Treatment of PVC using an alternative low energy ion bombardment procedure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preparation, characterization and application of a nanostructured composite: Octakis(cyanopropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane

Octakis(cyanopropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane was prepared and characterized by C-13, Si-29 NMR (MAS), SEM, FF-IR, XRD and thermogravimetric techniques. The four groups alpha, beta, gamma, kappa (to the terminal silicon atom), associated with an acrylonitrile, were clearly seen in the C-13 NMR (alpha-CH2 at 17.9; P-CH2 at 31.3; gamma-CH, at 50.4; K-C N at 59.0 ppm). The Si-29 NMR spectrum of the final product, exhibits only Q type silicon signal, ascribed to Q(4) (-118.0 ppm). The presence of acrylonittile substituted for octameric cube confers a relative change phase and thermal stability to the material. With regard to the applications for this new material, it was intended, in this case, to react with Na-2[Fe(CN)(5)NH3] by chemical substitution. This composite was incorporated into a carbon paste electrode and the electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of the modified graphite paste electrode, showed one redox couples with formal potential (E-1/2(ox)) = 0.24 V versus SCE. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure of copper(II) complexes adsorbed on functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

The 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-modified silsesquioxane nanoplatforms have been prepared and characterized. The silsesquioxane nanocages readily react with CuX(2) in aqueous solution to form copper complex-substituted silsesquioxanes. Adsorption isotherms of CuX(2) from aqueous solution were studied at 25 degrees C. The electronic and ESR spectral parameters indicated that the copper ion is in a distorted-tetragonal symmetry field. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Oligosilsesquioxane Cage Functionalized with Molybdenum(II) Organometallic Fragments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dielectric response features and oxygen migration on rare earth modified lead titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recuperação de área degradada por construção de hidroelétrica com adubação verde e corretivo

As áreas de empréstimo em hidrelétricas são as áreas remanescentes da construção da fundação da barragem e podem ser consideradas áreas degradadas, pois delas foram retirados os horizontes superficiais do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a recuperação de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, degradado por construção civil (Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira-SP), por meio de adubação verde e aplicação de calagem e gessagem. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de: testemunha (solo mobilizado e vegetação espontânea); mucuna-preta e guandu até 1994. Depois foram substituídos por feijão-de-porco; calcário + mucuna-preta; calcário + guandu até 1994. Nova substituição foi feita por feijão-de-porco; calcário + gesso + mucuna-preta e calcário + gesso + guandu até 1994. Outra substituição foi feita por feijão-de-porco. Esses tratamentos foram estabelecidos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições: após quatro anos com os adubos verdes, um ano com milho, um ano com aveia-preta e dois anos com braquiária. Foram avaliados: pH, teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, P, K, capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases e teor de matéria orgânica. Os tratamentos adotados estão recuperando os atributos químicos do solo degradado, e a mucuna-preta apresentou os melhores resultados, quando comparada ao guandu e feijão-de-porco. Os efeitos da recuperação dos atributos químicos do solo alcançaram a profundidade de 0,0-0,2 m. As técnicas adotadas para recuperação desses atributos químicos (adubação verde, calagem e gessagem) no primeiro ano atingiram a profundidade do solo de 0,0-0,1 m e, somente após cinco anos, de 0,0-0,2 m.

Aquisição da coda vibrante: o estabelecimento de pistas fonético-acústicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] on the urinary bladder of male Wistar rats

Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide widely used on agricultural crops such as soy, cotton and sugar cane. In a previous long-term study this herbicide exerted carcinogenic activity on the urinary bladder mucosa of male Wistar rats. In general, the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of Diuron are considered to be negative. The present study aimed to evaluate the mode of action of Diuron on the urinary bladder mucosa of male Wistar rats. Six-week old male Wistar rats were fed pelleted Nuvilab diet mixed with Diuron at 125, 500 and 2500 ppm. As a positive control, 8.3% sodium saccharin (NaS) was fed in the diet. Preceding the sacrifice of the animals at the 20th week, urinary pH was measured and the genotoxic potential of Diuron was evaluated by the comet assay. Histological urothelial lesions in the urinary bladder and in the renal pelvis mucosa, cell proliferation/apoptosis evaluations, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the urinary bladder mucosa were also performed. No DNA changes were found in urothelial or peripheral blood cells, and urinary pH was comparable to controls in all Diuron groups. In the urinary bladder urothelium, the incidence of simple hyperplasia (SH) by light microscopy was significantly increased (7/10; p < 0.005) in the 2500 ppm Diuron group but not at the lower doses. By SEM, three of five animals treated with 2500 ppm Diuron showed urothelial cell necrosis and hyperplasia. In the renal pelvis, the incidence of SH was significantly increased in the Diuron 500 and 2500 ppm and in the NaS 8.3% groups. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the Diuron 2500 ppm, (p < 0.05) and NaS 8.3% (p < 0.05) groups. The results indicate that a high dietary concentration of Diuron is associated with urothelial necrosis and continuous regenerative cell proliferation that leads to urothelial hyperplasia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Diuron-Induced Rat Bladder Epithelial Cytotoxicity

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cytotoxicity and Regenerative Proliferation as the Mode of Action for Diuron-Induced Urothelial Carcinogenesis in the Rat

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transcriptional Profile of Diuron-Induced Toxicity on the Urinary Bladder of Male Wistar Rats to Inform Mode of Action

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho produtivo da tilápia-do-nilo arraçoada com dieta contendo farelo de nabo forrageiro

Alternative protein sources have been studied in order to reduce feed costs. In a completely random experimental design (five treatments and six replicates) 180 Nile tilapia fingerlings were distributed in 30 aquaria (50 L). The fish were fed isoprotein (28% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (3000 kcal digestible energy kg(-1)) diets where soybean meal was substituted by fodder radish meal at the following levels: 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75% Performance and chemical composition of the fillet were determined after 90 days. It was conclude that fodder radish meal can substitute soybean meal up to 25% without any interference on performance and fillet composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Poultry offal meal in chicken: Traceability using the technique of carbon (C-13/C-12)- and nitrogen (N-15/N-14)-stable isotopes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sources of organic trace minerals in diets for weaned piglets

One hundred and twenty six piglets from a commercial genetic strain weaned at 21 days of age (6.11±0.42 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementation levels of organic sources of trace minerals in the diets of weaned piglets on performance, occurrence of diarrhea, excretion of copper and zinc in the feces, and hematological parameters. A completely randomized block design was adopted, composed of six treatments (diets containing 100% of inorganic trace minerals premix at 3.00 kg/T; diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of organic trace minerals premix, equivalent to 0; 0.75; 1.50; 2.25 or 3.00 kg/T, respectively), seven replicates and three animals per plot. During the experimental period (from 21 to 63 days of age), the increasing levels of organic trace minerals premix in the diets determined a quadratic effect on daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC), percentage of hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets (Pt), and a linear increase of Cu and Zn concentrations in feces. The comparison of means between the treatment with inorganic trace minerals premix and the other treatments showed that piglets fed diets without trace minerals premix had lower values of DWG, Ht, Hb, MCH, MCV, Pt and the worst FC value of piglets fed diets containing 25% of organic trace minerals premix presented lower values of Ht and Hb, in comparison with those fed diets with 100% of inorganic trace minerals premix. Inorganic trace minerals premix can be substituted by organic trace minerals premix at a lower level of inclusion in diets for weaned piglets.

Use of BioGran and Calcitite in bone defects: Histologic study in monkeys (Cebus apella)

The present study compares the biologic behavior of BioGran and Calcitite as fillers for surgical cavities in the mandibles of 4 adult monkeys (Cebus apella). The surgical cavities were prepared through both mandibular cortices, with a diameter of 5 mm, in the angle region. Two cavities were prepared on the right side and 1 on the left and divided into 3 groups: R-1 sites were filled with bioglass (BioGran), R, sites were not filled, and L sites were filled with hydroxyapatite (Calcitite). After 180 days the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were removed for histologic processing. Results showed no bone formation in group R, (empty cavities). BioGran-treated sites showed bone formation and total repair of the bone defect, and the bioglass particles were almost totally resorbed and substituted by bone. The few remaining crystals were in intimate contact with newly formed bone. Calcitite did not allow bone formation, and granules inside the cavities were involved by connective tissue. Based upon those results, the authors concluded that bioglass resulted in total obliteration of the surgical cavity with bone and hydroxyapatite was present in a large amount and involved by connective tissue, without bone formation.