Caracterização das quedas de pacientes segundo notificação em boletins de eventos adversos

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar as quedas de pacientes internados ocorridas em hospital terciário. Foram analisados 826 Boletins de Notificação de Eventos Adversos, de um período de 30 meses, que registraram 0,30 quedas por 1000 pacientes/dia. Quedas do leito foram mais frequentes (55%), com maior prevalência na enfermaria de neurologia. Maior frequência de quedas foi verificada no período noturno (63,7%), nos primeiros cinco dias da admissão (61,7%), nos pacientes de sexo masculino (57,5%) e na faixa etária maior de 60 anos (50%). Nos casos de quedas do leito, os diagnósticos relacionaram-se a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (18,2%), doenças do sistema nervoso (18,2%) e doenças do aparelho circulatório (13,7%). Nas quedas da própria altura, os diagnósticos relacionaram-se a neoplasias (19,4%) e doenças do aparelho geniturinário (16,1%). A caracterização desses eventos adversos auxilia no reconhecimento dos grupos de maior risco e na elaboração de propostas preventivas.

Paracoccidioidomicose: freqüência, morfologia e patogênese de lesões tegumentares

FUNDAMENTOS: Paracoccidioidomicose é micose sistêmica de alta prevalência no Brasil. As lesões orocutâneas são de importância para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento clínico. OBJETIVO: Quantificar e qualificar a presença de lesões cutâneas em pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose e correlacionar com forma clínica e gravidade dos casos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo clínico observacional de série de casos, classificados segundo a forma clínica, localização topográfica e morfologia da lesão quando presente. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 152 pacientes classificados como forma crônica do adulto (87,5%) ou como forma aguda-subaguda, tipo juvenil (12,5%). Lesão cutânea foi identificada em 61,2% dos pacientes. Não houve correlação estatística entre presença de lesão e forma clínica (p=1,000) ou entre presença de lesão e gravidade clínica (p= 0,5607). Houve correlação entre presença de lesão mucosa e a forma clínica crônica do adulto (p<0,001). As lesões localizaram-se no segmento cefálico (47,6%), tronco (14,9%), membro superior (14,9%), membro inferior (21,7%) e região genital (0,7%). As lesões ulceradas (42,8%) e as de padrão infiltrativo (26,6% dos casos), foram predominantes. CONCLUS ÃO: A freqüência de lesões cutâneas e padrão morfológico são úteis ao diagnóstico da paracoccidioidomicose. É incomum a presença de lesão da mucosa oral na forma aguda-subaguda, tipo juvenil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis of external genitalia: report of six new cases and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis of dermatological interest due to the frequency of cutaneous and mucosal lesions. The involvement of the external genitalia is extremely rare and few cases have been reported.OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of external genitalia lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis patients, identify clinical characteristics and compare with what is observed in the specific literature.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with focus on paracoccidioiodomycosis patients with external genitalia lesions. The demographic and clinical aspects of cases were compared with what has been reported so far on LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE data bases.RESULTS: Data of 483 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were studied in a 42-year period. Six (1.2%) patients showed specific lesions on external genitalia. Five patients were male with mean age of 47.2 years and all of them presented with the chronic multifocal clinical form. Only one, a 15-year-old female patient was observed who showed a subacute clinical form, juvenile type.CONCLUSIONS: Compromise of the genitourinary tract among paracoccidioidomycosis patients is rare and even rarer when only the external genitalia are considered. As observed in the classical picture of paracoccidioidomycosis patients, the male gender and the chronic multifocal clinical form prevailed in the present study.

Cervical Lactobacillus and leukocyte infiltration in preterm premature rupture of membranes

Objectives: To evaluate the possible association between microorganisms present in the cervical secretions and amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and histologic chorioamnionitis. Methods: Thirty-seven pregnant women with PPROM and 21 healthy pregnant women were studied. Secretions from the cervical canal and amniotic fluid were collected to isolate microorganisms present in the genital tract. Cervical smears were Gram stained and evaluated microscopically. At delivery, chorioamniotic membranes were collected for histopathologic analysis. Results: Microscopic examination of the cervical secretion smears obtained from the PPROM group showed a low rate of Lactobacillus species, large numbers of leukocytes, and a wide diversity of microorganisms compared with the control group. The PPROM group presented an 80% rate of chorioamnionitis. Staphylococcus aureus isolation in cervical secretion was associated with intense inflammatory infiltrate in the membranes and might play a role in the pathogenesis of PPROM. Conclusions: the low colonization of cervical flora by Lactobacillus species associated with an intense leukocyte infiltrate detected in Gram-stained cervical smears can be considered a rapid method of detecting chorioamnionitis in pregnant women with PPROM. (C) 2003 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier B.V. Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mola hidatiforme completa e eclâmpsia: relato de caso

O desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia ou eclâmpsia antes da 20ª semana deve levar à suspeita de mola hidatiforme. Descrevemos um caso de mola hidatiforme completa (MHC) e eclâmpsia concomitante em paciente com 20 anos que apresentava sangramento genital, anemia, tamanho uterino excessivo e cistos de ovário, associados a hipertensão arterial e proteinúria. Os níveis de b-hCG estavam elevados e a função tiroidiana, alterada. A ultra-sonografia mostrou-se compatível com MHC. Após o esvaziamento uterino apresentou cefaléia e alterações visuais, seguidas por convulsões tônico-clônicas que cessaram com sulfato de magnésio hepta-hidratado a 50%. No seguimento pós-molar foi diagnosticado tumor trofoblástico gestacional (TTG) prontamente tratado com quimioterapia. A associação de MHC e eclâmpsia determina esvaziamento uterino imediato e seguimento pós-molar rigoroso, pelo risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de TTG.

Effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women

Objective: The objective was to analyze the effect of raloxifene oil the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women.Study design: In this non-randomized clinical trial, 80 women (mean age = 60.6 years) were prospectively studied. Forty patients received 60 mg/day of raloxifene (RG), and 40 women constituted it non-treated control group (CG), paired by age and time since menopause. The treated group consisted of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Those with a diagnosis of infection ill the lower genital tract and using hormone therapy (HT) up to 6 months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. The vaginal maturation value (VMV) was determined, and counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells were performed. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist who was blinded to patient data. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-Squared test were used in the statistical analysis.Results: The study groups were homogeneous regarding age, time since menopause, parity, HT use, smoking, and body mass index. No statistically significant differences were observed in VMV median values (RG, 39.7 and 35.7; CG, 50.0 and 50.0, respectively) or in the percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups at baseline and after 6 months (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between VMV and age, time since menopause, previous HT use, or body mass index, in either of the groups.Conclusion: Treatment with raloxifene for 6 months has no effect on the maturation of the vaginal epithelium ill postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hydatidiform Mole in Ectopic Pregnancy Clinical, Imaging, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and imaging characteristics of hydatidiform mole in ectopic pregnancy (HMEP) in all the cases admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Caracas (HUC), Central University of Venezuela.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective and comparative study, based on clinical records review of 2 groups: 10 cases with a diagnosis of HMEP and 20 cases with intrauterine hydatidiform mole (IUHM) admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of HUC from 1996 to 2010. Clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and imaging features were analyzed.RESULTS: The prevalence of HMEP in this study was 0.14:1,000 pregnancies; in this group the mean age was 28.8 years, and the mean gestational age at admission was 8.6 weeks. Both groups (HMEP and IUHM) were comparable in these last variables. Abdominal pain and genital bleeding were the most common clinical symptoms in the HMEP group, while it was vaginal bleeding in the IUHM group. Ultrasound findings were similar to those traditionally described in nonmolar ectopic pregnancy. Histology and immunohistochemistry showed that all cases of HMEP were partial mole.CONCLUSION: Although in this study the prevalence of HMEP was high, the size of the sample limits definitive conclusions. This study concludes that all cases of HMEP are partial mole. (J Reprod Med 2012;57:329-332)

Lack of Epstein-Barr virus infection in cervical carcinomas

Context.-The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous microorganism strongly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and a large number of human neoplasms, mainly undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma. The viral DNA has been detected in other tumors, such as carcinomas from tonsil, salivary glands, and thymus, and malignancies of the female genital tract. Some authors have proposed that EBV could play a role in the carcinogenesis of cervical tumors; however, other studies do not support this hypothesis.Objective.-To assess whether EBV is associated with female genital tract neoplasms.Design.-Sixty-five biopsy specimens (5 in situ carcinomas, 24 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 6 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, and 30 endocervical adenocarcinomas) were used to perform EBV detection through RNA in situ hybridization.Results.-None of the cervical carcinoma cases studied was positive for EBV infection.Conclusions.-The results suggest that it is still premature to incriminate EBV in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

Correlation of Atopobium vaginae Amount With Bacterial Vaginosis Markers

Objective. The purpose of this study was to test the correlation of the amount of Atopobium vaginae with the most commonly used markers for bacterial vaginosis (BV).Materials and Methods. We enrolled 103 nonpregnant and premenopausal women that were positive for BV by Amsel criteria and with a Nugent score higher than 3. All women were negative for yeast, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A. vaginae concentration was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from samples of vaginal rinsings with 2 mL of sterile saline.Results. There was no difference in the median values of A. vaginae concentration when comparing samples with presence or absence of each individual Amsel criterion. In the case of a higher pH cutoff value of 4.9, greater amounts of this microorganism (p = .02) were found. In addition, correlation tests showed that A. vaginae concentration is positively correlated with pH (p < .001) and with Nugent scores (p = .003).Conclusions. The quantification of A. vaginae is useful for identification of the most severe cases of BV.

Ultrasonographic monitoring of early pregnancy development in Murrah buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos macroscópicos e morfométricos dos testículos em catetos e queixadas

Aspectos macroscópicos e morfométricos dos testículos em catetos e queixadas. Este trabalho objetiva fornecer dados macroscópicos e morfométricos dos testículos dos catetos e queixadas. O material utilizado consistiu de catetos e queixadas oriundos da Fazenda Devaneio Pró-Fauna, Iguape, SP (Reg.1/3593/08480). em 33 queixadas e 20 catetos, após o abate, os testículos foram colhidos e tomados dados morfométricos como: comprimento, largura e espessura (com o auxílio de um paquímetro). Os testículos são ovalados, localizados na região pélvica, inclinados dorso-caudalmente e possuem posição intermediária. O mediastino testicular esta no centro do testículo, ligeiramente desviado para a margem epididimária deste, e termina na extremidade capitata. Os queixadas adultos possuem em média 30,92 ± 3,82 kg de peso corporal e 78,89 ± 4,77 cm de comprimento corporal, enquanto os jovens apresentam 22,93 ± 2,07 kg e 71,57 ± 3,95 cm de comprimento. Os resultados demonstram que no grupo de queixadas adultos estudado o testículo direito teve comprimento, largura e espessura médios de 5,36 ± 0,64cm; 3,64 ± 0,64cm e 3,30 ± 0,52cm respectivamente, enquanto que o esquerdo teve 5,45 ± 0,77cm; 3,68 ± 0,59cm e 3,32 ± 0,54cm. Nos queixadas jovens os valores encontrados foram de 3,20 ± 0,44cm, 2,12 ± 0,26cm e 2,11 ± 0,40cm, e de 3,23 ± 0,47cm; 2,21 ± 0,39cm e 1,99 ± 0,36cm, para a largura, comprimento e espessura dos testículos direito e esquerdo respectivamente. Já para os catetos o testículo direito teve comprimento, largura e espessura de 4,36 ± 0,38cm; 2,74 ± 0,27cm e 2,33 0,46cm respectivamente, enquanto que o esquerdo teve 4,19 ± 0,36cm; 2,68 ± 0,31cm e 2,34 ± 0,28cm. Os dados analisados não tiveram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre os valores encontrados para os testículos direito e esquerdo pelo testes de Qui-dradado.

Disseminated Transmissible Venereal Tumour Associated With Leishmaniasis in a Dog

This report addresses an atypical transmissible venereal tumour in an 8-year-old bitch that was pluriparous and seropositive for leishmaniasis. There were ascites and a serosanguineous discharge from the vulva, but no lesions on the external genital mucosa. An aspirate of the peritoneal fluid showed mononuclear round cells characteristic of transmissible venereal tumour (TVT). Exploratory laparotomy revealed light red, granulomatous structures in the peritoneum, omentum, spleen, liver and uterine horns. Cytological and histopathological tests confirmed the diagnosis of intra-abdominal TVT. Dissemination of the TVT to several organs inside the abdominal cavity probably resulted from immunosuppression caused by leishmaniasis, which favoured the presence and aggressiveness of TVT.

A histological study of the seminal vesicle of the armoured catfish Corydoras aeneus

Most species of Corydoras exhibited a reproductive behaviour called 'T-position', and exhibited an accessory gland in the male genital tract, called the seminal vesicle. It appeared that both the structure and the composition of the fluid varied considerably between the species investigated. Consequently, different opinions were proposed regarding the possible role of seminal vesicle on this particular reproductive behaviour. Male adults of Corydoras aeneus were collected, anaesthetized, and samples of seminal vesicle were fixed in Bouin's solution. The sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff. The seminal vesicle showed a system of anastomosed secretory tubules, forming a vesicular collective network, which gave rise to the vesicular ducts. The latter fused with the testicular efferent ducts and formed the spermatic ducts. Considering this fusion, when the sperm cells reached the spermatic ducts, the fluid produced at the seminal vesicle covered them. Histochemical studies evidenced the presence of neutral and acid glycosaminoglycans in the seminal fluid. Considering the reproductive behaviour of C. aeneus, it is believed that the protection associated with the immobilization of the sperm cells assures the sperm integrity during the passage through female's intestine until fertilization.