos técnicos e anatômicos nos índices de fertilidade baseado no desempenho da inseminação artificial

The aim of this work was to examine both the influence of anatomical and technical aspects on fertility rate of sheep based on the performance of transcervical artificial insemination (TCAI). Transcervical artificial insemination was performed with traction of the cervix in 122 ewes using frozen semen from 11 rams, both Santa Ines breed. The data collected were: type of external cervical opening (CO) (P - papilla; FL - flap; DB - duckbill, S - spiral; RO - rosette), duration of cervical manipulation (2-3, 4-5 and 6-7 minutes), degree of difficulty in cervical transposition (low, moderate, high) and presumed semen deposition site (SC - superficial cervical; DC - deep cervical; IU - intrauterine). The influence of these variables on pregnancy rate was evaluated. Cervical opening type and duration of cervical manipulation had no influence (p>0.05) on fertility. The degree of difficulty in cervical manipulation influenced (p<0.05) pregnancy rate, since insemination classified as low grade had 52% of pregnancy, while those classified as high recorded only 20%. The presumed site of semen deposition influenced significantly (p<0.05) fertility. Pregnancy rates of deposition at each site were: UI – 45.8%, DC – 25.7%; SC – 15.4%. As expected, deeper depositions resulted in higher fertility. In conclusion, the performance of TCAI did not depend on the anatomical classification of external cervical opening of ewe and the duration of cervical manipulation within the range tested (2-7 minutes). The TCAI may have higher fertility rates if difficulties in the application were reduced and the semen deposition was deeper.

Efeito do benzoato de estradiol na recuperação de oócitos, embriões e nos parâmetros hematológicos de cadelas recém acasaladas

We investigated estradiol benzoate effects on oocytes/embryos recovery rate and the influence of this drug on the hematopoietic system. Twenty four bitches were divided in two groups, Group I, 12 females that received a single shot of estradiol benzoate, 0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly, between 2 and 7 days after the date of the last mismating or insemination and, Group II (control), 12 bitches that received 0.2 ml/kg of oily diluent, in corresponding dates. The bitches were ovary-hysterectomized and the uterus/oviduct were isolated and flushed with a PBS, heparin and polyvinyl alcohol solution. Oocytes and embryos were quantified and classified according to their stage of development. Blood counts were performed on M1 (before drug administration), M2 (15 days after drug administration) and M3 (40 days after drug administration). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the variable retrieval structures, while Fisher exact test was used for the analysis of embryonic viability. ANOVA was used to analyze repeated measurements and Tukey test for hematological parameters. All tests were performed at 5% significance level. The recovery rate of total structures in group I was lower (22.88%) than group II (65.85%). A lower embryo recovery (ratio 3: 52) rate and a greater number of degenerated structures (ratio 11: 1) were observed in group I. Hematological parameters showed significant difference in erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations 15 days after drug administration and difference in leukocytes concentration 40 days after using the medication in bitches of group I, however, at the end of the experiment all bitches had blood counts considered normal.

Estudo epidemiológico sobre as perdas reprodutivas em bovinos leiteiros: ocorrência de neospora caninum, brucella abortus, herpesvírus bovino tipo-1 e leptospira spp. em uma propriedade do município de São Carlos-SP

The aim of this work was draw an endemic level of reproductive losses and determine positivity for four infectious agents related to reproductive problems in dairy cattle on a property in São Carlos city. Blood serum samples were collected of 142 breeding animals more than two years old, from which 21.1% showed history of abortions or stillbirths in at least one pregnancy. Immunofluorescent antibody technique, tamponated acidified antigen test, serum neutralization technique and microscopic agglutination test, were used for detection of antibody anti-Neospora caninum, anti- Brucella abortus, anti-Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 (BoHV-1) and anti-Leptospira spp , respectively. The serological tests carried out showed that 28.9% of the animals had titers greater than or equal to 100 of anti-Neospora caninum. Viral neutralization tests demonstrated that 26.8% of the animals had titers greater or equal to 256 for antibody anti-BoHV-1.Only 7.7% of the animals studied had titers equal to or greater than 100 in the microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira spp. There weren’t observed positive reactions to the tamponated acidified antigen test for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. The study suggests the presence of BoHV-1, N. caninum and Leptospira spp in contact with dairy cattle property and could be involved in the occurrence of abortions and stillbirths in cattle. Reproductive losses are endemic and implies a possible behavior of chronic infections caused by these microorganisms.