Controlling Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) with Bacillus spp. and coffee oil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ciclagem do nitrogênio relacionada ao sistema de produção

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Impact of inulin and okara on Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12 viability in a fermented soy product and probiotic survival under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions

The effect of inulin and/or okara flour on Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12 viability in a fermented soy product (FSP) and on probiotic survival under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions were investigated throughout 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Employing a 22 design, four FSP trials were produced from soymilk fermented with ABT-4 culture (La-5, Bb-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus): FSP (control); FSP-I (with inulin, 3 g/100 mL of soymilk); FSP-O (with okara, 5 g/100 mL); FSP-IO (with inulin + okara, ratio 3:5 g/100 mL). Probiotic viabilities ranged from 8 to 9 log cfu/g during the 28 days of storage, and inulin and/or okara flour did not affect the viability of La-5 and Bb-12. Bb-12 resistance to the artificial gastrointestinal juices was higher than for La-5, since the Bb-12 and La-5 populations decreased approximately 0.6 log cfu/g and 3.8 log cfu/g, respectively, throughout storage period. Even though the protective effect of inulin and/or okara flour on probiotic microorganisms was not significant, when compared to a fresh culture, the FSP matrix improved Bb-12 survival on day 1 of storage and may be considered a good vehicle for Bb-12 and could play an important role in probiotic protection against gastrointestinal juices. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Seleção de genótipos de soja portadores ou não do gene RR por meio de análise multivariada e desempenho agronômico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho agronômico e produtivo de cultivares de soja em diferentes ciclos e safras

With the objective of gathering technical data about soybean cultivars performance in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, an experiment was conducted to evaluate seventeen genotypes. The experiment was conducted during the Summer seasons of 2002/03, 2003/04, and 2004/05. The experiment was set in the field according to a complete block design with four repetitions. The soybean cultivars were ‘Embrapa 48’, ‘BRS 132’. ‘BRS 183’, ‘BRS 212’, ‘IAC 22’, and ‘IAC 23’ (early cycled varieties), ‘BRS 133’, ‘BRS 154’, ‘BRS 156’, ‘BRS 184’, ‘BRS 214’, ‘IAC 18’, and ‘IAC 24’ ( semi early varieties), and ‘BRS 134’, ‘BRS 215’, ‘IAC 8.2’, and ‘IAC 19’ (medium cycled varieties ). All the varieties, during the three cropping years, showed adequate plant height and first pod height of insertion for mechanical harvest. Among the production components, mass of 100 grains showed the highest variability. Cultivar ‘BRS 154’ (medium cycle) showed the highest variation in mass of 100 grains and was also the highest yielding variety in the cropping year of 2004/05. The majority of the cultivars yielded above 3,000 kg ha -1 during the cropping years of 2002/03 and 2004/05. The best yielding performance during the three cropping years were displayed by cultivars ‘IAC 22’ (early cycle), ‘BRS 133’ and ‘BRS 156’ ( both semi early cycled varieties).

Potencial do controle biológico para o controle de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) e Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja

The soybean (Glycine max) is of great importance to national economic scenario being a major Brazilian agribusiness products. In most regions, the caterpillar-of-soy (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and caterpillar-false-Medideira (Pseudoplusia includes), act as defoliators, with the highest incidence, usually during the growing season, until the end of flowering, and thus causing a significant reduction in the production, which requires control measures. Due to market demands and the large external environmental awareness exists today, the methods of ecological management have been highlighted in modern agriculture. The use of chemical insecticides, besides being harmful to the environment and man, is, in most cases, the high cost to the farmer. The biological pest control using natural enemies can be used as an alternative control method. Thus this literature review is intended to provide the updated information about these pests and biological control as an alternative form of control, as well as one more tool in the integrated pest of soybean.

Eficiência agronômica da aplicação foliar de nutrientes na cultura da soja

The need to increase soybean production has led many producers to seek alternatives, one of them is the use of foliar fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of different doses of foliar applications of Mg, Zn and B in soybean. The experiment was installed in the area of the Department of Natural Resources/Area of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, in an Oxisol. The design was completely randomized design with eight treatments and foliar applications of ten repetitions, for a total of eighty vessels. It was observed that the treatment (17% B +20% Zn) had a higher efficiency in fresh weight, dry weight and height of soybean, as compared to the productive treatment (17% B + 10% Mg) was what gave the best performance among the treatments.

Physiological dose response of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants to glyphosate depends on growth stage

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Callus cell culture of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) under stress condition leads to high content of peroxidase enzyme

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo do valor nutritivo do farelo de guandu [Cajanus cajan (L.) Miilps] var. fava larga na alimentação de frangos de corte. 1. Avaliação do tratamento térmico

The experiment was conducted to evaluate pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) protein in broiler chicks (up to 28 days of age) feeding, as compared to soybean (Glycine mar) protein, In the experiment the effects of temperature and autoclaving on antinutritional factors on pigeon pea meal were studied. Temperatures of 100, 110 e 120 degrees C and times of autoclaving of 10, 20 and 30 minutes were applied using a two-way factorial design, replicated in four times. Underheating and overheating during the process of inactivation of proteases inhibiting were evaluated by ureatic activity and protein solubility analysis, after the grains were dried and ground. After 28 days, the best time of autoclaving was 20 minutes (p<,05) irrespectively of temperature, which lead to a lower feed consuption. There were no histopathological alterations in kidney, liver, pancreas, heart and intestines of the broilers.

Partial purification and characterization of pectin methylesterase from acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)

The enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) is present in acerola fruit and was partially purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The results of gel filtration showed different PME isoforms. The total PME (precipitated by 70% salt saturation) and one of these isoforms (fraction from Sephadex G-100 elution) that showed a molecular mass of 15.5 +/- 1.0 kDa were studied. The optimum pH values of both forms were 9.0. The total and the partially purified PME showed that PME specific activity increases with temperature, the total acerola PME retained 13.5% of its specific activity after 90 min of incubation at 98 degreesC. The partially purified acerola (PME isoform) showed 125.5% of its specific activity after 90 min of incubation at 98 degreesC. The K-m values of the total PME and the partially purified PME isoform were 0.081 and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. The V-max values of the total PME and the partially purified PME were 2.92 and 6.21 mumol/min/mL/mg of protein, respectively.

Interval training at 95% and 100% of the velocity at VO2 max: effects on aerobic physiological indexes and running performance

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of two different high-intensity interval training (HIT) programs on selected aerobic physiological indices and 1500 and 5000 m running performance in well-trained runners. The following tests were completed (n = 17): (i) incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), running velocity associated with VO2 max (VVO2max), and the velocity corresponding to 3.5 mmol/L of blood lactate concentration (vOBLA); (ii) submaximal constant-intensity test to determine running economy (RE); and (iii) 1500 and 5000 m time trials on a 400 m track. Runners were then randomized into 95% vVO(2max) or 100% vVO(2max) groups, and undertook a 4 week training program consisting of 2 HIT sessions (performed at 95% or 100% vVO(2max), respectively) and 4 submaximal run sessions per week. Runners were retested on all parameters at the completion of the training program. The VO2 max values were not different after training for both groups. There was a significant increase in post-training vVO(2 max), RE, and 1500 in running performance in the 100% vVO(2 max) group. The vOBLA and 5000 m running performance were significantly higher after the training period for both groups. We conclude that vOBLA and 5000 m running performance can be significantly improved in well-trained runners using a 4 week training program consisting of 2 HIT sessions (performed at 95% or 100% vVO(2max)) and 4 submaximal run sessions per week. However, the improvement in vVO(2 max), RE, and 1500 in running performance seems to be dependent on the HIT program at 100% vVO(2 max).

Purification and characterization of pectin methylesterase from acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)

The enzyme pectinmethylesterase (PME) from acerola was extracted and purified by gel anion-exchange chromatography (Q Sepharose) and filtration on Sephadex G-100. The results showed two different PME isoforms (PME1 and PME2), with molecular masses of 25.10 and 5.20 kDa, respectively. PMEI specific activity increased by 9.63% after 60 min incubation at 98 degrees C, while PME2 retained 66% of its specific activity under the same conditions. The K-m values of PMEI, PME2 and concentrated PME were 0.94, 0.08 and 0.08mg mL(-1), respectively. The V-max value of PMEI, PME2 and concentrated were 204.08, 2, 158.73 and 2.92 mu mol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mites (Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmatina) associated with weeds among physic nut crops (Jatropha curcas L.: Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)