Tosse, uma visão do otorrinolaringologista.

Persistent cough leads individuals to seek for medical assistance. Clinical investigation, however, may not reveal any alteration within the clinic's sphere of action. Often enough, some professionals treat the symptom as a disease, introducing several medicines, unsuccessfully. The author's experience, as an otolaryngologist, allows to state that many of these professionals ignore the upper aerodigestive tract as a cough-generator site. The present work discusses the alterations on the mentioned tract, which may provoke the cough reflex, reviewing, initially, the cough mechanism and the localization of the specific receptors. Cough is produce by stimulus at the receptor level or far from it. In upper and lower parts of the aerodigestive tract secretions may run to several directions. Secretion from the paranasal sinus is a frequent cause of cough. Acute sinusitis may occur insidiously bringing about the chronification of the inflammation with cough being the only great apparent symptom. Nasal and dental alterations favor sinusal infection. Signs and symptoms, even if minimum, may be detected through an accurate anamnesis. Nasal allergy, laryngitis, post nasal dripping and septal deviation may also produce cough. The ORL examination is, therefore, imperative, and no radiologic examination can substitute for it. An inadequate treatment, particularly of the sinusitis, may bring about a worsening and extension of the initial condition.

Abuso sexual, transtornos mentais e doencas fisicas

Objective: to review and describe the different organic and psychic consequences of sexual abuse. Methodology: 71 papers were sorted in a ten-year literature search (1987-1997) in MedLine and Lilacs (South American Literature Index), besides 14 books in the subject. Results: sexual abuse is much less frequent (or less reported) in Brazil: 7% of the population, while in the USA the prevalence is 12.9% to 28% of women and 2% to 9% of men. Results showed women being more frequently sexually abused but less differences in physical abuse were found between genders. There was a significant association between sexual abuse and the following: eating disorders, depression, irritable bowel, chronic pain (mainly pelvic), neurological, rheumatic and venereal disorders. This association was not observed in chronic constipation, Chron disease and dissociative disorders. Conclusions: although it is important to think of sexual/physical abuse as a predisposing factor to several illnesses, caution is necessary specially in cultures with different moral and ethical values. Research in this subject in Brazil should be conducted with patients in treatment, using control groups, in order to take advantage of the existing rapport. It would be also quite important to separate acute and chronic abuse effects, as well as getting to know the meaning of the experienced abuse to each person.

Atividades psiquiátricas no campo dos transtornos devidos ao uso de substâncias psicoativas

There are a large number of institutions, proposals and publications in the field of disorders resulting from the use of psychoactive substances. There is no corresponding progress in results obtained in clinical treatments. Concepts and appropriate points of view are indispensable. The vision of the world drug addicts is not only determined by the biochemical effects of intoxication, but also by the experience they go through, by their own way of living. By accepting such postulate, we may conceptualize the problem, thus benefiting research studies and more efficient treatments. Preventing intoxication, upon the onset of dependence, depends on educational, social, legal and other measures, which can neither be studied nor practiced by medicine.

Multiplicadores reflexivos: Uma experiância do Instituto Familiae junto ao Grupo de Assistância em Transtornos Alimentares (GRATA) do HC-FMRP-USP

This article describes the Reflecting Practitioners Program developed by Instituto Familiae at GRATA (Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares) placed at the Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - University of Sao Paulo (HC-FMRP-USP). The aim of this program was to take care of the caretakers - the GRATA interdisciplinary team - through the development of their reflecting ability, the appropriation of their own resources and the support on constructing alternative histories and on solving situations defined by them as problematic. Thirteen monthly meeting had been carried out among Familiae members and GRATA interdisciplinary team. The changes described by the participants had occurred through sessions developed with interdisciplinary pairs and through the development of their capacity to construct more comfortable positions - as members of the team and in the relationship among professional/client/ family. This triad became to be seen by the team through its resources and abilities, instead of its flaws and lacks. As a result, horizontal relationships could be privileged instead of hierarchical ones.

A família do paciente em situação crônica de vida: a visão de enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino

This exploratory descriptive study, of qualitative nature had the purpose to study how the nurses from a hospital school see the family as care participants. Six nurses from clinics of chronically ill patients were interviewed. The data analysis allowed to infer that the nurses had only little knowledge of the family's thematic during graduation, making the relationship with the accompanying families very difficult. Daily care during hospitalization period is marked by easy moments when members are willing to participate in the process, and by difficulties when they attempt to break institutional rules. It was suggested that new nurses have theoretical foundation to attend the family in several scenarios of care. It was considered the need of investments in professional training, and that the advance of humanization of services implies in exchange and integration of knowledge among patients, family members, health professionals, support staff and managers beyond the science field.

Apatia na doença de alzheimer: Contribuição para uma visão clínica da progressão da demência

In addition to cognitive impairment, apathy is increasingly recognized as an important neuropsychiatric syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims: To identify the relationship between dementia severity and apathy levels, and to discuss the association of this condition with other psychopathological manifestations in AD patients. Methods: This study involved 15 AD patients (mean age: 77 years; schooling: 4.9 years), with mild, moderate and severe dementia, living in Rio Claro S P, Brazil. Procedures included evaluation of cognitive status by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating, and Global Deterioration Scale. Apathy syndrome was assessed by the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-apathy domain). Other psychopathological manifestations such as depression were also considered. Results: Patients with more severe dementia presented higher levels of apathy, reinforcing the hypothesis that apathy severity aggravates as the disease progresses. Using the Spearman coefficient correlation an association was identified between the MMSE and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.63; p=0.01), and also between the MMSE and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Associations were also found between the Global Deterioration Scale and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.58; p=0.02), and between the Global Deterioration Scale and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Conclusions: Apathy is a distinct syndrome among patients with AD and increases with global deterioration.

Concepções de surdez: A visão do surdo que se comunica em língua de sinais

At this time, diverse views on deafness are present in society. Such views, in general, arecharacterized by theoretical disputes between communicative possibilities - either oral or gestural - based onthe importance of having appropriated oneself of a language code for the development of language, which isessential in the constitution of subjectivity of human beings. Thus, this study aimed to identify the conceptionsof deaf people had about their condition. To collect the data we used semi-structured interviews, applied toten participants who were deaf adult users of the Brazilian Sign Language - Libras. The interviews were taped,transcribed and subjected to content analysis. The results indicate that the conceptions of deafness constitute amultifaceted view on this condition, infl uenced by social relations throughout each person's life trajectories. Theresearchers perceived that learning Libras enabled deaf persons to constitute their own assertiveness as someonewho is different, with different needs.

Intervenções em linguagem escrita: Uma revisão da literatura com vistas à redução dos transtornos funcionais de aprendizagem

The importance reading and writing and being able to use these skills in a variety of situations is an absolute reality. In our society in which reading and writing are widely used, Brazil still faces severe problems with literacy, as revealed in literacy statistics and in the large number of students with learning disabilities. Thus, our text aims to present a survey of the research that focuses on intervention programs highlighting the needs of this group, with special attention on the use of narrative or storytelling. Specific criteria were established, the main one being the period of the publications (2000 to 2010). The results of the analysis of 15 texts showed that intervention is the most neglected area. International literature presents concerns related to scientific rigor or greater control of variables related to ongoing programs, as well as measures for generalizing the effective use of these programs, within verbal communities, with special focus on schools. Our revision enabled us to conclude that, even though production on written language is large, international literature is much more expressive with reference to intervention programs. Furthermore, in both national and international literature, production concerning the understanding of written language processes of acquisition and development prevails.

O processo de (re)construção da teoria do conceito no domínio de Organização do Conhecimento: Uma visão dialógica

The search for a dialogical interpretation on the concept theory is the purpose of this paper. It uses the concept of dialogism, proposed by Bakhtin, which refers to the interaction occurring among the social actors in the process of (re)construction of language. Starting from the analysis of texts on concept theory authored by Dahlberg, Hjorland, Tennis and Tennis and Sutton, the convergent, divergent and complementary aspects related to the concepts advocated by the authors are discussed. The analysis revealed that, although these concepts have been built individually, they are reflections of distinct currents of thought and of the historical moments that have influenced each author's ideas. It can be argued, therefore, that the studied concepts were developed on dialogue with other authors and among themselves.

Identificação precoce do risco para transtornos da atenção e da leitura em sala de aula

In this his study the accuracy was investigated of collective pedagogical activities, based on phonological judgments by matching figures and figures to spoken words, to identify students at risk for reading and/or attention disorders. Forty-five second graders (mean age of 7 years, 29 males) were divided into two groups, a control group, without reading difficulties (n=32), and an at-risk group, with reading difficulties (n=13). The low-achievement on these collective activities, defined by scores more than 1.65 SD below the mean of the control group, presented good sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (true negatives) in the early identification of at risk students.

Cine'stesia: uma visão crítica no fazer e pensar cinema

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O cristo no terceiro milênio: a visão plástica da arte sacra atual de Cláudio Pastro

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

A preparação e a execução de tarefa de alcance ao alvo em crianças com transtornos do desenvolvimento da coordenação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Papel da visão no controle locomotor durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculos de diferentes alturas em idosos com doença de Parkinon e idosos sadios

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC