Realimentação da derivada dos estados em sistemas multivariáveis lineares usando LMIs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison among three approaches for evaluation of sexual precocity in Nellore cattle

Restricted breeding seasons used in beef cattle produce censored data for reproduction traits measured in regard to these seasons. To analyze these data, adequate methods must be used. The objective of this paper was to compare three approaches aiming to evaluate sexual precocity in Nellore cattle. The final data set contained 6699 records of age at first conception (AFC14) (in days) and of heifer pregnancy (HP14) (binary) obtained from females exposed to the bulls for the first time at about 14 months of age. Records of females that did not calve in the following year after being exposed to a sire were considered censored (77.5% of total). The models used to obtain genetic parameters and expected progeny differences (EPDs) were a Weibull mixed and a censored linear model for AFC14 and threshold model for HP14. The mean heritabilities obtained were 0.76 and 0.44, respectively, for survival and censored linear models (for AFC14), and 0.58 for HP14. Ranking and Pearson correlations varied (in absolute values) from 0.54 to 0.99 (considering different percentages of sires selected), indicating moderate changes in the classification. Considering survival analysis as the best selection criterion (that would result in the best response to selection), it was observed that selection for HP14 would lead to a more significant decrease in selection response if compared with selection for AFC14 analysed by censored linear model, from which results were very similar to the survival analysis.

Feedlot performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits in Nellore cattle selected for postweaning weight

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do sexo e do peso ao abate sobre a produção de carne de cordeiro. I. Velocidade de crescimento, caracteres quantitativos da carcaça, pH da carne e resultado econômico

Realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sexo (machos inteiros x fêmeas) e de quatro pesos ao abate (28, 32, 36 e 40 kg) sobre o desempenho, os caracteres da carcaça e resultados econômicos de cordeiros mestiços ½ Ile de France x ½ Corriedale, terminados em sistema de confinamento. Quarenta animais (20 machos e 20 fêmeas) foram desmamados aos 60 dias e alimentados à vontade com uma ração contendo 16,46% de PB e 67,63% de NDT. Foram divididos em quatro grupos de machos (G1M, G2M, G3M e G4M) e quatro grupos de fêmeas (G1F, G2F, G3F, e G4F), sacrificados, respectivamente, com os pesos supra citados. Determinaram-se o ganho médio de peso diário (GMPD), o peso do corpo vazio (PCV), os pesos de carcaça quente (PCQ) e fria (PCF), as perdas ao resfriamento (PR), os rendimentos comercial (RC) e verdadeiro (RV) e o pH da carne em três momentos. Observou-se efeito de sexo para GMPD, com superioridade dos machos. Houve efeito de peso ao abate sobre PCQ e PCF e também de sexo, tendo as fêmeas superado os machos em G3 e G4, para PCQ, e em G2, G3 E G4, para PCF. Constataram-se maiores valores de RC e RV para as fêmeas, em G3 e G4. Todos os grupos apresentaram-se similares em relação ao pH da carne, o qual descreveu uma curva dentro dos padrões esperados. O estudo econômico destacou G1M como tendo apresentado melhor conversão alimentar e maior renda líquida/animal. Entre as fêmeas, G1F foi o melhor, destacando-se as rendas líquidas negativas constatadas em G3F e G4F. Concluiu-se que o melhor peso ao abate foi 28 kg, tanto para os machos, como para as fêmeas. No caso dos machos, tolerar-se-ia o peso de 32 kg, apesar de ter propiciado renda líquida 12,8% inferior a G1M.

Parâmetros e tendências da produção de leite em bubalinos da raça Murrah no Brasil

Objetivou-se estimar os parâmetros e avaliar as tendências genética e fenotípica para a produção de leite ajustada aos 305 dias em bubalinos da raça Murrah nascidos no período de 1982 a 2003. Os parâmetros e os valores genéticos foram estimados por meio do aplicativo MTDFREML. A tendência genética foi estimada pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento, por duas metodologias: 1) regressão linear; 2) regressão por meio de polinômios articulados utilizando-se a função de alisamento spline. A herdabilidade e a repetibilidade estimadas foram de 0,20 e 0,36, respectivamente. As tendências (regressão linear) fenotípica e genética foram significativas e iguais a 32,86 e 0,85 kg/ano, respectivamente. O ganho genético foi positivo, constatando-se instabilidade na tendência genética no decorrer dos anos, com períodos de ganhos e outros de perdas genéticas. A maior parte do ganho observado em alguns períodos resultou de melhorias nas condições ambientais.

Study of stayability in Nellore cows using a threshold model

The objectives of the current study were to assess the feasibility of using stayability traits to improve fertility of Nellore cows and to examine the genetic relationship among the stayabilities at different ages. Stayability was defined as whether a cow calved every year up to the age of 5 (Stay5), 6 (Stay6), or 7 (Stay7) yr of age or more, given that she was provided the opportunity to breed. Data were analyzed based on a maximum a posteriori probit threshold model to predict breeding values on the liability scale, whereas the Gibbs sampler was used to estimate variance components. The EBV were obtained using all animals included in the pedigree or bulls with at least 10 daughters with stayability observations, and average genetic trends were obtained in the liability and transformed to the probability scale. Additional analyses were performed to study the genetic relationship among stayability traits, which were compared by contrasting results in terms of EBV and the average genetic superiority as a function of the selected proportion of sires. Heritability estimates and SD were 0.25 +/- 0.02, 0.22 +/- 0.03, and 0.28 +/- 0.03 for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. Average genetic trends, by year, were 0.51 +/- 0.34, and 0.38% for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. Estimates of EBV SD, in the probability scale, for all animals included in the pedigree and for bulls with at least 10 daughters with stayability observations were 7.98 and 12.95, 6.93 and 11.38, and 8.24 and 14.30% for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. A reduction in the average genetic superiorities in Stay7 would be expected if the selection were based on Stay5 or Stay6. Nonetheless, the reduction in EPD, depending on selection intensity, is on average 0.74 and 1.55%, respectively. Regressions of the sires' EBV for Stay5 and Stay6 on the sires' EBV for Stay7 confirmed these results. The heritability and genetic trend estimates for all stayability traits indicate that it is possible to improve fertility with selection based on a threshold analysis of stayability. The SD of EBV for stayability traits show that there is adequate genetic variability among animals to justify inclusion of stayability as a selection criterion. The potential linear relationship among stayability traits indicates that selection for improved female traits would be more effective by having predictions on the Stay5 trait.

Uso do óxido nítrico em pediatria

Objective: To review the literature on inhaled nitric oxide and to describe its main clinical applications in pediatrics. Sources of data: A 10 year literature review with selection of the most important publications on inhaled nitric oxide, using the Medline and Cochrane Systematic Review databases. Summary of the findings: This review was organized as follows: introduction; metabolism and biological effects; clinical applications; dosage, gas administration and weaning; precautions and side-effects. Inhaled nitric oxide use was described in persistent pulmonary hypertension and hypoxia of the newborn, acute respiratory distress syndrome, primary pulmonary hypertension, heart surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sickle cell anemia, and bronchospastic disease. Conclusions: Inhaled nitric oxide is a therapeutic approach with wide clinical applications in pediatrics. Its use is safe when administered in pediatric intensive care units under strict monitoring. As a pulmonary vasodilator, nitric oxide has beneficial effects on gas exchange and ventilation. Controlled trials, focusing on early gas administration should be performed under many clinical conditions, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Seleção simultânea de caracteres em progênies de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. bahamensis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variação genética para compostos bioquímicos em sementes de duas populações naturais de Genipa americana L.: 1-análises individuais e univariada

Brazil is one of the world's richest countries in forest biodiversity. This has a great importance for humanity for sheltering essential scientific potential for the improvement in the quality of living beings. It also contributes to the preservation of natural resources and the environment. Among Brazil's forest species, jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) is commonly found in riparian vegetation. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variability of biochemical traits of seeds, as a support for in situ and ex situ conservation of natural populations of G. americana L. Two populations of the species were studied: one from Ilha Solteira, SP region (ISA) and other from Mogi Guaçu, SP (MOG). In the ISA population, seeds were collected from 30 trees, and in the MOG population, from 22 trees. These seeds were analyzed for chemical composition: content of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and starch. The two populations of G. americana studied had a great genetic variation for these traits. The population ISA had an additive and phenotypic correlation, which was negative and high for starch with lipid; and positive and medium, for lipid with prolamine, as well as for globulin with prolamine. The population MOG presented additive and phenotypic correlations: positive and medium for gluteline with globulin. In these populations, narrow sense heritability estimates of progenies were moderate (0.69 for carbohydrates in the population ISA) to high (0.81 to 0.99 for the other traits in the two populations), indicating that much progress can be expected with selection strategies.

Exigência de treonina digestível para codornas de corte no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade

The digestible threonine (DThr) requirements for meat quails (Coturnix coturnix sp) during growing phase from 15 to 35 days of age were estimated, using 1,020 quails with 15 days of age, of both sexes, distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of digestible threonine-0.93; 1.00; 1.07; 1.14; 1.21 and 1.28% in diet, five replications and 34 quails per experimental unit. There was no effect on performance variables, carcass yield and chemical composition and nitrogen balance with the studied increase in digestible threonine levels. There was a linear increase in threonine intake and feed cost per kilogram of body weight gain with increasing levels of digestible threonine. It was concluded that the best level of threonine evaluated was sufficient to meet the requirements of meat quails, in the period from 15 to 35.

Genetic diversity among progenies of Crambe abyssinica Hochst for seed traits

Crambe is an important biofuel crop and its oil has unique traits such as high erucic acid content which can be used as industrial lubricant, corrosion inhibitor as well as ingredient in synthetic rubber manufacturing. Genetic diversity among 70 progenies of Crambe abyssinica Hochst selected from a population of FMS Brilhante cultivar was quantified by multivariate analysis for traits related to germination, thousand grain weight and oil content. There were significant differences among progenies for all traits studied. Estimation of genetic variance and heritability coefficients showed that the variability found in the progeny is more genetic than environmental which enables genetic gains with selection. Heritability coefficient varied from 68 to 79%, except for oil content and number of dead seedlings. Simple correlation analysis showed that germination and vigor were positively correlated, and thousand grain weight and oil content were not correlated with any of the seed traits. Based on multivariate analysis, the progenies could be grouped into 26 clusters. Clusters 1, 2 and 3 had the highest number of progeny with 7, 8 and 6 lineages, respectively. Clusters 21-26 had higher dissimilarity within the cluster with one in each progeny. The trait that most contributed to the cluster was the germination (36.2%) and less contributed was the number of seedlings killed (1.1%). The progenies indicate genetic diversity for seed traits and the selection of superior progenies is possible considering the studied traits. © 2013.

Expressão sexual em linhagens de mamona (Ricinus communis L.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resposta imune à infecção por Mycobacterium bovis em linhagens de camundongos geneticamente selecionados (Seleção IV-A)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Efeito da seleção massal na média e na variância genética da cultivar Al 25 de milho (Zea mays L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Conservação genética Ex Situ de populações naturais de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. em sistema silvipastoril

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS