Espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na região do Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense e variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em um teste de progênies com três espécies em consórcio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da variabilidade genética em uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribuição natural de espécies arbóreas em áreas com diferentes níveis de antropização visando integrar programa de conservação genética in situ

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em banco ativo de germoplasma de espécies arbóreas do cerrado e da floresta estacional semidecidual

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Conservação genética Ex Situ de populações naturais de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. em sistema silvipastoril

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Cattle-Derived Microsatellite Markers to Study the Water Buffalo Genome

Microsatellites are well-known DNA markers used in a variety of studies such as genome mapping, genetic diversity analysis, genetic conservation and phylogenetic studies. Although microsatellites are important markers, their development and characterization demands extensive time and high cost. Thus, before new markers are developed for a particular species, it is worthwhile to test the available markers from related species. In the present study, we evaluate cattle-derived microsatellite markers for genetic studies of water buffalo. Eighty-five percents of a total of 120 microsatellite markers were optimized using buffalo DNA (Bubalus bubalis). The results showed in this paper were also deposited in the National Center for Biological Information database (NCBI) (ProbeDB and UniSTS) for use in population genetic studies of buffalo by the scientific community. The use of heterologous primers significantly reduces the cost of developing specific markers for buffalo, providing a useful short cut for the genetic population analysis and gene mapping studies.

Distribuição natural de espécies arbóreas em áreas com diferentes níveis de antropização e relação com os atributos químicos do solo

With the emergence of areas degraded by human activities, the chemical soil properties and silvicultural characters became important in understanding the succession process of tree species and planning of landscape restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of tree species in areas with different levels of human disturbance, relating silvicultural aspects to the soil chemical properties and characterizing the type of vegetation, for integration of genetic conservation program in situ. The study was conducted in the area of Research and Extension Experimental Farm (FEPE) from UNESP, Ilha Solteira, in Selviria - MS. Through transect, 64 plots were marked 50 m equidistant with dimensions of 10 x 10 m, where: 29 plots were in an highly disturbed area (HDA), five in moderately disturbed area (MDA), 15 in lowly disturbed area (LDA), six in riparian stream of Vestia river (Riparian Forest) and nine in the legal reserve. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0.0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m) for the chemical analysis and the assessment of silvicultural characters, such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and shape. The study of the natural distribution of tree species and edaphic condition in the different evaluated areas showed that: the soil chemical properties associated with the level of human disturbance and conservation of the areas are influencing the natural occurrence, species diversity and development of the trees. Height, DBH and shape are good indicators to assess the growth of the tree community and relate them to soil chemical properties; LDA and legal reserve presented higher natural occurrence, number of individuals and number of species. In the riparian forest, basal area values, height, shape and chemical soil properties were higher. From the 97 species found, six have the potential to be used in a program of genetic conservation in situ. They are: Astronium fraxinifolium, Terminalia argentea, Curatella americana, Cupania vernalis, Qualea jundiahy and Andira cuyabensis.

Indicadores de sustentabilidade para conservação genética de Erythrina velutina Willd., em área de mata ciliar

One of the greatest challenges for the agricultural system is to establish agricultural production combined with the conservation of genetic resources, mainly aiming to protect the Permanent Preservation Areas. In this context, mulungu ( Erythrina velutina Willd), among other native species, has been suffering with anthropogenic pressures in various ecosystems, causing reductions in its genetic basis. This work aims to identify ecological and genetic population parameters as indicators of sustainability in two natural populations of mulungu, located in riparian forest, in the state of Sergipe, and to assess the tendency to their sustainability, aiming genetic conservation of the species. The matrix of Pressure-State-Impact/Effect-Response (PEI/ER) was used with the selection of 13 indicators, from the use of RAPDmolecular markers and biochemical (enzymes) markers in populations, in order to present them as relevant information to measure progress as for sustainability and conservation ofmulungu. The studied populations presented low tendency to sustainability, requiring strategies to change this status.

New loci of Lychnophora ericoides and transferability to Lychnophora pinaster, endangered medicinal species from Brazil

Lychnophora ericoides and Lychnophora pinaster are species used in popular medicine as analgesic or anti-inflammatory agents to treat contusions, rheumatism, and insect bites. In this study, 21 simple sequence repeat loci of L. ericoides were developed and transferred to L. pinaster. Three populations of L. ericoides and 2 populations of L. pinaster were evaluated; they were collected in the State of Minas Gerais. Population parameters were estimated, and the mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.297 and 0.408 (L. ericoides) and 0.228 and 0.310 (L. pinaster), respectively. Greater genetic variability was observed within populations than between populations of L. ericoides (62 and 37%) and L. pinaster (97 and 2.8%). These results provide information for genetic conservation and taxonomic studies of these endangered species.

The genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa: The Xylella fastidiosa consortium of the organization for nucleotide sequencing and analysis, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium that causes a range of economically important plant diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequence of X. fastidiosa clone 9a5c, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis - a serious disease of orange trees. The genome comprises a 52.7% GC-rich 2,679,305-base-pair (bp) circular chromosome and 'two plasmids of 51,158 bp and 1,285 bp. We can assign putative functions to47% of the 2,904 predicted coding regions. Efficient metabolic functions are predicted, with sugars as the principal energy and carbon source, supporting existence in the nutrient-poor xylem sap. The mechanisms associated with pathogenicity and virulence involve toxins, antibiotics and ion sequestration systems, as well as bacterium-bacterium and bacterium-host interactions mediated by a range of proteins. Orthologues of some of these proteins have only been identified in animal and human pathogens; their presence in X. fastidiosa indicates that the molecular basis for bacterial pathogenicity is both conserved and independent of host. At least 83 genes are bacteriophage-derived and include virulence-associated genes from other bacteria, providing direct evidence of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer.

Manejo e conservação genética In Situ, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart. no pontal do Paranapanema

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Genetic diversity and population structure of pumas (Puma concolor) in southeastern Brazil: implications for conservation in a human-dominated landscape

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic monitoring of the Amazonian fish matrincha (Brycon cephalus) using RAPD markers: insights into supportive breeding and conservation programmes

The importance of genetic evaluations in aquaculture programmes has been increased significantly not only to improve effectiveness of hatchery production but also to maintain genetic diversity. In the present study, wild and captive populations of a commercially important neotropical freshwater fish, Brycon cephalus (Amazonian matrincha), were analyzed in order to evaluate the levels of genetic diversity in a breeding programme at a Brazilian research institute of tropical fish. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting was used to access the genetic variability of a wild stock from the Amazon River and of three captive stocks that correspond to consecutive generations from the fishery culture. Although farmed stocks showed considerably lower genetic variation than the wild population, a significantly higher level of polymorphism was detected in the third hatchery generation. The results seem to reflect a common breeding practice on several hatchery fish programmes that use a small number of parents as broodstocks, obtaining reproductive success with few non-identified mating couples. The obtained data were useful for discussing suitable strategies for the genetic management and biodiversity conservation of this species.

Illegal trade of the guitarfish Rhinobatos horkelii on the coasts of central and southern Brazil: genetic identification to aid conservation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

RAPD analysis in the Neotropical fish Brycon lundii: Genetic diversity and its implications for the conservation of the species

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to examine the genetic variability on an endangered Neotropical fish species, Brycon lundii, collected on two regions with distinct environmental conditions in the São Francisco River (Brazil), downstream from a hydroelectric station. Using decamer oligonucleotides as single primers in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), genetic similarity index, mean allele frequency and mean heterozigosity were estimated, revealing variations between samples from the two regions. Moreover, a fragment of about 1200 base pairs was found in 100% of the examined animals collected at the region closer to the hydroelectric dam, while its frequency was much lower (27.3%) within the sample from the second collecting site, 30 km downstream from the dam, indicating a possible correlation between genetic variation and geographical area. A dendogram representing the relationships among genotypes was obtained, demonstrating at least two major clusters of animals. Based on the data, a model of population structuring in Brycon lundii is suggested. The described approach holds great promise for further analyses and gives support to biodiversity maintenance and recovery efforts of B. lundii.