The sl(2) affine Toda model coupled to the matter: solitons and confinement

The so-called conformal affine Toda theory coupled to the matter fields (CATM), associated to the (s) over capl(2) affine Lie algebra, is studied. The conformal symmetry is fixed by setting a connection to zero, then one defines an off-critical model, the affine Toda model coupled to the matter (ATM). Using the dressing transformation method we construct the explicit forms of the two-soliton classical solutions, and show that a physical bound soliton-antisoliton pair (breather) does not exist. Moreover, we verify that these solutions share some features of the sine-Gordon (massive Thirring) solitons, and satisfy the classical equivalence of topological and Noether currents in the ATM model. We show, using bosonization techniques that the ATM theory decouples into a sine-Gordon model and a free scalar. Imposing the Noether and topological currents equivalence as a constraint, one can show that the ATM model leads to a bag model like mechanism for the confinement of the color charge inside the sine-Gordon solitons (baryons).

Coulomb gauge quark model, vacuum condensates and high density quark matter

We consider here a Coulomb gauge quark model which includes an explicit construct for a nontrivial vacuum structure in QCD at finite density. Non-perturbative renormalization of ultraviolet diverges is performed by adding counterterms. The equation of state for u and d quark matter at zero temperature is calculated in the Hartree-Fock approximation.

Consequences of dark matter-dark energy interaction on cosmological parameters derived from type Ia supernova data

Models where the dark matter component of the Universe interacts with the dark energy field have been proposed as a solution to the cosmic coincidence problem, since in the attractor regime both dark energy and dark matter scale in the same way. In these models the mass of the cold dark matter particles is a function of the dark energy field responsible for the present acceleration of the Universe, and different scenarios can be parametrized by how the mass of the cold dark matter particles evolves with time. In this article we study the impact of a constant coupling delta between dark energy and dark matter on the determination of a redshift dependent dark energy equation of state w(DE)(z) and on the dark matter density today from SNIa data. We derive an analytical expression for the luminosity distance in this case. In particular, we show that the presence of such a coupling increases the tension between the cosmic microwave background data from the analysis of the shift parameter in models with constant w(DE) and SNIa data for realistic values of the present dark matter density fraction. Thus, an independent measurement of the present dark matter density can place constraints on models with interacting dark energy.

Mean-field model for the interference of matter-waves from a three-dimensional optical trap

Using the mean-field time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the formation of a repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate on a combined optical and harmonic traps in two and three dimensions and subsequent generation of the interference pattern upon the removal of the combined traps as in the experiment by, Greiner et al. [Nature (London 415 (2002) 39]. For optical traps of moderate strength, interference pattern of 27 (9) prominent bright spots is found to be formed in three. (two) dimensions on a cubic (square) lattice in agreement with experiment. Similar interference pattern can also be formed upon removal of the optical lattice trap only. The pattern so formed can oscillate for a long time in the harmonic trap which can be observed experimentally. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Quark clustering and chiral symmetry breaking in nuclear matter

Chiral symmetry breaking at finite baryon density is usually discussed in the context of quark matter, i.e. a system of deconfined quarks. Many systems like stable nuclei and neutron stars however have quarks confined within nucleons. In this paper we construct a Fermi sea of three-quark nucleon clusters and investigate the change of the quark condensate as a function of baryon density. We study the effect of quark clustering on the in-medium quark condensate and compare results with the traditional approach of modeling hadronic matter in terms of a Fermi sea of deconfined quarks.

Formation of soliton trains in Bose-Einstein condensates as a nonlinear Fresnel diffraction of matter waves

The problem of generation of atomic soliton trains in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates is considered in framework of Whitham theory of modulations of nonlinear waves. Complete analytical solution is presented for the case when the initial density distribution has sharp enough boundaries. In this case the process of soliton train formation can be viewed as a nonlinear Fresnel diffraction of matter waves. Theoretical predictions are compared with results of numerical simulations of one- and three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation and with experimental data on formation of Bose-Einstein bright solitons in cigar-shaped traps. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A QCD sum rule study of Theta(+) in nuclear matter

We consider a [ud](2)(s) over bar current, in the finite-density QCD sum rule approach, to investigate the scalar and vector self-energies of the recently observed pentaquark state Theta(+)(1540), propagating in nuclear matter. We find that, opposite to what was obtained for the nucleon, the vector self-energy is negative, and the scalar self-energy is positive. There is a substantial cancellation between them resulting in an attractive net self-energy of the same order as in the nucleon case. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The few scales of nuclei and nuclear matter

The well-known correlations of low-energy three and four-nucleon observables with a typical three-nucleon scale (e.g., the Tjon line) is extended to light nuclei and nuclear matter. Evidence for the scaling between light nuclei binding energies and the triton one are pointed out. We argue that the saturation energy and density of nuclear matter are correlated to the triton binding energy. The available systematic nuclear matter calculations indicate a possible band structure representing these correlations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamical localization of matter-wave solitons in managed barrier potentials

The bright matter-wave soliton propagation through a barrier with a rapidly oscillating position is investigated. The averaged-over rapid oscillations Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived, where the effective potential has the form of a finite well. Dynamical trapping and quantum tunneling of the soliton in the effective finite well are investigated. The analytical predictions for the effective soliton dynamics is confirmed by numerical simulations of the full Gross-Pitaevskii equation.

Gravity and duality between coordinates and matter fields

We use the duality between the local Cartezian coordinates and the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation to parametrize locally the spacetime in terms of wave functions and prepotentials. The components of metric, metric connection, curvature as well as the Einstein equation are given in this parametrization. We also discuss the local duality between coordinates and quantum fields and the metric in this later reparametrization. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Chiral-symmetry restoration in clustered hadronic matter

Chiral-symmetry restoration is usually discussed in the context of quark matter, a system of deconfined quarks. However, many systems like stable nuclei and neutron stars have quarks confined within nucleons. In the present paper we use a Fermi sea of three-quark clusters instead of a Fermi sea of deconfined quarks to investigate the in-medium quark condensate. We find that an enhancement of the chiral breaking in clustered matter as claimed in the literature is not a consequence of the clustering but rather dependent on the microscopic model dynamics.

Quark condensates and high density quark matter

We consider a Coulomb gauge quark model which includes an explicit construct for a nontrivial vacuum structure in QCD. The dynamics is described by a Hamiltonain that contains a linearly rising confining potential and longitudinal and transverse Coulomb-type interactions. The Coulomb potential gives rise to ultraviolate divergences which are non-perturbatively renormalized by adding appropriate counter terms to the Hamiltonian. The equation of state for u and d quark matter at zero temperature is derived in the Hartree-Fock approximation.

The Faddeev-Jackiw approach and the conformal affine sl(2) Toda model coupled to the matter field

The conformal affine sl(2) Toda model coupled to the matter field is treated as a constrained system in the context of Faddeev-Jackiw and the (constrained) symplectic schemes. We recover from this theory either the sine-Gordon or the massive Thirring model, through a process of Hamiltonian reduction, considering the equivalence of the Noether and topological currrents as a constraint and gauge fixing the conformal symmetry. (C) 2000 Academic Press.