Avaliação de protocolos para colagem de bráquetes cerâmicos e remoção do adesivo remanescente com vistas á preservação da integridade de esmalte dentário

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

A homonímia no português: tratamento semântico segundo a estrutura Qualia de Pustejovsky com vistas a implementações computacionais

No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma proposta de tratamento semântico de formas ambíguas do português do Brasil, no caso, lexias homógrafas, com o escopo de oferecermos estratégias lingüísticas para a sua implementação computacional em Sistemas de Processamento das Línguas Naturais (SPLN). O Léxico Gerativo de Pustejovsky foi usado como modelo teórico. Nesse modelo, a Estrutura Qualia - EQ (e os papéis Formal, Télico, Agentivo e Constitutivo) foi selecionada como um dos expedientes lingüístico-semânticos para a realização da desambiguação das formas homônimas. Para que os dados analisados e tratados pudessem ser manipulados, elaboramos uma Base de Conhecimento Lexical (BCL) cujo repertório lingüístico possui seus itens lexicais correlacionados e interligados por diferentes tipos de relações semânticas presentes na EQ.

Caracterização do meio físico da bacia do córrego caçula e processos de degradação associados com vistas ao planejamento territorial

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Controle coordenado de múltiplos dipositivos facts com vistas à estabilidade transitória de SEE

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Small-scale landfills: impacts on groundwater and soil

In Brazil, the large quantities of solid waste produced are out of step with public policies, technological developments, and government budgets for the division. In small municipalities, the common lack of technological knowledge and financial conditions for suitable waste disposal has resulted in a large number of illegal dumps. Therefore, small sanitary landfill facilities are working with simplified operations focusing on cost reduction and meeting the economic and technological standards of the city without endangering the environment or public health. Currently, this activity is regulated at a federal level although there is some uncertainty regarding the risk of soil and aquifer contamination as theses facilities do not employ liners. Thus, this work evaluates a small landfill to identify changes in soil and groundwater using geotechnical parameters, monitoring wells, and geophysical tests performed by electrical profiling. It is verified that based on current conditions, no contaminants have migrated via underground water aquifers, and overall no significant changes have occurred in the soil. It is concluded that, despite its simplicity, the method investigated is a viable alternative for the final disposal of municipal solid waste from small cities, especially in developing countries.

Descrição léxico-gramatical e funcional dos verbos pronominais do português brasileiro com vistas ao aperfeiçoamento da base de verbos da wordnet brasileira e do alinhamento semântico desta à base de verbos da wordnet norte-americana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da vulnerabilidade a contaminação das águas subterrâneas do aquífero Rio Claro na mineração Mandu, distrito de Ajapi - Rio Claro-SP

Groundwater in the Rio Claro district is predominantly extracted from low productivity wells on the Itararé Aquifer, from depths greater than 150 m. These factors in conjunction with increasing demand for water supply have stimulated many industries to exploit the Rio Claro Aquifer, constituted by Cenozoic sediments of the Rio Claro Formation, where hydraulic properties are poorly known. For this reason, it is necessary to study the possible vulnerable to contamination punctual locations of the aquifer, in order to enable proper management of these groundwater reserves and to allow continuity of supply. Thus, this study aims to assess the vulnerability to groundwater on contamination Rio Claro Aquifer, punctually in Mandu mining site area, located in the District of Ajapi, Rio Claro - SP, the company which operates and sells industrial sand. The risk of groundwater contamination depends on the relationship between the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer layer (vulnerability to contamination) and the pollutant load. To evaluate the susceptibility to contamination it was applied the method GOD (FOSTER and HIRATA, 1987; FOSTER et. al., 2002) and, in addition, field and laboratory tests were performed to chacacterize the granulometry of the strata, hydraulic conductivity and some physical indices to make the evaluation more assertive and detailed. Punctual contamination vulnerability found in the aquifer Rio Claro, was moderate, which means that the aquifer is vulnerable to some contaminants, but when continuously discharged or leached. Thus, Mandu mining has a great role on preventing the emission of contaminants in the process of extraction and processing of sand... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Continental degassing of He-4 by surficial discharge of deep groundwater

Radiogenic He-4 is produced by the decay of uranium and thorium in the Earths mantle and crust. From here, it is degassed to the atmosphere(1-5) and eventually escapes to space(1,5,6). Assuming that all of the He-4 produced is degassed, about 70% of the total He-4 degassed from Earth comes from the continental crust(2,-5,7). However, the outgoing flux of crustal He-4 has not been directly measured at the Earths surface(2) and the migration pathways are poorly understood(2-4,7,8). Here we present measurements of helium isotopes and the long-lived cosmogenic radio-isotope Kr-81 in the deep, continental-scale Guarani aquifer in Brazil and show that crustal He-4 reaches the atmosphere primarily by the surficial discharge of deep groundwater. We estimate that He-4 in Guarani groundwater discharge accounts for about 20% of the assumed global flux from continental crust, and that other large aquifers may account for about 33%. Old groundwater ages suggest that He-4 in the Guarani aquifer accumulates over half- to one-million-year timescales. We conclude that He-4 degassing from the continents is regulated by groundwater discharge, rather than episodic tectonic events, and suggest that the assumed steady state between crustal production and degassing of He-4, and its resulting atmospheric residence time, should be re-examined.

Uranium isotopes in groundwater occurring at Amazonas State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Herbicide detection in groundwater in Córrego Rico-SP watershed

Due to the large amount of pesticides applied in agriculture, mainly herbicides, there is a growing concern about a possible environmental contamination with these products, including water bodies. Given the above, the aim of the present work was to detect and quantify herbicides through multiresidue analysis in water samples collected in semi-artesian wells and springs in a rural area of the city of Jaboticabal (SP). Samples were collected from 32 wells and 13 water springs, in three different seasons: October 2010, February 2011 and May 2011. Additionally, samples at a residence in the urban area were also collected. Analysis using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was performed and herbicides ametryn, amicarbazone, clomazone, diclosulan, diuron, hexazinone, imazapic, imazapyr, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, and tebuthiuron were evaluated. In semi-artesian wells, an incresed quantity of herbicides was found in comparison with the water springs. Among the tested herbicides, hexazinone, imazapyr and sulfentrazone were detected in measurable amounts in accordance with the analytical method applied, while clomazone was the most common herbicide being detected in more than 60% of the samples. Ametryn, diuron and amicarbazone herbicides were also detected. Diclosulan, imazapic, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor, sulfometuron-methyl, and tebuthiuron were not detected in any sample. Inappropriate use of these products without prior knowledge of the behavior of the soil can lead to groundwaters and water springs contamination, thus an ongoing monitoring of this resource becomes very important.

The mechanism of 234U 238U activity ratio enhancement in karstic limestone groundwater

Experimental etch/leach of Carboniferous Limestone gravels on a laboratory time-scale has demonstrated that 234U 238U activity ratios (AR's) greater than the radiochemical equilibrium value may be generated on short time-scales. The molar U/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios show that both U and Mg are leached preferentially relative to Ca whereas the molar U/Mg ratio is only slightly greater than that of the rock matrix. The generation of enhanced AR's is attributed to a two-stage process in which the limestone surface is dissolved by zero-order etch and silicate minerals so released are subjected to first-order chemical leach of U and Mg. The implications of these results for the production of enhanced AR's in Carboniferous Limestone groundwater are discussed. It is suggested that chemical leaching or exchange of U between groundwater and its particulate load or at the aquifer fluid-solid interface is an important mechanism controlling AR changes as groundwater migrates beyond a redox boundary. AR's for dissolved U in groundwater are more probably related to chemical equilibria than to groundwater age. © 1993.

Estudo da efetividade da atenuação natural de compostos BTEX em área contaminada por querosene de aviação

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Algoritmo neurogenético com vistas para o planejamento de rotas de robôs móveis autônomos

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE