300 resultados para Vigilância epidemiológica
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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The notification of the occurrence or suspicion of violence is mandatory for health professionals and is a key tool for epidemiological surveillance and the definition of public policies for prevention and intervention. However, professionals feel unprepared for this assignment, which renders underreporting prevalent. To address this issue, the objective is to identify the means available to the professional to submit notification as well as ensure due process follow-up. For this purpose, research and document analysis was conducted in Brazilian legislation, ordinances, and government programs, codes of ethics and consultation of the literature in databases on the subject over a period of five years to establish a brief comparative analysis with other countries. The conclusion drawn is that while some measures are inapplicable, knowledge about the appropriate process for the notification and routing to specific organs will enable healthcare professionals to make the appropriate decisions for the protection and safety of the victim, besides the measures in order to change this situation of violence in the country.
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Objective: to identify patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of dengue fever occurring in the city of Cruzeiro, state of Sao Paulo (SP).Methods: an ecological and exploratory study was undertaken using spatial analysis tools and data from dengue cases obtained on the SinanNet. The analysis was carried out by area, using the IBGE census sector as a unit. The months of March to June 2006 and 2011 were assessed, revealing progress of the disease. TerraView 3.3.1 was used to calculate the Global Moran's I, month to month, and the Kernel estimator.Results: in the year 2006, 691 cases of dengue fever (rate of 864.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants) were georeferenced; and the Moran's I and p-values were significant in the months of April and May (TM = 0.28; p = 0.01; I-M = 0.20; p = 0.01) with higher densities in the central, north, northeast and south regions. In the year 2011, 654 cases of dengue fever (rate of 886.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants) were georeferenced; and the Moran's I and p-values were significant in the months of April and May (I, = 0.28; p = 0.01; I-M = 0.16; p = 0.05) with densities in the same regions as 2006. The Global Moran's I is a global measure of spatial autocorrelation, which indicates the degree of spatial association in the set of information from the product in relation to the average. The I varies between -1 and +1 and can be attributed to a level of significance (p-value). The positive value points to a positive or direct spatial autocorrelation.Conclusion: we were able to identify patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of dengue cases occurring in the city of Cruzeiro, SP, and locate the census sectors where the outbreak began and how it evolved.
Diagnóstico de situação das práticas de manejo sanitário em sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte
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We interviewed 21 farmers in order to access which sanitary practices adopted in the production systems of beef cattle on farms located in São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rondonia. The survey was conducted through a qualitative approach to the collection of data obtained through questionnaire and personal interview with the landowners. We questioned the attitudes and sanitation procedures in these current production systems such as veterinary assistance, preventive health practices and disease surveillance, knowledge of health hazards for the safe production of food, animal feed, vaccine and immunizations, registration system, measures with newborns, products used in the environment and animals, grace period, employee training, destination of the dead animals, among others. Along with the data found that only 30% of properties had veterinary care, 67% said they meet the expiration dates of the products, although it was not mentioned on the products if there were any. In only 48% of properties were veterinarians who prescribed drugs to animals. Only two of the owners confirmed buying and using expired products in animals and only 48% have received some training on the property. In this setting, it is evident that farmers should be better prepared for insertion of its products in a highly demanding and competitive market. In this context, add value to the product depends mainly on the condition of sanitation of the herds.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Objective: to describe the profile of non-fatal cases related to interpersonal violence treated in an emergency care unit of reference that serves seven municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2008 to 2010. Methods: the study data came from the cases reported from the Epidemiological Vigilance in Penápolis-SP to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases; variables were shown according to the Notification/Investigation Individual Formulary of Domestic, Sexual, and/or other Types of Violences. Results: 109 occurrences were studied; most of the victims were young and female (93.6%); and the aggressors, mostly were men (57.8%), partners or relatives/acquaintances of victims. Physical violence was the main form of aggression (93.6%), principally in the home (67.9%), on Sunday (16.5%), between 6:01pm and 12:00pm (57.8%). Conclusion: the cases reported had a consistent profile of domestic family violence against women, different from other studies about interpersonal violence in large cities and metropolitan regions
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Milk is considered a nutritionally complete food but it is also an excellent substrate for microbial growth. Therefore, it may pose a risk to consumers’ health. The aim of this study was to collect data on the occurrence of gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by the intake of milk and dairy products in the state of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2010. The data were collected from the records on foodborne illness outbreaks kept by the Division of Waterborne and Foodborne Diseases of the Center for Epidemiological Surveillance of the Department of Health of the State of São Paulo. A total of 239 outbreaks were notifi ed. They involved 2.418 cases related to the consumption of dairy products during the study period. The etiological agents were identifi ed in 79 outbreaks (33.0%). They were mostly bacteria (84.8%), especially Staphylococcus aureus. Most outbreaks occurred at home (59.4%) and during the months of January (14.2%) and July (12.5%). Most (24.1%) of the affected individuals aged 20 to 49 years. The results shows the need of better manufacturing and handling practices, as well as increasing the awareness of the population and relevant agencies about the importance of notifying cases and implementing preventive measures to ensure food safety.
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Objective: to evaluate the standardization of vaccination rooms in the Municipality of Marília, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: descriptive and exploratory study, realized in 2008-2009; the instrument used was the Supervision in Vaccination Rooms, of the Ministry of Health; variables analyzed were general aspects of the vaccination room, technical procedures, cold chain, information system, post-vaccination adverse events, special immunobiologicals, epidemiological surveillance and health education; the score achieved classifies the room (90.0-100.0% = ideal; 76.0-89.0% = good; 50.0-75.0% = fair; <50.0% = insufficient); overall index for each point was calculated as the average score of all rooms. Results: technical procedures, information system, post-vaccination adverse events and special immunobiologicals were scored as ideal; cold chain, epidemiological surveillance and health education were scored as good; and to general aspects of the vaccination room, the evaluation was fair. Conclusion: general index for vaccination rooms in the municipality was considered ideal.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Neste artigo, estamos procurando recuperar alguns estudos de Goffman, lidos a partir das discussões atuais da análise institucional, das contribuições de Michel Foucault relativas à microfísica do poder e das investigações de alguns pesquisadores quanto à produção de subjetividade nas instituições de Saúde Coletiva. Goffman, apesar de não estar munido dos recursos teóricos de tais pesquisadores, já era capaz de explicitar em suas análises muito mais do que provavelmente imaginava articular. Acreditamos que Goffman já produz acuradas cartografias do dispositivo manicomial, descrevendo toda uma geografia do poder na instituição total, atento aos detalhes da rotina cotidiana. Suas investigações da dimensão intrainstitucional desses dispositivos continuam atuais e eficazes para a compreensão da produção da subjetividade no contexto institucional. Também encontramos muitas ressonâncias notáveis entre Goffman e Foucault.
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O estudo pretende identificar características demográficas e epidemiológicas em homens com câncer de próstata, atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu/UNESP, entre 01/01/2000 e 31/01/2003. Foram colhidos dados em 78 de 94 prontuários, observando-se escolaridade, uso de tabaco, estado civil, idade, diagnóstico e sintomatologia. Utilizou-se metodologia quantitativa associada à estatística descritiva. Foram encontrados 50% com 1º grau incompleto, 27,39% não tabagistas, 87% casados, 43% entre 64 e 73 anos. Observou-se que 27,58% foram diagnosticados em 2000, sendo 63,20% aposentados e 20,70% com sintoma de jato urinário fraco. Apenas 20% tinham realizado exames preventivos e, desses, 77,90% possuíam 1º grau incompleto. O estudo foi feito nesse hospital por ser considerado de referência terciária da Direção Regional de Saúde de Botucatu -DIR XI¹. da amostra, 80% procuraram o serviço apresentando sintomas, o que leva a crer que ainda haja falta de orientação da população quanto ao câncer de próstata, principalmente quanto à incidência e prevalência relacionadas à idade, como fator de risco. O estudo evidencia subsídios para um melhor direcionamento da assistência a esses pacientes, permitindo um diagnóstico precoce e conseqüente possibilidade de cura, além da melhora na qualidade de vida.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico das fichas de notificação registradas no Centro de Referência de Saúde do Trabalhador de Londrina, traçando um perfil dos profissionais acidentados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através de um levantamento nas 253 fichas de notificação de acidentes com material biológico que foram encaminhadas das instituições de saúde da área de abrangência ao Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do município de Londrina-PR, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2006. Os dados foram processados e tabulados eletronicamente, utilizando-se o programa Epi Info, de domínio público. RESULTADOS: Das 253 fichas de notificação de acidentes com material biológico analisadas, verificou-se que 92,5% foram causados por objetos perfuro-cortantes e 39,5% ocorreram em auxiliares de enfermagem. Constatou-se também que 73,5% eram do sexo feminino, 24,1% ocorreram em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, 74,3% encontravam-se com situação vacinal para Hepatite B atualizada e 49,8% ocorreram na rede pública de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Com o levantamento do perfil dos profissionais acidentados com exposição a material biológico, o CEREST Londrina identificou que a profissão mais atingida foram os auxiliares de enfermagem, as mulheres, e que grande parte dos acidentes ocorreram nas UBSs com material perfuro-cortante. Mostrou-se que coletores de lixo passaram a fazer parte das profissões envolvidas nos acidentes.
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São apresentados dados de atualização epidemiológica, clínica, diagnóstica e terapêutica relativos à paracoccidioidomicose. Discute-se a importância epidemiológica resultante do isolamento do Paracoccidioides brasiliensis a partir do tatu (Dasypus novemcinctus) em regiões do Brasil e Colômbia, assim como dos resultados de inquéritos soroepidemiológicos em cães e do surgimento do primeiro caso de paracoccidioidomicose doença em cão. As dificuldades de isolamento do fungo a partir do solo são correlacionadas com novos informes de investigação epidemiológica. São apresentados aspectos clínicos das manifestações da forma aguda da doença, assim como das manifestações da neuroparacoccidioidomicose e da enfermidade associada à infecção pelo HIV. Discute-se o papel da sorologia e da técnica da PCR no diagnóstico e dos possíveis avanços no tratamento da paracoccidioidomicose com os novos derivados triazólicos.