455 resultados para Bacia de Santos


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Os recursos genéticos existentes, atualmente, são de suma importância para garantir a preservação de espécies florestais, uma vez que parte delas vem sofrendo excessiva exploração por se tratar de espécies economicamente importantes ou simplesmente devido à ação antrópica. Tendo em vista este panorama, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios genéticos para a conservação da espécie ipê-roxo. Analisou-se 31 progênies de Tabebuia heptaphylla da região da Bacia do Médio Tiête. Utilizaram-se três locos, sendo um dos primers desenvolvido para o gênero Tabebuia e os outros para outros gêneros. O parâmetro Fst analisado mostrou haver uma menor diversidade entre progênies (21,47%) que dentro delas (78,53%). O coeficiente médio de endogamia, Fis, para a espécie, apresentou um valor relativamente alto (0,276) quando comparado com a literatura para espécies florestais. A taxa de cruzamento foi de 0,808, revelou que a espécie tem sistema reprodutivo misto, com tendência para a alogamia. As autofecundações foram de 19,2%, a percentagem de irmãos completos foi de 11,23%, de meios-irmãos foi igual a 69,57% e o coeficiente de coancestria ( xy) foi de 0,1776

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The study area is the Garoupa Field, located 75 km from the coast of Rio de Janeiro in bathymetric elevation of 125 m and it is the first important offshore discovery of the Campos Basin with hydrocarbon production in the Albian carbonates. The high significance of carbonate rock reservoirs for the global oil industry and its degree of complexity, combined with the fact that the Garoupa Field is a mature field, make this research project interesting to develop a re-exploratory vision of the study area. The objective of this paper is to characterize the physical properties of the Macae Group reservoirs in the Garoupa Field through well correlation techniques, petrophysical analysis and seismic interpretation (3D), in order to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the response of geophysical data to the presence of carbonate rock reservoirs. From the analysis of well profiles (gamma ray, resistivity, density and sonic) it was possible to identify six reservoir levels in the Quissamã Formation. As a result, the reservoirs have good correlation between the wells in the Garoupa Field and show lateral facies variation. In the seismic interpretation, structural contour maps were generated in time (ms) from the top of the Macae Group and two horizons that correspond to the reservoir levels. These maps show that the oil producing area of this field is a structural high located at the west of the interpreted seismic cube, and it was classified as a rollover limited by lateral faults forming a horst. The seismic attribute maps show a good response to the reservoirs of the Garoupa Field because they are associated with amplitude anomalies, verified by the correlation between the physical properties of the reservoir rock and seismic data through cross plots, with emphasis in a linear correlation between the resistivity profile and the values of Maximum Absolute Amplitude and RMS Amplitude attributes

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This work aims to identify and photograph grains that compose important Cretaceous carbonate units of the Potiguar Basin, represented by the Ponta do Mel and Jandaíra formations (Albian-Campanian). Petrographic investigation of thin sections was essential. The samples studied come from wells and surface samples from the collection UNESPetro – UNESP, Rio Claro. In the Ponta do Mel Formation, the grains consist of ooids, oncoids, peloids and bioclasts. Regarding to the identified bioclasts, the solenoporacean red algae, mollusks (bivalves and gastropods), echinoids, foraminifera, ostracods and worms were the dominant elements. In the Jandaíra Formation, the grains are composed by ooids, peloids and bioclasts, which are represented by green algae, mollusks (bivalves and gastropods), benthic foraminifera miliolids, worms, echinoderms and ostracods. The grains found in the Ponta do Mel Formation are somewhat similar to those found in the Jandaíra Formation, with the exception of calcareous algae. The subsurface material from the Ponta do Mel Formation is derived from the upper part of the unit, representing marine high-energy carbonates, which also contains ooids and Trocholina. The samples of Jandaíra Formation, collected in outcrops, often contain green algae, mollusks and miliolids, and come from inner shelf and lagoon facies previously described

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Os solos, assim como as rochas, materiais inconsolidados e regolíticos, apresentam propriedades e características específicas, relativas a seus ambientes de formação. A partir de então o solo torna-se uma fonte de informação de toda a história evolutiva de uma região em seus mais variados parâmetros. Uma das formas de entender essa evolução dinâmica da paisagem é gerando um modelo de paleosuperfícies a partir da interpolação de confluências de drenagem. O trabalho objetivou reconstruir a paleogeografia da área inserida na bacia do Rio Jequitaí, a partir do Método de Isobases Confluentes, procurando analisar e identificar a evolução dos solos. A área está localizada na região centro-norte de Minas Gerais, sendo o Rio Jequitaí um afluente do Alto Rio São Francisco. O trabalho consistiu, na primeira etapa, em levantamento biblio/cartográfico da área em estudo. Durante esse levantamento, além de detectar as características físicas, bióticas e sócio-econômicas de modo a completar, reorganizar e adequar as informações da área, foi levantado um banco de dados base para a geração das Isobases, o qual foi constituído por modelos digitais de elevação (DEM) do programa ASTER e de dados vetoriais da principal rede de drenagem da bacia do Jequitaí. Na segunda etapa, as paleosuperfícies foram geradas usando aplicativos do programa ArcGis da ESRI. O produto final são as proto-superfícies para cada ordem de confluência. Assim no término do trabalho tem-se uma reconstrução da paleopaisagem correspondente, bem como das pro-estruturas equivalentes às condições de equilíbrio dinâmico daquele momento. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a metodologia das Isobases Confluentes permite correlacionar os dados palinológicos, geocronológicos e geomorfológicos obtidos durante o estudo, para a reconstrução dos ambientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The Pampo oil field is located in the southwest of the trend Badejo-Linguado-Pampo in an accumulation of single - mixed trap: structural-stratigraphic-diagenetic. Its main reservoir is a coquina shell of bivalves (the lowest) in the Lagoa Feia Group. During the rift phase, the Badejo-Linguado-Pampo trend´s accumulations evolve according to three tectono-stratigraphic cycles. The first two cycles are formed by siliciclastic rocks with fining up sequences and carbonates coquinas bivalves. The youngest cycle related to Alagoas age is a transgressive event represented by the presence of an evaporitic layer in the top (anhydrite). This study aims to characterize the reservoir Coqueiros Formation based on the analysis of 2D and 3D seismic data and well data-correlation profiles. The structural map of the top of coquinas reservoir indicates a curvilinear contour of Pampo Fault as described on the literature. This fault was interpreted on seismic data as a basement´s high, and it doesn´t show influence on the horizons above the top of Lagoa Feia Group. The Pampo fault is responsible for the division of the field into two blocks: the hanginwall in the West and the footwall to the East. This division is well marked on the reservoir´s isopach map where a greater thickness of reservoir is observed on the lower block. In the Southeast extreme of Badejo-Linguado-Pampo trend, on Pampo Field, the thick siliciclastic´s interval ends laterally to the basement, and its lower´s cycle forms a wedge, as consequence the carbonate-coquina overlaps directly the basement. Another implication of the higher and distal position of Pampo field is that the third cycle is absent, truncated by the unconformity pre-Macaé Group (Albian)

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Os curimatídeos são espécies comuns em ambientes lênticos represados, artificialmente construídos. Estudar o ciclo reprodutivo de uma espécie é fundamental para a compreensão da biologia reprodutiva da população em seu ambiente. Por isso, o presente estudo analisou os aspectos da biologia reprodutiva dos sagüirus Cyphocharax modestus, C. cf. nagelii e Steindachnerina insculpta (Curimatidae), no reservatório da pequena central hidrelétrica Mogi Guaçu, município de Mogi Guaçu, estado de São Paulo. Os exemplares foram coletados bimensalmente entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 com o auxílio de redes de emalhar (malhas 1,0 a 5,0 cm entre nós adjacentes), totalizando seis amostras. No total, foram analisados 777 exemplares, sendo 525 de C. modestus, 82 de C.cf. nagelii e 170 de S. insculpta. A dinâmica reprodutiva foi analisada considerando-se os períodos seco e chuvoso. A fecundidade foi estimada de acordo com o método volumétrico a partir da análise de 168 pares de ovários maduros, sendo 121 de C. modestus, 18 de C. cf nagelii e 29 de S. insculpta. Também foram estimadas as relações gonadossomáticas médias e as correlações do número total de ovócitos em relação ao peso e ao comprimento para cada uma das três espécies. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para desova total (sincrônica em dois grupos) para as três espécies. O número médio de ovócitos foi de 15.309 a 28.825 para C. modestus, 29.031 para C. cf. nagelii e 27.206 para S. insculpta.

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The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

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The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin

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The expansion and growth of towns affect the hydrology of watersheds included in the urban environment, impacting mainly the slopes and river channels. This interference can be in soil waterproofing, the runoff of rainwater, the extinction of surface drainage, the dynamics of flooding processes, etc. For studies concerning the hydrological behavior of watersheds, Remote Sensing techniques have been used to support the acquisition and analysis of data and also to generate new information from the integration of these data. In this context, the study aimed to characterize scenarios and conduct comparative analysis of urban occupation of parts of watershed the Córrego da Servidão, in Rio Claro (SP) and analyze the degree of waterproofing on the ground. With the support of the soil categories of waterproofing listed in Soil Conservation Service (S.C.S / USDA) this analysis was conducted, considering the scenarios of 1958 and 2006, through processes of interpretative analysis of panchromatic and color images aerofotogramétricas. The analysis, data integration and mapping of the watershed area were conducted in an environment of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Maps were obtained to characterize land cover in the watershed, showing the evolution of urban occupation, as well as indicating the densely built and waterproofed

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The Linguado Field is located in the extreme southwest portion of Campos Basin. It’s associated with Structural Badejo High and can be divided in two groups of faults: one manly formed by antithetic faults, with NW-SE direction, continuous to Badejo Fault, and another identified by N-S faults. Besides these faults had affected the basement and the stratification of basin, these systems also had contributed to coquina permoporosity development, that show 80% of recoverable oil volume of the field. The carbonate marine sequence, Albian age, it was deposited under the salt. This forms structures as like as pillows and raft as a result of the halocinese. Structurally the Linguado Field coquina has monoclinal direction with east dip, it’s cut by faults with slip up to 50 meters. In addition to structural control, stratigraphy and diagenesis also were important to carbonate trap oil. The identification of recoverable oil levels in the low phase of the coquina from Lagoa Feia Group was done by well data. The seismic 2D and 3D, with the well data, was used to structural interpretation to regional scale either to reservoir scale.

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Atualmente, crescentes esforços vêm sendo desenvolvidos no sentido de se caracterizar a ictiofauna Neotropical de riachos do ponto de vista taxonômico e sistemático, porém a estrutura genética destas populações ainda é pouco conhecida, sendo escassos os estudos sobre filogeografia dessa ictiofauna. Considerando que Astyanax paranae representa a única espécie do complexo scabripinnis na bacia do Alto rio Paraná, a ausência de dados moleculares populacionais e as evidências citogenéticas e morfológicas de que esta espécie não represente uma unidade monofilética, faz-se necessário um amplo estudo filogeográfico e filogenético em Astyanax paranae. O presente projeto teve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade genética em populações de Astyanax paranae e estabelecer as relações filogenéticas filogeográficas entre as linhagens mitocondriais na bacia do rio Paranapanema. As análises foram realizadas através da análise de sequências do DNA mitocondrial a partir do gene Citocromo B (cyt b) que foram completamente seqüenciados. Foram analisadas 8 populações de Astyanax paranae: 2 populações da bacia do rio Pardo, 1 Córrego Hortelã, 2 Véu de Noiva, Botucatu/SP; 4 populações da bacia do rio Tibagi, 1 população Maria da Serra/PR; 1 Ponta Grossa/PR, 1 Cambé/PR, 1 Castrolanda/PR; 1 população do rio Itapetiniga, rio Itapetininga, Itapetiniga/SP.; o número de indivíduos por população variou de 1 a 5. Como grupo externo foram analisados 1 população de Astyanax altiparanae com 3 indivíduos (Véu de Noiva pt2, Botucatu/SP); 1 população de Astyanax fasciatus com 5 indivíduos (região de Itapetiniga/SP) e 1 população de Astyanax bockmanni com 2 indivíduos (Véu de Noiva pt2, Botucatu/SP); num total de 39 indivíduos. Entre as...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Os processos geomorfológicos são responsáveis pelas formas do relevo, constituindo uma das dimensões do substrato físico para o desenvolvimento das atividades antrópicas. O conhecimento e a identificação dos mecanismos destes processos podem contribuir para o entendimento das dinâmicas naturais e das ações humanas sobre a superfície terrestre. Desta forma, objetivo desse trabalho de pesquisa foi identificar e caracterizar as principais unidades geomorfológicas do baixo curso do rio Paranapanema, a partir da utilização dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e do uso de geotecnologias. No SIG foram realizadas as seguintes etapas da pesquisa: processamento digital das imagens de radar, georreferenciamento dos dados, delimitação e compilação da área de estudo e elaboração dos mapas temáticos. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados fundamentaram-se basicamente nos conceitos de morfoestrutura e morfoescultura para classificação e taxonomia do relevo, desenvolvidos por Jurandir L. S. Ross (1992). As classes de dissecação do relevo, carta clinográfica e hipsometria da bacia foram obtidas a partir do processamento de cartas topográficas e imagens de radar da missão SRTM. Os resultados apresentados na forma de mapas, gráficos e tabelas permitiram analisar e caracterizar os processos geomorfológicos atuantes na bacia do baixo Paranapanema, com maior riqueza de detalhe (1: 250 000)

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A tectono-stratigraphic study of bivalve coquina-reservoir of Linguado Field allowed to identify two trends of permoporosity development. The delineation of these depositional-diagenetic traps were made through structural and stratigrafic cross-sections and maps. It resulted in the identification of shelf-ramp systems (tilted to SSE), it tickens from 60 to 70 meters and ends against an antithetic fault. The main coquina is bounded by fine siliciclastic units, white clay (low Gamma Ray values) or shale (high Gamma Ray values) lithologies, influencing diagenesis of basal or top coquina limestones (cimented, non-porous). Also in the middle of coquina-reservoir the “clayer” material is also associated with cemented carbonates, with also compartimentalize the reservoir into two subzones. The coquina porosity of the subzones is taken from density-neutron logs, while induction log estimates permeabilities and fluid saturations. It’s noticed the porosity development into pairs, good one followed by a regular/poor one and vice versa. These pairs form verticals succession, pair cycles where porosity improves or decreases upwards. These two scales of pore heterogeneity impose strong layering to the reservoir, and influences fluid saturations, oil-water contacts and porosity cut-offs. In a cross-section with density and induction logs, it can be observed the porosity variation along the shelf-ramp coquina (between 3LI_0004_RJS e 3RJS_0157C_RJ), the porosity is better developed in a downdip direction in the case of the two shelf wells, and also be the three ramp wells. The southern west downdip, 3RJS_0157C_RJ well, has best porosity pairs-cycles; however, its lowest structural conditions favour water saturation. Therefore it is fundamental for reservoir fluid evaluation a cross-plot analysis of RHOB-NPHI and Induction logs

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The Namorado Oil Field represents the beginning of the oil exploration in Brazil, in the 70s, and it is still a subject of researches because the importance of this turbidite sandstone in the brazilian oil production. The Namorado’s production level was denominated “Namorado sandstone”, it is composed by turbidite sandstone deposited during the Albian-Cenomanian. In order to define the structural geometry of the main reservoir, geological and geophysical tools like RECON and Geographix (Prizm – Seisvision) softwares were used, and its application was focused on geological facies analysis, for that propose well logs, seismic interpretation and petrophysical calculations were applied. Along this work 15 vertical wells were used and the facies reservoirs were mapped of along the oil field; it is important to mentioned that the all the facies were calibrated by the correlation rock vs log profile, and 12 reservoir-levels (NA-1, NA-2, NA-3, NA-4, NA-5, NA-6, NA-7, NA-8, NA-9, NA-10, NA-11 e NA-12) were recognized and interpreted. Stratigraphic sections (NE-SW and NW-SE) were also built based on stratigraphic well correlation of each interpreted level, and seismic interpretation (pseudo-3D seismic data) on the southeastern portion of the oil field. As results it was interpreted on two- and three-dimensional maps that the deposition reservoir’s levels are hight controlled by normal faults systems. This research also shows attribute maps interpretation and its relationship with the selection of the reservoir attribute represented on it. Finally the data integration of stratigraphic, geophysical and petrophysical calculations lets us the possibility of obtain a detail geological/petrophysical 3D model of the main reservoir levels of “Namorado sandstone” inside the oil/gás field