442 resultados para plantas medicinais
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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The use of medicinal plants corresponds to an ancient practice, either as an alternative medicine for the cure of several diseases, or as a method of abortion. Nevertheless, the population in general does not know the risks involved in the use of medicinal plants. In this sense, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the consumption rate of medicinal plants by women in a Basic Health Unit (BHU), on order to identify which plant species have been most frequently consumed by them, including during the pregnancy. Through an exploratory questionnaire with 48 women, it was observed that most part of the interviewees had children and the most of them cited Peumus boldus, Baccharis trimera and Cassia angustifolia, which were mainly used for stomach aches or digestives (53%), for colds (23%), menstrual cramps (4%) or to menstruate (2%). The remaining part of the study consisted in the visual and chemical analysis of the plant species cited by the interviewees, including other species that have been popularly used as a method of abortion. Comparative visual analysis of medicinal plants (Group A-C) from four different shops showed the absence of quality control concerning packing specifications and the separation of the plant material to be consumed. The analysis of the chemical profiles of these samples by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that those species belonging to the Group C were significantly different from those plants having the same identification, except for Peumus boldus, whose samples were similar in terms of chemical composition.
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A falta de pesquisas em Fitovigilância contribui para o baixo índice de relatos de efeitos adversos de plantas medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos. Eventos adversos a medicamentos constituem um problema de saúde pública, e aqueles decorrentes do uso concomitante de plantas medicinais e medicamentos sintéticos vêm se tornando cada vez mais frequentes. Indicar possíveis interações medicamentosas e reações adversas decorrentes do uso concomitante de plantas medicinais, medicamentos fitoterápicos e sintéticos prescritos pelo médico. O estudo foi realizado no período de março de 2011 à fevereiro de 2012, na Clínica de Hipertensão do Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara (SESA), da Escola de Saúde Pública - USP. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNESP sob parecer nº 28/2011. Foram entrevistados 48 pacientes, sendo 35 mulheres (72,9%) e 13 homens (27,1%), a faixa etária média dos entrevistados é de 60-69 anos, sendo a idade mínima de 33 anos e a máxima, de 92 anos, além da maioria possuir escolaridade até o Ensino Médio. 93,7% dos pacientes relataram utilizar algum medicamento frequentemente e 85,4% relataram usar e/ou que já usaram alguma planta medicinal. A maioria adquiriu conhecimento sobre o uso da planta através da família, de vizinhos ou por conta própria. Vale ressaltar que 87,8% dos pacientes não avisam ou nunca avisaram ao seu médico se estão ou estavam utilizando planta medicinal antes ou durante o tratamento, e relataram desconhecer os riscos do uso concomitante destes produtos. Os resultados demonstraram a importância da implantação da Fitovigilância no SESA, garantindo uma melhor interação entre médico e paciente no momento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The increase of the antimicrobial resistance and its propagation around the world are the biggest threats to the public health care and to the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms. Nowadays the antimicrobial resistance has increased abruptly. The essential oils are volatile and aromatic compounds derived from parts of plants as flowers, leafs, fruits, seeds, roots, sprouts, among others. The activity of extracts and essential oils of several plant species have been recognized and studied by empirical methods since a long time, but its antimicrobial activities were confirmed recently. Medicinal plants are used in folk medicine as medicines, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative and anti-inflammatory. The use of medicinal plants like source of medicines is an alternative of therapeutics for diseases treatment. In Brazil, studies with this goal are very important, once medicinal plants have been used as a choice of treatment and prevention of infections and diseases in health areas. Considering the fact that some products from medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties it is expected that using screening programs, new potential medicaments could be developed. Otherwise, scientific researches focused on determining therapeutic potential of plants are limited, there are lack of scientific studies which confirms the potential antibiotics properties of a large number of plants. The aim of the present study is determinate the antimicrobial activity of 10 medicinal species belonging to CPMA - Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from CPQBA/UNICAMP. The minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC) will be determined against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans. Furthermore, will be conducted chemical identification and fractionation of essential oils and extract with better activity
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O Brasil caracteriza-se pela pluralidade cultural e religiosa. Muitas religiões, como a Umbanda, o Candomblé e o Espiritismo, utilizam plantas em rituais ou com o intuito de combater doenças. No combate das doenças, as plantas medicinais são utilizadas com base no conhecimento tradicional, muitas vezes distorcido pela sociedade moderna. Portanto, há um risco inerente nesta prática, pois o efeito das plantas medicinais está relacionado à presença de substâncias químicas, geralmente metabólitos secundários, as quais exercem ação farmacológica de forma análoga aos fármacos sintéticos, bem como podem produzir reações adversas ou intoxicação. Além disso, o uso adequado das plantas medicinais envolve conhecimento sobre seu cultivo, colheita/coleta, modo de preparo, posologia e indicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso de plantas medicinais por comunidades religiosas e avaliar o risco de sua utilização com base em evidências científicas. Concluiu-se no trabalho que a maioria das plantas utilizadas está de acordo, totalmente, ou em parte com as indicações de uso na medicina popular ou respaldadas por estudos científicos. Porém, algumas das plantas medicinais utilizadas apresentam alta toxicidade e a indicação de uso de algumas outras, não condiz com estudos científicos ou uso na medicina popular
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O Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas “Prof.ª Dra. Célia Cebrian Araújo Reis” fundado em 1989 no campus de Araraquara da UNESP é um Horto de Referência Botânica e uma coleção de plantas vivas de interesse farmacêutico, objeto deste estudo que objetivou em caracterizá-lo e divulgá-lo. Para isso foi realizado um resgate histórico por meio de pesquisas em documentos datados da época da fundação e realização de entrevistas com um dos docentes fundadores e com o funcionário da unidade; levantamento florístico com seleção de algumas espécies arbóreas para depósito em herbário e registro, assim como o desenvolvimento de um sistema heurístico de catalogação própria para dar entrada nas plantas que futuramente virão a ser registradas no horto, modelo de ficha monográfica botânica e exemplo de ficha devidamente preenchida; e a construção de página na internet vinculada ao site da FCFAr disponibilizada na Web apresentando parte do conteúdo desenvolvido neste trabalho, incluindo lista de plantas registradas para consulta.
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This work deals with present and discuss mainly the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of each species of the National List of Medicinal plants of interest to SUS (RENISUS) contained in scientific articles that are found in the Bauru-SP region. Such information compiled in this study may help in the advancement of scientific research, promoting the speed in bibliographic queries these species. In the present work was carried out consultation papers and described in the form of literature review, published information of the species listed in Renisus specific to the Bauru-SP region are: Aloe spp* (A. vera or A. barbadensis), Schinus terebinthifolius = mastic Schinus, trimera Baccharis, Mikania spp* (M. glomerata and M. laevigata), Vernonia condensata, Tabebuia avellanedeae, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus spp* (P. amarus, P. niruri, P. tenellus and P. urinaria), Stryphnodendron adstringens = Stryphnodendron barbatimam, pulegium Mentha, Mentha spp* (M. crispa, M. piperita or M. villosa), Plectranthus barbatus = Coleus barbatus, Persea spp* (gratissima or P. americana P.), Bauhinia spp* (B. affinis, B. forficata or B. variegata), Copaifera spp*, Morus sp*, Eugenia uniflora or brasiliana Myrtus*, Psidium guajava, Syzygium spp* (S. jambolanum or S. cumini), Passiflora spp* (P. alata, P. edulis or P. incarnata), Punica granatum and Casearia sylvestris. Studies have shown that the use of plants as alternatives treatment and sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity has a breakthrough in research regarding the chemical composition of each species of RENISUS relationship. Many phytochemical studies are reported compiled with possible pharmacological indications of each species. Thus enabling the use and production of herbal medicines in SUS
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Cerrado is the second biggest biome of Brazil. The broadest floristic diversity includes many species with medicinal properties. First, in this study was highlighted some important aspects that known Cerrado at Brazilian environmental sitting and main problems of impacts at the biome by the inside of our country. Second, a bibliographic search was presented to point uses and importance of plants at treatments, setting some examples of Cerrado’s species that has medicinal properties. Then, a reflection about the relation of use, popular knowledge and the local communities participation at the construction of conservationist and sustainable thoughts. Finally, a real example of conservation based on traditional knowledge in a riverain population.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
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A simple and fast method to determine Ca, K and Mg in a single aliquot of medicinal plants by HR-CS FAAS is proposed. The secondary lines for Ca (239.856 nm) and K (404.414 nm), and the alternate line measured at wing of the secondary line for Mg at (202.588 nm) allowed calibration within the 20 - 500 mg.L-1 Ca and K, and 1.0 - 80 mg.L-1 Mg. Twenty samples and three plant certified materials were analyzed. Results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level with reference values. Limits of detection were 2.4 mg.L-1 Ca, 1.9 mg.L-1 K and 0.3 mg.L-1 Mg. The RSD (n=12) were ≤ 5.1% and recoveries were between 83 and 108% for all analytes.
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The following research project deals with the development of new analytical procedures aimed at the identification and quantification of the element zinc in different fractions of vegetable drugs used for weight loss, using the high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry in flame. The determination of the levels of zinc was made in an AnalytikJena ContrAA 300 spectrometer in the principal line of Zn at 213.857 nm and wavelength integrated absorbance equal to 3 pixels. Calibration curves were obtained with linear dynamic range from 0.10 to 1.00 mg L-1, correlation coefficient equal to 0.9991 and limit of detection equal to 0.020 mg L-1. The total Zn content in the samples obtained after microwave-assisted acid digestion system were: 28.06 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 31.49 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 77.16 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 105.38 mg kg-1 (Horsetail), 32.37 mg kg-1 (Fennel) and 5.00 mg kg-1 (Senna). The extraction in aqueous environment assisted by microwave radiation produced extracts containing: 5.40 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 10.65 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 14.83 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 18.90 mg kg-1 (Horsetail), 7.80 mg kg-1 (Fennel), 3.24 mg kg-1 (Senna), corresponding to 19%, 34%, 19%, 18%, 24% and 64% of their total content of Zn, respectively. The amounts of Zn in the extracted samples from some plants indicate that this metal was strongly bounded to the plant's matrix. The sequential extraction using solvents and mixtures with different polarities (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, propanol, methanol, ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v), water) aimed the separation of different Zn containing species and water was considered the most efficient extractor. The Zn contents extracted were: 14.82 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 16.82 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 34.09 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 4.75 mg kg-1 (Senna), corresponding to 53% in the first two samples, 44% and 95% for the last two, respectively. It was observed that Zn is found complexed under
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular o custo de produção de carqueja cultivada no município de Cajuru (SP) e analisar seus indicadores de rentabilidade. O cultivo de quatro anos compreendeu no primeiro ano a fase de implantação e produção inicial (duas colheitas) e os três anos subsequentes somente produção (três colheitas/ano). Os custos mensurados foram o Custo Operacional Efetivo (COE) e Custo Operacional Total (COT), nos quais se constatou que o gasto com insumos foi o principal fator. Já os indicadores de rentabilidade analisados foram: receita bruta, lucro operacional, margem bruta, lucratividade e ponto de nivelamento. Verificou-se a existência de lucro operacional positivo ao longo do período. O presente estudo demonstrou a rentabilidade do cultivo de carqueja. Sugere-se a ampliação deste tipo de estudo para outras espécies medicinais para melhor compreensão deste importante tipo de cadeia produtiva.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the spontaneous use of medicinal plants by volunteer patients in the treatment of hypertension and to determine the most used plants in this situation. Data were collected through a questionnaire and a semi-structured guided interview applied to patients from a health center in the Midwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Quantitative analysis identified a high number of hypertensive patients spontaneously using herbal treatment. The referred plants were identified by the Herbarium Botu and researched in the literature as to their therapeutic actions. The biggest mistake was observed in the misuse of the Bilberry for the treatment of hypertension, which reveals that health professionals and the community in general should be more careful. As a result we have published an informative booklet, with emphasis on hypertension concepts and on the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy method for this disease in order to provide scientific knowledge and scientific research evidence to this practice.