Estudo da ação do inseticida Tiametoxam na sobrevivência e no comportamento de operárias de Apis mellifera L., 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em diferentes idades

The bee Apis mellifera has a great importance because it is the most economically valuable pollinator for crops worldwide, ensuring cross-pollination and increasing fruit yield. Moreover, agriculture increasingly develops chemicals to control weeds, fungi and insect pests to ensure productivity. Insecticides are used on a large scale in the state of São Paulo, in cultures of citrus for control of greening. Applications are usually made by aircraft and as a result of the effect derives a significant mortality is observed in apiaries near the plantations. Honey bees can get in contact with such chemical agent through their activities of water harvesting, plant resins, pollen and nectar. Intoxication resulting from this exposure can be lethal, which is easily detectable, or cause effects on the physiology and behavior of the insect. These, in turn are hardly detectable, such as paralysis, disorientation, behavioral changes, but can compromise the entire social structure of the colony, therefore aimed to study the effects of the insecticide Thiamethoxam behavior of honeybees A. mellifera. Newly emerged individuals and with 10 days of age were tested. Applications of 1 μL de Thiamethoxam, diluted in acetone, were made on the dorsal thorax with a microapplicator. Preliminarily, it was observed LD50 twenty four hours after topical treatment of Thiamethoxam. It was found that the LD50 for newly emerged honeybees is 8 ng/bee and for honeybees with 10 days of age is 18 ng/bee. The behaviors were analyzed 1 hour after application of insecticide at doses corresponding to LD50/100, LD50/50, LD50/10 and LD50, besides the control group. In the test reflex proboscis extension, there was impairment of behavior at doses of 8 and 18 ng/bee workers in newly emerged workers and 10 days of age, respectively. And in locomotor behavior was no change only at a dose of 18 ng/bee workers at 10 days of age... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Otimização de um método cromatográfico de análise de pesticidas organoclorados em amostras de peixes

Considering that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including synthetic substances belonging to differents organic functions, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which are the most persistent and bioaccumulative, with high toxicity to humans and animals. Accordingly environmental and biological monitoring is necessary, in order to have greater control regarding the irresponsible use of these products. Though there are several analytical methodology reported in the literature to make determinations of this pesticide, they present some difficulties, requiring several steps to make the clean up of the sample. The proposed project aims to optimize a new analytical method that allows to perform the extraction of organochlorine pesticides in fish tissues, employing acetone as solvent assisted by ultrasound bath, making the method more quickly and not requiringfurther steps to purify the sample. Were analyzed the recoveries of pesticides in study in samples of tilapia average values: Heptachlor=84,7±9,8%; Aldrin=87,3±3,5%; Endosulfan=101,4±18,6%; DDE= 90,5± 3,3%, Endrin=102,2±13,8%., DDD=92,1±19,9%; DDT=90,8±6,8%. The real samples showed values granted for our legislation and low values of error

Efeito da adição de oxigênio na produção de glicerol quinase pela levedura recombinante de Pichia pastoris

O glicerol é um importante subproduto de processos fermentativos. Em algumas bebidas alcoólicas, como vinhos e vodcas contribuem com seu sabor tornando-a aceitável para o consumidor. Com o incentivo na produção de biocombustíveis, a disponibilidade do glicerol deve aumentar, já que é o principal subproduto gerado na produção do Biodiesel. A sua presença em alguns alimentos, pode identificar presença de microrganismos, já que pode ser uma fonte de carbono para eles. Devido às inúmeras utilizações do glicerol para diversos tipos de indústrias, a dosagem do glicerol se torna cada vez mais importante e rotineira. Isso incentiva novas pesquisas de métodos de doseamento. A enzima GK é presente em vários microrganismos e converte o glicerol em glicerol-3-fosfato. Com a utilização da enzima Glicerol -3- fofato desidrogenase, o glicerol - 3 – fosfato é convertido a di-hidroxi-acetona fosfato com a produção de NADH. Este pode ser quantificado através do espectrofotômetro, tornando-se um rápido e eficiente método para doseamento. A levedura recombinante Pichia pastoris foi escolhida pois foi inserida no seu DNA, o Gene GUT1 que expressa a GK em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Além disso, a expressão enzimática é extracelular, diminuindo etapas no processo de isolamento da enzima GK. O trabalho consistiu em otimizar a produção de GK expressa pela levedura recombinante Pichia pastoris por meio da adição de oxigênio no biorreator de fermentação em escala de 2,5 L. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam o ponto ótimo de oxigenação em fermentador nos parâmetros estabelecidos é de 2,0 lpm tanto para a produção de enzimática quanto para biomassa formada

Incorporação da apatita na superfície da liga Ti30ta empregando tratamento alcalino associado à eletrofiação de fibras de PCL

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Avaliação da influência da fermentação fúngica em estado sólido na obtenção de compostos fenólicos a partir de resíduos de café

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Efeito da fermentação fúngica no teor de compostos fenólicos em casca de café robusta

Coffee husk is an abundant by-product generated by the coffee industry and it can be used for the production of-value-added phenolic compounds. Currently, this residue has no commercial use due to the presence of anti-nutritional compounds and it is returned to the soil or burned. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds in Robusta coffee husk, the adequacy of this residue as substrate for fermentation processes, as well as evaluating the influence of fungal solid state fermentation to obtain phenolic compounds from this residue. In the present study, the use of different solvents for the extraction of polyphenols was evaluated and the content was found to be in the range of 96.9-159.5 mg of galic acid (GA).g(-1) substrate, depending on the solvent used. The best solvent was acetone, therefore it was selected for extraction. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of solid-state fermentation in the release of phenolic compounds, using the filamentous fungi Penicillium purpurogenum. The total phenolic content increased from 159.5 up to 243.2 mg GA.g(-1) substrate as a result the solid-state fermentation.

Poluentes orgânicos persistentes em ar interior: desenvolvimento de método de extração em adsorvente para amostragem ativa

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances extraordinarily toxic and persistent in the environment. Due to these properties, POPs are targets of the Stockholm Convention which aims to provide means to eliminate production and use by encouraging the reduction and, where possible, eliminating the release of these contaminants to the environment. One of the articles of this _Convention aims to assess the basal levels of such substances in the environment to monitor both the reduction of release to the environment, and to assess human exposure, using analyzes of milk and air for example. Although efforts to control POPs production and release to the environment have been made, data about their levels in Brazil are still scarce, mainly in the atmosphere or indoor environment. Considering the permanence of people inside its house, this study presents a method for POP extraction from XAD-2 sorbent employed in indoor air sampling, with identification and quantification by GC-ECD. GC-ECD linear range of the studied analytes, congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180), DDTs and their metabolites (DDDs, DDEs) and endosullan (isomers c - and 13 - and metabolite endosulfan sulfate) ranged between 0.5 and 16.0 ng mL-I with r2 > 0.967. The method developing consist of selecting the extraction solvent system by agitation (90 rpm, 1 hour) with n-hexan,e (2 mL) or n-hexane:acetone (1:1, v/v) (2 mL), concentration the extract with a gentle N2 stream, and evaluation of breakthrough with passage or air through the fortified XAD-2 cartridge before extraction, employing a low volume air suction pump (Pump Model 224 universal-PCXR8; 5-5000 mL min-1, SKC Inc., Eighty Four, PA, USA), Calibrator Dry-Cal DC-Lite (BIOS, Butler, NJ, USA)). Two fortification levels were employed, 15 and 30 ng. After selecting n-hexane as extraction solvent, with accuracy and precision ranging...

Fungos endofíticos: prospecção de atividade biocatalítica e aplicação biotecnológica

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Análise morfológica do cérebro de abelhas sem ferrão Melipona Scutellarias expostas ao Tiametoxam

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)