Avaliação da Suscetibilidade a Movimentos de Massa no Município de Várzea Paulista (SP) Utilizando os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e mapear áreas suscetíveis a movimentos de massa, por meio das geotecnologias, no município de Várzea Paulista (SP). Para o propósito, foram utilizados os mapas de declividade, geológico, geomorfológico e de uso e ocupação da terra, que foram sobrepostos por meio da Análise Multicritério no SIG ArcGIS. Cada tema recebeu seu peso de influência para deflagração de tais processos e como resultado final foi obtido o mapa de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa do município em questão. Paralelamente foi elaborado o estudo da orientação de vertentes, para determinação daquelas que apresentam maiores riscos em comparação com os dados coletados em campo. Constatou-se que existem muitas áreas ocupadas dentro do município que carecem de monitoramento do Poder Público, principalmente nos meses chuvosos, pois se encontram em locais frágeis do ponto de vista geológico-geomorfológico.

Densidade mineral óssea de adolescentes sobrepesos, obesos e superobesos: o impacto do excesso de gordura corporal sobre a massa óssea

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Estudo de processos redox enzimáticos confinados em eletrodos pelo concomitante monitoramento da variação de massa e da corrente: o caso da penicilinase como modelo

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Características morfológicas dos músculos e qualitativas da carne de cordeiros suplementados e terminados em diferentes índices de área foliar residual

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Nutrição mineral e escleromorfismo foliar de grupos funcionais e comunidades vegetais savânicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Impact of the timing and duration of weed control on the establishment of a rubber tree plantation

A produção da seringueira é reduzida pelas plantas daninhas que competem por recursos ambientais; portanto, a época e duração do controle de plantas daninhas influencia a interferência das plantas daninhas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar o crescimento de plantas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), determinar o período crítico para controle das plantas daninhas e avaliar a recuperação do crescimento das seringueiras que conviveram com plantas daninhas por diferentes períodos de tempo após o plantio. Dois grupos de tratamentos foram estabelecidos em condições de campo, no primeiro ano de investigação: um grupo conteve períodos crescentes de infestação de plantas daninhas, enquanto o outro conteve períodos crescentes de controle das plantas daninhas, também incluindo uma testemunha livre de plantas daninhas e uma testemunha com infestação total de plantas daninhas. No segundo ano da investigação, as plantas daninhas foram totalmente controladas. Urochloa decumbens foi a planta daninha dominante (mais de 90% de cobertura). O crescimento da cultura foi grandemente reduzido devido à interferência de plantas daninhas. A altura de plantas decresceu mais rapidamente que qualquer outra característica. Altura de planta, massa seca de folhas e área foliar decresceram em 99%, 97% e 96%, respectivamente, e foram as características mais reduzidas. A altura de plantas também se recuperou mais rapidamente que qualquer outra característica quando o período de controle das plantas daninhas foi entendido. Contudo, a massa seca do caule aumentou em 750%, fazendo desta a característica mais recuperada. O período crítico para o controle de plantas daninhas foi entre 4 e 9½ meses após o plantio, no primeiro ano; contudo, as seringueiras mostraram expressiva recuperação do crescimento quando as plantas daninhas foram controladas ao longo do segundo ano.

Plant growth and leaf-spot severity on eucalypt at different CO2 concentrations in the air

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do aumento da concentração de CO2 do ar sobre o crescimento de plantas e sobre a mancha foliar causada por Cylindrocladium candelabrum em Eucalyptus urophylla. As mudas foram cultivadas durante 30 dias, a 451, 645, 904, 1.147 µmol mol-1 de CO2 ; em seguida, elas foram inoculadas com o patógeno e mantidas nas mesmas condições por sete dias. O aumento da concentração de CO2 aumentou a altura de plantas e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, e diminuiu a incidência e a severidade da doença. O diâmetro do caule não foi afetado pelos tratamentos. O aumento das concentrações de CO2 atmosférico afeta favoravelmente o crescimento de plântulas de eucalipto e reduz a severidade da mancha foliar.

Estudo comparativo do acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes por plantas de Zea mays e Ipomoea hederifolia

Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions to study the accumulation and distribution of dry mass and macronutrients in maize and Ipomoea hederifolia. Plants of both species had grown, separately, in pots with sand substrate and irrigation with nutrient solution. Treatments were represented by the times of evaluation, realized in intervals of 14 days, starting at 21 days after emergence (DAE). A maize plant showed slight growth up to 30 DAE, when dry mass allocation was higher in roots and leaves (80%); while an I. hederifolia plant, up to 50 DAE, when the allocation of dry mass was higher in offshoots and leaves (79). Dry mass accumulation was almost five times greater in maize (134 g per plant) than in I. hederifolia (29 g per plant). The average values of N and K contents were greater in I. hederifolia. Maximum accumulations of macronutrients by maize were 1,431; 474; 1,832; 594; 340, and 143 mg per plant, while by I. hederifolia, 727; 52; 810; 350; 148, and 65 mg per plant, for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. Mean accumulation rate of dry mass and macronutrients by maize plants was crescent up to 87 DAE, reaching the maximum value at 103 DAE; while being crescent up to 121 DAE by I. hederifolia plants, reaching the maximum value at 138 DAE. Thus, beyond the interference on harvesting process, a population of I. hederifolia also can compete with maize crop for nutrients.

Alternative substrates in the production of lettuce seedlings and their productivity in the field

Based on the hypothesis that alternative substrates should improve the yield of lettuce crops by producing better quality seedlings, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the production of seedlings of this species, and their growth in the field. The study was in two stages. The first consisted of the production of lettuce seedlings, and the second assessed their development in the field. Four alternative substrates were tested, obtained by mixing together a sieved vermicompost from which all clumps had been removed, sterilized sand, charred rice husks and basalt powder. The commercial substrate, Plantmax HA®, was also tested. In the first phase, which was conducted in a completely randomised design with four replications, the height, root length, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight of the seedlings were all evaluated 28 days after sowing. In the second phase, which was carried out in the field in a randomised block design with four replications, the plants were harvested 50 days after transplanting and the head diameter, fresh weight, number of leaves and leaf and stem dry weight were evaluated. The alternative substrates produced larger seedlings in less time than the commercial substrate, resulting in a reduction of 10 days in the total crop cycle. The reduction in the time between sowing and harvesting, together with those aspects relating to sustainability, are the main advantages of the use of alternative substrates, since in the field crop production did not differ between treatments.

Produtividade do milho em condições de diferentes manejos do solo e de doses de nitrogênio

Research has been conducted to identify the best nitrogen (N) rate for maize in most diverse types of soil management. However, there is no agreement on the results, once the dynamic of N is influenced by soil management and cover crops. This study evaluated dry mass production and nutrient uptake by cover crops, agronomic parameters and grain yield of maize in response to soil management and N rates. Field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20º 20' S and 51º 24' W, 340 m asl). Thirty-six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, Crotalaria juncea and millet + Crotalaria juncea), soil management systems (tillage with chisel plow + lightweight disking, heavy disking + lightweight disking, and no-tillage) and topdressing N rates (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 - urea as source). Maize hybrid DKB 350 YG® was used and N applied at stage V5 (fifth expanded leaf). A linear increase with the increase of N rates was observed for chlorophyll leaf index, leaf N content, ear length and diameter, and grain weight and yield. Previously grown sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown, associated with 120 kg ha-1 N for maize, induced a higher grain yield after two growing seasons.

Coberturas vegetais, manejo do solo, doses de nitrogênio e seus efeitos na nutrição mineral e nos atributos agronômicos do milho

Research has investigated the best nitrogen rate for maize under the most diverse types of soil management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cover crops, soil management and topdressed N rates on the dry matter production, nutritional status, plant lodging, plant height and first-ear insertion of maize. Field experiments were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20º 20' S and 51º 24' W, at 340 m asl). Thirty-six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, to test combinations of cover crops (millet, Crotalaria juncea and millet + Crotalaria juncea), soil management (tillage with chisel plow + lightweight disking, heavy disking + lightweight disking, and no-tillage system) and N rates (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 - urea as source). The maize hybrid DKB 350 YG® was used and topdressing N applied at stage V5 (fifth expanded leaf). Previously grown sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp resulted in a higher shoot dry matter, P leaf content and total N, P and K uptake. In the no-tillage system, the initial and final population and shoot dry were highest, and first-ear insertion and plant height lower. The application of 120 kg ha-1 topdressed N increased the P leaf content, N and P in the entire plant, shoot dry matter, total N, P and K uptake, plant height, and the first-ear insertion of maize.

Physiological indexese macro- and micronutrients in plant tissue and essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution with variation in N, P, K and Mg levels

Mentha piperita L. is an aromatic and medicinal species of the family Lamiaceae, known as mint or peppermint, and its leaves and branches produce essential oil rich in menthol. This study aimed to evaluate physiological indexes, macro- and micronutrients inthe shootsand essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution number 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950) with different N, P, K and Mg levels. Shoot length, dry mass of the different organs, total dry mass, leaf area, essential oil yield and composition, and macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micronutrient (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn) contents in the shoot were evaluated. Plants treated with 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg had a tendency towards longer shoot, greaterroot and leaf blade dry masses, higher essential oil yield, higher menthol levels and lower menthone levels. The results showed that Mentha can be grown in nutrient solution by reducing 65% N, 50% P, 25% K and 100% Mg. This solution had better development compared to the other tested treatments. Therefore,we recommendMentha piperita L. to be grown with such nutrient levels.

Estimativa da área foliar de Euphorbia heterophylla

Leaf area estimate may contribute to understand the relationships of interference among weeds and crops. The objective of this research was to obtain a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Euphorbia heterophylla based on linear measures of the leaf blade. Correlation studies were carried out using the real leaf area and leaf length (C) and the maximum leaf width (L) of 200 leaf blades which were collected from several agroecosystems at Universidade Estadual Paulista in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The evaluated statistic models were: linear Y = a + bx; simple linear Y = bx; geometric Y = ax b; and exponential Y = ab x. All of the evaluated models can be used for E. heterophylla leaf area estimation. The simple linear regression model is suggested using C*L and taking the linear coefficient equal to zero. Thus, an estimate of the leaf area of E. heterophylla can be obtained using the equation Af' = 0.6816*(C*L).

Adubação fosfatada no crescimento inicial e na nutrição de mudas de pinhão-manso

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial oilseed species that has aroused economic interest for biodiesel production. Among other factors, it is essential to determine the nutritional demands of this species to facilitate raising it as a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the early growth and mineral nutrition of physic nut, as well as soil fertility, as affected by phosphorus fertilization. The study was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in a completely randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with 50 dm³ of Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Application rates of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 of P were tested, plus a control. Evaluations of plant height and root collar diameter were performed monthly. The experiment was ended 150 days after transplant of the seedlings, at which time leaf area, dry weight, leaf contents and total accumulation of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were performed, and soil chemical properties were analyzed. We concluded that absence of P fertilization alone is as limiting to early growth of physic nut as simultaneous absence of soil amendment and fertilization. The rate of 57 mg dm-3 of P may be recommended for initial growth of physic nut. The total accumulation of nutrients in physic nut seedlings exhibited the following order: K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S>Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu. Phosphorus fertilization resulted in increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC).

Estimativa da área foliar de Panicum maximum usando dimensões lineares do limbo foliar

The objective of this study was to obtain a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Panicum maximum using linear measures of leaf blade. Correlation studies were conducted involving the real leaf area (Sf), the main vein leaf length (C), and the maximum leaf width (L). The linear and geometric equations related to C provided good leaf area estimates. For practical reasons, the use of an equation involving only the C*L product is suggested. Thus, an estimate of P. maximum leaf area can be obtained by the equation Sf = 0.6058 (C*L), with the coefficient of determination R = 0.8586.