Papilomavirus Humano (HPV) - Um estudo de revisao

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses, that induce benign and malignant lesions on several body sites. It's a small circular DNA virus, non-enveloped and 75 types have been identified. Frequently HPV 6, 11 (benign lesions) and 16, 18 (malignant lesions) are occurred on mucosa. The infection takes place at the basal layer cells with microlesions, when the virus enters into the cells and looses the capsid. The benign HPV types is associated to cell's genome in epissomal way. In malignant lesions, it integrates into the cell's DNA. HPV viruses are sexually transmitted and responsable for malignant cell transformation. Thus this viruses have an extremely epidemiologic importance. This paper reports a HPV review study about: epidemiology, diagnostic methods and treatment to papillomavirus infection.

Effect of topical application of 5-FU on the corneoscleral limbus of rabbits

• Aim: To observe the effects of topical application of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the rabbits corneal limbus. • Methods: 5-FU was applied topically to the corneoscleral region of rabbits eyes. The animals were sacrificed immediately or 7, 15, 30 and 60 days later, and tissues were submitted to histological examination. • Results: All animals presented corneoscleral deepithelization close to the site of application during the immediate post-operative period, whereas on the 4th postoperative day ulceration was no longer present. Histological examination showed absence of epithelium and slight edema. After one week (G2), 2 animals presented epithelial defects, thickened epithelium with larger basal cells and loose chromatin, and slight subepithelial edema. The remaining groups showed no alterations. • Conclusion: The 5-FU topically on the corneoscleral limbus postpone the epitelization.

Adjuvant therapy with GnRH agonists/tamoxifen in breast cancer should be a good council for patients with hormone receptor-positive tumours and wish to preserve fertility

Infertility represents one of the main long-term consequences of combination chemotherapy used for the treatment of breast cancer. Approximately 60%-65% of breast cancers express the nuclear hormone receptor in premenopausal women. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is an integral component of care for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumours. The GnRH agonist (GnRHa) alone or in combination with tamoxifen produces results at least similar to those obtained with the different chemotherapy protocols in patients with HR+ tumors with respect to recurrence-free survival and overall survival, Presentation of the hypothesis: It is time to indicate adjuvant therapy with GnRHa associated with tamoxifen for patients with breast cancer (HR+ tumours) if they want to preserve their reproductive function. Testing the hypothesis: Assessment of ovarian reserve tests: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume 6 months, and 1 year after the end of therapy with GnRHa/tamoxifen. The recurrence-free survival and overall survival should be analysed. Implications of the hypothesis: The major implication will be to avoid adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer (HR+ tumours) that request fertility preservation. It is expected that ovarian function should not be altered in almost all cases. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases - a review

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunomodulatory effects of low dose chemotherapy and perspectives of its combination with immunotherapy

Given that cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, many efforts have been directed toward discovering new treatments and approaches to cure or control this group of diseases. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer; however, a conventional schedule based on maximum tolerated dose (MTD) shows several side effects and frequently allows the development of drug resistance. On the other side, low dose chemotherapy involves antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory processes that help host to fight against tumor cells, with lower grade of side effects. In this review, we present evidence that metronomic chemotherapy, based on the frequent administration of low or intermediate doses of chemotherapeutics, can be better than or as efficient as MTD. Finally, we present some data indicating that noncytotoxic concentrations of antineoplastic agents are able to both up-regulate the immune system and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Taken together, data from the literature provides us with sufficient evidence that low concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents, rather than conventional high doses, should be evaluated in combination with immunotherapy. Copyright © 2012 UICC.

Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase expression in breast cancer: An immunohistochemical and molecular study

The use of prognostic markers for breast cancer allows therapeutic strategies to be defined more efficiently. The expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in tumor cells has been evaluated as a predictor of prognosis and response to cytotoxic treatments. Its immunoexpression was assessed in 63 women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in a retrospective study. The results showed that high GSH expression was associated with tumors negative for the estrogen receptor (ER) (P<0.05), and GPX expression was associated with tumors negative for the progesterone receptor (PR) and patient mortality. Focusing on the 37 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy (Group I), high expression of GPX was associated with a high rate of patient mortality (P<0.05). The 19 patients who received only adjuvant chemotherapy (Group II) showed high expression of GSH in relation to metastasis (P<0.05). In addition, high levels of GPX expression were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (P<0.05). To confirm this, the expression of precursor genes of GSH [glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)] and the GPX gene was analyzed using quantitative PCR in cultured neoplastic mammary cells treated with doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment was able to eliminate tumor cells without alterations in the gene expression of GSS, but led to underexpression of the GCLC and GPX genes. Our results suggest that high levels of GPX may be related to the development of resistance to chemotherapy in these tumors, response to treatment and the clinical course of the breast cancer patients.

Alterações de fluxos sanguíneos cerebrais regionais (FSCr) avaliados através de SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia adjuvante

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação da resposta à quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante em pacientes com adenocarcinomas retais

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Efeito do laser terapêutico na mucosite induzida por 5-fluoruracila (5-FU) em hamsters

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso do LED vermelho em mucosite induzida por quimioterapia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização do laser de baixa densidade (LILT) para tratamento da mucosite induzida em hamsters: comparação clínica e histopatológica entre parâmetros de irradiação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da presença da antineoplásico em água residuária de um hospital oncológico e do sistema de esgotamento sanitário municipal

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Efeito imunomodulador de baixas concentrações de antineoplásicos

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Efeito das baixas concentrações de agentes antineoplásicos sobre linfócitos humanos de sangue periférico

Our previous studies have shown that low concentrations (noncytotoxics) of antineoplastic agents modulate positively the dendritic cells, favoring their in vitro maturation and improving their antigen presenting function. The effects on colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) were also investigated and we have observed an increased immunogenicity and susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) an azacitidine (AZA), in minimum effective and noncytotoxic concentrations on lymphocytes of healthy donors. In this study we have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of drugs at these concentrations as well as the proliferative ability of lymphocytes. In vitro production of IL-10 and IFN-γ has been also evaluated. We have observed that low concentrations of those chemotherapeutic agents are not cytotoxic for lymphocytes. However, the minimum effective concentrations (5-FU: 0,410±0,088 e AZA: 0,757±0,233; p<0, 05) have reduced the cell number. Proliferative activity of allogeneic lymphocytes in a mixed reaction (MLR) was not affected by the treatment. The cytokine production was not affected by the treatments, either. In conclusion, low concentrations of 5-FU and AZA has no deleterious effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and seems to be safe for combinatory administration with DC vaccines

Efeito protetor in vivo de vacinas de células dendríticas sensibilizadas com RNA de células MC-38 pré-tratadas com agentes antineoplásticos em concentrações efetivas minímas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)