Determination of the maximum force due to skull impact in fights between sheep of the Ovis aries species

The present article presents a means of determining the maximum impact force between two bodies from the determination of the involved impulse in the impact and the sound emitted by the shock of the bodies during this impact.It also presents a case study applied to the shock between the skulls of male sheep of the Ovis aries species. These animals do not possess horns and dispute the territorial leadership by fighting, during which the skull is used as a weapon of attack, similar to a battering ram.Initially, a revision of basic physics approaching the theory of impulse is made, which shows that the average force during an impact can be obtained by the quantity of movement of the bodies. In its turn, the quantity of movement is obtained through the average speed of approach and the mass of the bodies. The maximum force is obtained from the average force, using the approach of the Force X Time curve with the Sonorous Intensity X Time Curve.In order to study the case of a shock between two sheep, the mass of the bodies was obtained through direct weighing and the average speed of approach obtained indirectly through filming, thus making possible the calculation of the average force. The Sonorous Intensity X Time Curve was obtained through the recording of the sound of the impact during a filmed fight, with later manipulation through computer programs. With this data the maximum force exercised between the skull of the sheep during the impact was obtained, which will be used in later studies.

Direct amorphous-to-cubic perovskite phase transformation for lead titanate

The phase evolution of lead titanate processed by the polymeric precursor method was investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the cubic perovskite PbTiO3 (PT) phase is formed from an inorganic amorphous precursor at a temperature of 444 °C. A gradual transition from cubic to tetragonal perovskite PT was observed with the increase of calcination time at this temperature. HRTEM results showed that the cubic PT particles have a size of around 5 nm. The identification of cubic PT as an intermediate phase supports the hypothesis that the chemical homogeneity was kept at the molecular level during the synthesis process, with no cation segregation.

Dynamic programming approach for road centerline extraction from digital images

This paper presents a dynamic programming approach for semi-automated road extraction from medium-and high-resolution images. This method is a modified version of a pre-existing dynamic programming method for road extraction from low-resolution images. The basic assumption of this pre-existing method is that roads manifest as lines in low-resolution images (pixel footprint> 2 m) and as such can be modeled and extracted as linear features. On the other hand, roads manifest as ribbon features in medium- and high-resolution images (pixel footprint ≤ 2 m) and, as a result, the focus of road extraction becomes the road centerlines. The original method can not accurately extract road centerlines from medium- and high- resolution images. In view of this, we propose a modification of the merit function of the original approach, which is carried out by a constraint function embedding road edge properties. Experimental results demonstrated the modified algorithm's potential in extracting road centerlines from medium- and high-resolution images.

WEDGE - ferramenta on-line de gerenciamento, análise e otimização de processos

This article summarizes the implementation of an online process management, analysis, and optimization tool at Lwarcel Celulose e Papel, within the PIMS and MES philosophy, for process indicator implementation, understanding of variables, and their cause-effect relationship in the process, as well as the achievement of operational benchmarking. The process analysis, by means of statistical tools, allied to mathematical modeling algorithms used in Wedge, makes it possible to identify the relevant information for process and quality improvement with regard to efficiency, equipment maintenance, productivity, and uniformity of the end product quality, reduction of unwanted shutdowns, and quicker resolution of process problems.

Um filtro gaussiano adaptativo para análise comparativa de imagens de radares e satélites meteorológicos

Meteorological satellite and radar data comparative analysis allows to correlate the precipitation structures observed in both images. Such analysis would make feasible the extension of the range of ground-based meteorological radars. In addition to the different spatial and temporal resolution of these images this comparative analysis presents difficulties due to the effects of rotation and distortion, besides the different formats, projections, and coordinate systems. This work employed an approach based on a Gaussian adaptive filter in order to compare such images. The statistical results obtained from the comparison of the images are matched to those produced by other methods.

The role of hierarchical morphologies in the superior gas sensing performance of CuO-based chemiresistors

The development of gas sensors with innovative designs and advanced functional materials has attracted considerable scientific interest given their potential for addressing important technological challenges. This work presents new insight towards the development of high-performance p-type semiconductor gas sensors. Gas sensor test devices, based on copper (II) oxide (CuO) with innovative and unique designs (urchin-like, fiber-like, and nanorods), are prepared by a microwave-assisted synthesis method. The crystalline composition, surface area, porosity, and morphological characteristics are studied by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensor measurements, performed simultaneously on multiple samples, show that morphology can have a substantial influence on gas sensor performance. An assembly of urchin-like structures is found to be most effective for hydrogen detection in the range of parts-per-million at 200 °C with 300-fold larger response than the previously best reported values for semiconducting CuO hydrogen gas sensors. These results show that morphology plays an important role in the gas sensing performance of CuO and can be effectively applied in the further development of gas sensors based on p-type semiconductors. High-performance gas sensors based on CuO hierarchical morphologies with in situ gas sensor comparison are reported. Urchin-like morphologies with high hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity that show chemical and thermal stability and low temperature operation are analyzed. The role of morphological influences in p-type gas sensor materials is discussed. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Análise da reconstrução 3D a partir de um par estereoscópico HR-CCD/CBERS-2 usando dois modelos matemáticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Formação de imagens multiespectrais por meio de fusão de imagens adquiridas por múltiplas câmaras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Extração de segmentos de rodovias em imagens de resoluções variadas usando o princípio de bordas paralelas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudos estruturais da Purina Nucleosídeo Fosforilase do Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexada com ligantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Quantificação da resoluçao do sistema SPECT-CZT através do uso da função de transferência modulada (MTF)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Extração de rodovias utilizando SNAKES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Extração semi-automática do eixo de rodovia em imagens de média e alta resolução usando programação dinâmica

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Justiça Restaurativa na Escola: reflexos sobre a prevenção da violência e indisciplina grave e na promoção da cultura de paz

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento, aperfeiçoamento e validação de método cromatográfico para previsão da qualidade e propriedades físico-químicas do óleo diesel tipo B

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)