Determination of carbofuran and diuron in FIA system using electrochemical sensor modified with organometallic complexes and graphene oxide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Quantum-classical correspondence and the role of the dipole function in molecular dissociation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

RESPONSE OF CORN GROWN IN TILLAGE SYSTEM FOR THE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN DOSES IN A SEQUENCE OF PLANT COVER

The use of cover crops can produce large amounts of biomass, improving the cycling of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, promoting productivity gains and cost savings. Given this, the objective was to evaluate the use of N rates associated to cover crops grown in pre-harvest nutritional status, nitrogen accumulation and corn yield in both years. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisol with maize, no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block, split plot with four replications. The main treatments were: six cropping systems (sun hemp, jack bean, lablab, millet, and velvet bean fallow) in secondary treatments: four doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha(-1) N). Corn yield was not affected by the type of coverage for pre-season, regardless of the nitrogen applied in the soil. Still, the use of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil promotes gains in grain yield in the first year of cultivation, regardless of the type of coverage in pre-season. In the first year (2006/2007) the species of coverage produced more biomass were velvet bean, jack bean, sun hemp and lablab, while in the second year (2007/08) were the sun hemp, millet, lablab, jack bean and velvet bean, respectively.

Plant density in production of mini lettuce cultivars in organic system management

Production of mini vegetables in organic system is a good alternative to improve profit, but there are no researches about the optimum plant density for these cultivars in Brazilian conditions. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the production of mini lettuce cultivars in different plant densities. Experiment 1 was conducted from January 1th (sowing) to February 10th (harvesting), 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with six treatments in factorial scheme, 3 mini lettuce cultivars (Tudela, Renoir and Sartre) x 2 spacing between plants (16 and 20 cm), with eight replications and plots (2.04 m(2)) with six rows, spaced 15 cm. Experiment 2 was conducted from June 6th (sowing) to July 18th (harvesting), 2012. The cultivars Sartre and Renoir were evaluated under four plant densities (444,444; 333,333; 266,667 and 200,000 plants ha(-1), corresponding to spacing of 15x15, 15x20, 25x15 and 25x20 cm, respectively). Eight treatments were defined by a factorial scheme 2 (cultivars) x 4 (plant densities) and arranged in a completely randomized block design, with nine replications and plots with 2.04 m2. The evaluated characteristics in both experiments were total and marketable fresh weight per plant, plant dry weight, plant diameter and height, marketable yield and discard percentage. In first experiment, during the summer, cultivar Sartre showed the highest marketable fresh weight (72 g plant(-1)). Heaviest plants (91.6 g plant(-1)) were obtained with the higher plant spacing, but the highest yield (2.51 kg m(-2)) was obtained with the smaller spacing. In winter, plants with higher total (190 g plant(-1)) and marketable (146 g planta(-1)) fresh weight were obtained with cultivar Sartre, and the same was observed in low plant density. However, the higher plant density, the higher the yield.

Structural and functional insights into the conductive pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens revealed in molecular dynamics simulations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biochemical changes during the induction of mineral stress in plants of bell pepper cultivated in fertigation system

The greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).

Estudo de composições vítreas no sistema ternário Ga-Ge-Te para o armazenamento de dados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Characterization of the reversible photoinduced optical changes in Sb-based glasses

Changes occurring in absorption coefficients when glasses in the SbPO4-WO3 binary system were irradiated by light, at the edge of the absorption band, were measured in real time. These glasses present good thermal and optical properties and photoinduced changes in the absorption coefficients are reversible by heat treatment around 150 degrees C. Subsequent recording/erasing cycles could be made without sample degradation. The sensitivity of the induced optical changes was studied for different wavelengths, light powers and energy of light dose exposures, and for different compositions of the glasses. The changes in the absorption coefficients of the glass samples were accompanied by a color change from yellow to blue, and were also characterized by visible spectroscopy. The color changes occurred through the entire volume of the glass (similar to 2 mm thickness) for the Ar-ion laser lines at the edge of the absorption band. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photoinduced structural changes in antimony polyphosphate based glasses

A photocontraction effect in amorphous films of the binary glass system 0.20 [Sb(PO3)(3)](n)-0.80 Sb2O3 has been observed after UV irradiation using the 350.7 nm Kr+ ion laser line with 5.0 W/cm(2). Good optical quality films up to 4.0 mum were deposited on silica substrates at room temperature in vacuum by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and characterized using WDX, XRD, optical absorption, infrared reflectance, profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Very stable glasses were prepared by the melt quenching technique and used as evaporation source for the production of films. The photoinduced structural change (PSC) was observed as a variation of about 6% in the film thickness and this effect is accompanied by a photobleaching of the irradiated area with a blue shift of the optical absorption edge. Otherwise this photoinduced change in the film thickness is very sensitive to the variations in the shape and intensity of the laser beam; therefore several possibilities in optical recording arise from these results. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Stochastic simulation of time-series models combined with geostatistics to predict water-table scenarios in a Guarani Aquifer System outcrop area, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Economic valuation of collecting water to billing in the aspersion irrigated bean in the no tillage system and conventional crop

The law's project n.676/2000 approved the collecting of billing water for farmers in a maximum foreseen value of US$ 0.01 m(-3) of extracted water in the São Paulo State. As the irrigated agriculture is the activity that consumes more water, the farmers profitability can be affected. This work was to analyze the economic impact of billing water in the aspersion irrigated bean crop to consider the system of conventional production and no tillage system in the Paranapanema municipal district, São Paulo State, Brazil. The indicators used to analyze the economic results were unit variable cost, market price and unit profitability. The results showed that for the aspersion irrigated bean crop in conventional system, the participation of cost to the recourse water in cost variable totality was of 2.5% and in no tillage system the participation was of 2.2%. The fall of profitability just the billing water in conventional crop system and in no tillage system was US$ 0.01 kg(-1).

Potassium cycling in a corn-brachiaria cropping system

Growing corn mixed with forage crops can be an alternative for pasture and Mulch production during relatively dry winters in tropical areas, making no-till feasible in some regions. However, little is known about nutrient dynamics in this cropping system. The objective of the present work was to evaluate K dynamics in a production system in which corn was either grown as a sole crop or mixed with Brachiaria brizantha. In the second year of the experiment, nitrogen rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg ha(-1) were applied to the system. Dry matter yields and potassium contents in the soil, as well as residues and plants were determined at corn planting and harvest. Potassium balance in the system was calculated. Corn grain yield in mixed crop responded up to 200 kg ha(-1) N. The introduction of brachiaria in the system resulted in higher amounts of straw on the soil Surface and higher K recycling. Soil exchangeable K balance showed an excess K for both N rates only in the mixed system, however, when non-exchangeable K was also included in calculations, excess K was found in both mixed and sole corn systems. Large amounts of non-exchangeable K were taken up in the system involving brachiaria, which showed a considerable capacity in recycling K, increasing its contents in the surface soil layer. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In vitro drug permeation from chitosan pellets

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seasonal metabolic changes in a year-round reproductively active subtropical tree-frog (Hypsiboas prasinus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tendency towards homogenization in fish assemblages in the cascade reservoir system of the Tiete river basin, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)