Turnover isotópico do 13C em aves poedeiras

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Análises microbiológicas e quantificação de proteína de soja pela metodologia isotípica (δ13C and δ15N) em hambúrgueres bovinos de marcas comerciais brasileiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Procedência da cocaína e maconha definida por isótopos estáveis

Objectives: the aim of this work was to define the range of possible values for each isotope of carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 for cocaine and marijuana seized in Botucatu-SP, with the intention of distinguishing the geographical origin of the drug. Materials and Methods: samples of marijuana and cocaine were collected at the time of incineration. Then, at the Stable Isotope Center from São Paulo State University in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, samples of marijuana were subjected to the drying process and subsequent grinding. Samples of cocaine were not submitted to the processes of drying and grinding because they were already in adequate granulometry. Subsequently, the samples of both drugs were weighed in accordance with the standards for carbon-13 and nitrogen-15. Lastly, CO2 and N2 gases were obtained from the samples through the elemental analyzer. They were then analyzed in a mass spectrometer to obtain values of δ13C and δ15N in ‰. Results and Discussion: the results of marijuana allowed for comparison with regions of Queensland, Australia, according to the range of δ13C between -29.9 ‰ and -29.3 ‰ and δ15N range from 4.1 ‰ to 5.8 ‰. The results were also consistent with those of the state of Pará, Brazil, where the values of δ13C and δ15N were -30.3 ± 0.7 ‰ and 5.0 ± 1.3 ‰, respectively. Also the results were in accordance with those from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in which δ13C values varied by -28.7 ± 1.3 ‰, and δ15N values varied by 6.6 ± 1.1 ‰, respectively. In both regions, the samples identified as being from Pará and Mato Grosso do Sul showed an overlap. In addition, the results fitted with data from the state of Maranhão, in which the values of δ13C and δ15 N were -28.8 ± 1.6 ‰ and 2.9 ± 2.5 ‰, respectively. In the case of cocaine, the present study could not be related to the results from the literature. One possible explanation may be related to the non-purification of ...

Measurement of the natural variation of 13C:12C ratio in leaves at Reserva Ducke Forest, central Amazonia

Investigation of carbon isotope fractionation by plants was carried out at two sub-areas located in Reserva Ducke, central Amazonia: open reserve (virgin forest with low density of plant species); and closed reserve (virgin forest with high density of plant species). Preliminary results (δ‰ 13C: 12C values, PDB) of leaf analysis at different plant heights indicate the following: Eschweilera matamata Hub. (Lecythidaceae), common name 'matamata', -31.55±0.61; Protium heptaplyllum March. (Burseraceae), common name 'breu branco', -32.34±1.39; Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Guttiferae), common name 'jacareúba', -30.72±0.23; Scleronema micrantthum Ducke. (Bombacaceae), common name 'cardeiro'. -28.81±0.68; and Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), common name 'andiroba', -31.07±0.51. It is possible that the plant species analysed belong to the C3 photosynthetic cycle. In general, the species in the open reserve show differences of the order of 1.66±0.34‰ (greater in 13C) as compared with the same species in the closed reserve. The old leaves show differences in the relative isotopic enrichment (δ) of the order of 1‰, being smaller in new leaves in both reserves. The probable occurrence of an isotopic gradient from the lower (2-5 m) to the upper part (15-20 m) of the plant, of the order of 1.3‰, smaller in 13C, in species from the dense forest was noted. However, only two plants from each species were analysed during a two-year period, data obtained to far are still preliminary, and results should, therefore, be revised. Moreover, according to the literature, the natural carbon isotope fractionation by plants shows metabolic, physiological and environmental dependence. © 1991.

Synthesis and total 1H- and 13C-NMR assignment of cephem derivatives for use in ADEPT approaches

We report the synthesis and total NMR characterization of 5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[[[(4″- nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino] -diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (5), a new cephalosporin derivative. This compound can be used as the carrier of a wide range of drugs containing an amino group. The preparation of the intermediate product, 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl 4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino) pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (6), as well as the synthesis of the antimalarial primaquine prodrug 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl 4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino)pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl) amino]- 5-dioxide (7) are also described, together with their total 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments. © 2008 by MDPI.

Poultry offal meal traceability in meat quail tissues using the technique of stable carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotopes

Studies on the detection of animal by-products in poultry meat are rare, and non-existent on quail meat. This study aimed at detectiong increasing levels of poultry offal meal (POM) in quail meat, using carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes technique. Sixty four on-day-old male quails derived from a commercial farm were randomly distributed into seven different groups, which were fed experimental diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 15% of POM. Diets were formulated to contain equal energy, protein, and amino acid levels. Four individuals per treatment were sacrificed at 42 days of age for breast muscle (Pectoralis major), keel, and tibia collection, which were subsequently submitted to analyses. Isotopic δ13C and δ15N enrichment was observed in all analyzed tissues, with the lowest detection level of 3% dietary inclusion of poultry offal meal.

Alocação diferencial do 13C em Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae - Caesalpinoideae) sob deficiência hídrica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Frangos de corte de produtores do estado de São Paulo: rastreabilidade da alimentação por δ13C e δ15N

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Isotopic analysis method (δ13C) in apple-flavoured soft drinks

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Método de análise isotópica (δ13C) e quantificação da percentagem de fonte C3 em sucos de uva comerciais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determinação da fase lactente-ruminante de cordeiros pela técnica do delta 13C

This study was conducted at University of Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, aiming to determine the phase of intake transition between exclusively liquid diet (milk) and diet based on milk, grass and/or ration by lambs by δ13C technique. Six Suffolk crossbreeding lambs were distributed in a totally random design (3x2), with two experimental groups and three replications. At the first one, lambs were penned and sucked milk from dams fed with C4 diet. besides, they had access to C3 ration in creep feeding, since their birth. At the second group, lambs were kept on a paddock with Tifton – 85 grass (C4 photosynthetic way) as well as their dams and had access to C3 ration in creep feeding, since their birth. The C3 ration contained soybean meal, ground oat grains, lucerne hay and also mineral salt. The penned lambs’ ration consumption overcame the milk intake at 30-35 days after birth; however, grazing lambs ingested more milk and pasture than ration until 40 days after birth. The δ 13C technique was considered effective on studies of lambs feeding behavior.

Estudo de adulteração em méis brasileiros através de razão isotópica do carbono

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar isotopicamente méis comercializados nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, para a detecção de fraude. Foram colhidas amostras comerciais com registro no Serviço de Inspeção Federal, Estadual ou Municipal. As amostras foram submetidas à combustão no Analisador Elementar EA 1108 CHN e analisadas no espectrômetro de massas de razão isotópica DELTA-S (Finningan Mat). Os valores isotópicos (δ13C) dos méis in natura foram comparados aos de suas respectivas proteínas (padrão interno). Foram consideradas adulteradas as amostras cuja diferença entre o valor isotópico da proteína e do mel foi igual ou inferior a -1 . As amostras consideradas adulteradas pela análise isotópica foram submetidas a testes químicos qualitativos que não foram capazes de indicar adulteração para algumas delas. Das 61 amostras analisadas, 18,0% encontram-se adulteradas, sendo 11,5% na Região Sudeste e 6,5% na Região Sul. Ao contrário dos testes químicos, a análise isotópica mostrou-se eficaz em identificar e quantificar a adulteração de méis comerciais.

Absorção e redistribuição de nitrogênio (15N) em Citrus mitis Bl

Com a avaliação da eficiência de uso do nitrogênio, tem-se melhor entendimento dos aspectos nutricionais e respostas à adubação. O presente ensaio teve por objetivo estudar a absorção e redistribuição de nitrogênio (15N) em Citrus mitis Bl.. As fontes de fertilizante utilizadas foram: sulfato de amônio, uréia, nitrato de cálcio e nitrato de potássio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Foram realizadas duas amostragens, aos 10 e 20 dias após a aplicação do adubo marcado, a fim de determinar os teores de N nas diferentes partes da planta. Através dos resultados, verificou-se que não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o peso de matéria seca e conteúdo de N nas plantas. A eficiência de absorção de N variou com a natureza do fertilizante nitrogenado e com a época de amostragem, ao passo que a redistribuição do N não foi afetada. A eficiência máxima de absorção do N variou de 14% (uréia) e 31% (sulfato de amônio), respectivamente, aos 10 e 20 dias após a aplicação do 15N.

Analysis of the molecular association of rifampicin with hydroxypropyl-²-cyclodextrin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Isotopic traceability in body tissues and in different breeding periods of broilers

Rastrearam-se a inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves (FV) em dietas de frangos por ocasião de eventual substituição de dieta contendo FV por dieta estritamente vegetal, e vice-versa, por isótopos estáveis de carbono e de nitrogênio. Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 192 pintos de um dia de idade, em 12 tratamentos com quatro repetições de quatro aves. Os tratamentos constituíam-se de dieta de vegetais (VG) passando para dietas contendo FV, após certa idade, ou o inverso, em que as aves começaram se alimentando de dieta FV e depois passaram para dieta VG. Aos 42 dias de idade, foram coletadas amostras de músculo peitoral (Pectoralis major), quilha e tíbia, para determinação das razões isotópicas (13C/12C e 15N/14N). A técnica dos isótopos estáveis somente não foi capaz de rastrear a utilização de FV na alimentação de frangos de corte, quando esse ingrediente fez parte da dieta das aves apenas nos primeiros sete, 14 ou 21 dias de idade. Entretanto, há a possibilidade da aplicação dessa técnica em aves mais jovens, amostradas antes de eventual mudança de dieta, pois elas podem ter a assinatura isotópica da alimentação estabilizada em torno de duas semanas de idade.