Educação ambiental e educação em valores em livros didáticos de ciências naturais

Os valores têm sido considerados importante conteúdo de ensino, sobretudo ao tratarmos de certas temáticas, como a ambiental. Procurando analisar o tratamento dado à dimensão valorativa da temática ambiental em três coleções de Ciências Naturais voltadas às séries finais do Ensino Fundamental verificamos a predominância da visão antropocêntrica, sendo a natureza valorizada em função de sua utilidade para o ser humano. O predomínio da valorização do conhecimento científico em detrimento de outras formas de conhecimento, da ação humana individual em detrimento da coletiva e a simples apresentação de leis ambientais foram outros aspectos problemáticos encontrados. Uma das coleções, entretanto, além de valorizar o trabalho coletivo dos alunos, também se destacou pela maior ênfase dada à dimensão estética, implicando uma visão de mundo menos utilitarista e um tratamento mais adequado do conteúdo valorativo da temática ambiental.

O pro-álcool e algumas relações CTS concebidas por alunos de 6ª série do ensino fundamental

A crescente degradação do meio ambiente e o reconhecimento, por parte da sociedade contemporânea, da existência de problemas considerados críticos, acentuadamente a questão energética, intensifica a preocupação em incorporar nas atividades de ensino aspectos da relação do ser humano com o ambiente. A necessidade de abordar, durante atividades de ensino de ciências, questões relacionadas com a dimensão valorativa e aspectos da relação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade passa a ser reconhecida tanto por educadores de maneira geral quanto por especialistas da área, de maneira particular. O movimento Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) como um conjunto de propostas para o ensino de ciências é uma conseqüência concreta desta tendência. No caso do Brasil são poucas as pesquisas em ensino de ciências que exploram essa possibilidade e são poucas as experiências em termos de trabalhos em sala de aula que abordam esta questão. Este trabalho, realizado entre maio e novembro de 1996, sistematiza os dados coletados em uma classe de 6ª série do ensino fundamental que teve como tema de estudos o Projeto Pro-Álcool. Foi planejado e desenvolvido um conjunto de atividades, utilizando-se de um número bastante diversificado de procedimentos didáticos. Os resultados de pesquisa indicam que, um trabalho que ofereça aos alunos oportunidades de discussões e reflexões, a partir de procedimentos e material didático diversificado e rico em termos de solicitações e propostas aos alunos, pode promover a incorporação, em sala de aula, de diferentes dimensões relacionadas com a ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente.

Group size and composition of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Van Bénèden, 1864) in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Laboratório de História e meio ambiente: estratégia institucional na formação continuada de historiadores

Apresentação de proposta de ação institucional e seus fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos para a formação de professores de História. Enfoque na elaboração de material didático, nas atividades de ensino e aprendizagem e na avaliação sobre as questões ambientais presentes no conhecimento histórico escolar, nas práticas de pesquisa e educação ambiental. As experiências foram desenvolvidas em 2002-2003 pelo projeto História e Meio Ambiente: estudo das formas de viver, sentir e pensar o mundo natural na América portuguesa e no Império do Brasil (1550-1889), junto ao Núcleo de Ensino da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras da Unesp, em Assis/SP.

The reliability of experts' opinions in constructing a composite environmental index: The case of ESI 2005

The complexity of the environment demands a well-constructed composite environmental index (CEI) to provide a useful tool to draw attention to environmental conditions and trends for policy purposes. Among the common difficulties in constructing a proper CEI are uncertainties due to the selection of the most representative underlying variables or indicators. A degree of uncertainty accompanies experts' judgments, and to deal with vague, subjective or inconsistent information, logic other than classic is required. This study analyzes a procedure that uses different experts' opinions in constructing a CEI. with the use of paraconsistent annotated logic. For this, a sensitivity analysis of the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI 2005) was used as an example to assess the reliability of experts' opinions. The uncertainty due to the disagreement in experts' opinions clearly indicates that the forms we presently use to measure and monitor the actual environment are insufficient, that is, there is a lack of a "science of sustainability". (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of neighborhood impacts caused by companies of the high-tech industrial cluster of São Carlos, SP, Brazil

The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for evaluating neighborhood impacts using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and to apply the procedures to the companies of the High-Technology Industrial Cluster of São Carlos. To this end, an evaluation was made of the neighborhood impacts on the physical environment, urban components, quality of life, and urban infrastructure using impact matrices, and the impacts were assigned scores according to type, order, magnitude and duration. Fifty one companies were examined based on data provided by the companies themselves and on field surveys. The impacts are represented spatially in proportional symbols maps, based on the spatial distribution of the companies in the urban area of the city of São Carlos and the areas of influence of each company. The application of the proposed methodology served to validate it and indicated that the neighborhood impacts caused by the companies of this study are related to each company's type of activity, its size, and its occupation of the area. © 2008 Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering (JUEE). All rights reserved.

Diagnóstico ambiental do rio corumbataí em trecho urbano do município de rio claro, SP

The environmental analysis is an important tool used in forecasting and mitigation of environmental problems. Focusing on the occupation of marginal areas of the Corumbataí River in an urban stretch in the city of Rio Claro (SP), this study aimed to gather information on situations of risk, both to the environment and the population, verified in that area. Through field observation and in specific studies, the geological and geotechnical aspects, the characteristics of surface waters and aspects of urbanization were analyzed. The results show that the environmental problems diagnosed are related to lack of planning in the occupation of the area. Moreover, the natural characteristics of the physical environment expose people to risks such as floods and soil slides.

Aplicação de técnica de geoprocessamento em áreas degradadas de mata ciliar e sua correlação com qualidade da água numa subbacia hidrográfica

Studying the physical environment of a watershed is the basic condition for a successful planning of the riparian forest preservation, and for water production and conservation. The aims of the present study were to analyze and quantify the spatial and temporal evolution (1984 and 2010) using Landsat-5 satellite images of Cintra Stream sub-watershed, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, processed by the software IDRISI Andes, as well as to analyze the water quality through the parameters pH, EC, DO and BOD5 at 4 different sites in the years 1999, 2008 and 2009. Considering the 1076.48ha area of the sub-watershed, the pasture class of 1984 was reduced by 25.55% in 2010, resulting in an increase in the remaining classes. The most important class was native forest and reforestation since it had an increase of 5.08%, which indicates recovery of the riparian forest. Degraded areas were identified close to the inferior limit of the sub-watershed (P3 and P4), as well as local contamination (P1 and P2) with worsening of the water quality in the remaining sites in the periods 2008 and 2009. Recovery and management of the ecological succession of degraded areas and water quality monitoring at 1 and 2 sites will be necessary to reestablish the natural condition of the area studied.

Environmental light color affects the stress response of Nile tilapia

We investigated the effects of environmental light colors (blue, yellow and white) on the stress responses (measured by changes in ventilatory frequency - VF) of Nile tilapia to confinement. After 7 days of light treatment, the VF was similar for fish in each color. On the 8th day, fish were confined for 15. min. After release, the post-confinement VF was measured six times (first period: 0, 2 and 4. min; second period: 6, 8 and 10. min). Irrespective of the light color treatment, confinement increased the VF to higher levels during the first post-confinement period than during the second one. When color was analyzed, irrespective of time, fish under white light increased their VF post-confinement, and blue light prevented this effect. We conclude that blue light is the preferred color for Nile tilapia in terms of reducing stress. This finding is in contrast to previous choice test studies that indicated that yellow is their preferred color. © 2012 Elsevier GmbH.

Ideas of four-fermion operators in hadron physics

Four-fermion operators have been utilized in the past to link the quarkexchange processes in the interaction of hadrons with the effective mesonexchange amplitudes. In this paper, we apply the similar idea of Fierz rearrangement to the electromagnetic processes and focus on the electromagnetic form factors of nucleon and electron. We explain the motivation of using four-fermion operators and discuss the advantage of this method in computing electromagnetic processes.

Social and environmental indexes to determine the impacts of closed neighbourhoods in Brazil

São Paulo State, in Brazil, is getting increasingly crowded, like in other third world countries around the world, so should give great importance to city development. This work considered the phenomenon of closed neighbourhoods (CN) as an important factor to city planning, papers report many impacts of this model of neighbourhoods in other countries, but in Brazil its impacts are not yet well listed in the literature. The aim of this work was to determine indicators to achieve the social and environmental performances and verify their applicability on three different closed neighbourhoods in São Paulo state, Brazil. The indicators were condensed on indexes: water management, waste management, energy and emissions, legal compliance, environment and buildings, risk management, health and education and governance. The preliminary results indicated several social and environmental problems in all indexes. © 2013 WIT Press.

Atlas ambiental como subsídio aos estudos de sustentabilidade - a bacia do Araçuaí no Vale do Jequitinhonha - MG

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ergonomia e avaliação pós-ocupação (APO): a relação entre ambiente, usuário e atividade: uma contribuição da ergonomia aos estudos da Arquitetura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Meio ambiente e agricultura na microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Palmitalzinho - Regente Feijó/São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação ambiental e o trabalho com valores: um estudo de caso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)