Effect of pancreas transplantation on the prevention of nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

We studied the effects of pancreas transplantation on kidney lesions of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Ninety inbred male Lewis rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: group NC included 30 non-diabetic control rats, group DC included 30 alloxan-induced diabetic control rats, and group PT included 30 alloxan-induced diabetic rats that received pancreas transplants from normal donor Lewis rats. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups of 10 rats which were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Clinical and laboratory parameters during these periods were documented. The kidneys of 5 rats in each subgroup were studied and 50 glomeruli and tubules from each kidney were analyzed by light microscopy by two different investigators in a double-blind study. There was progressive glomerular basement membrane thickening (GBMT), mesangial enlargement (ME), and Bowman's capsule thickening (BCT) in kidneys of rats in the 3 experimental groups during follow-up. These alterations were significantly higher in DC rats (GBMT: 1.99 +/- 0.31; ME: 2.00 +/- 0.33; BCT: 1.88 +/- 0.27) when compared to NC(GBMT: 1.54 +/- 0.30; ME: 1.56 +/- 0.47; BCT: 1.36 +/- 0.35) and PT rats (GBMT: 1.49 +/- 0.29; ME: 1.57 +/- 0.36; BCT: 1.35 +/- 0.28) at 6 months (P<0.01). The extent of GBMT, ME, and BCT observed in DC rats at 1 and 3 months was not significantly different from NC and PT rats. The amount of kidney lesions in PT rats was similar to that of NC rats and lower than those of DC rats at 6 months (P<0.01). In addition, Armanni-Ebstein lesions of the tubules (AE) and tubular lumen protein (PRO) observed in DC rats were not present in NC or PT rats. We conclude that pancreas transplantation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats prevents the development of kidney lesions beginning at 6 months after transplantation.

Serum titres of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies are associated with different immunoregulatory milieu in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Collagen and reticular fibers in left ventricular muscle in diabetic rats: Physical exercise prevents its changes?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Potencial cognitivo P300 em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus may lead to alterations in the eyes, kidneys, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, ears etc. The cognitive function, also, seems to be compromised in subjects presented with Diabetes Mellitus, since the cortical and subcortical structures responsible for this function are hindered in some insulin-dependent patients. The cognitive potential P300 has been used as an objective procedure to assess cerebral cognitive functions. Objective: Analyze the sensitivity of P300 cognitive potential for the detection of alterations on the auditory cortex secondary to Diabetes Mellitus. Study design: transversal cohort. Material and Method: Sixteen diabetic subjects of both genders aged 7 to 71 years, and seventeen non-diabetic individuals at the same age range participated in this study, the evaluation procedures were pure tone audiometry (PTA) and P300 cognitive potential. Glycemia of the group presented with Diabetes was assessed prior to applying the P300. Results: No statistically significant difference was shown for the PTA results. A statically significant difference was observed between groups when analyzing the latency of the P300 component measured in Fz. there was a correlation between glycemia and the latency and amplitude of P300. Conclusion: The investigation of the cognitive potential of P300 is an important procedure for the prevention and early diagnosis of neurological changes in individuals presented with Diabetes Mellitus.

Estudo da distribuição dos casos de Diabetes Mellitus em Presidente Prudente - SP

The main causes of illness and consequent death in patients affected by Diabetes Mellitus are the long-term complications. Depression can make it harder to control the level of glucose in the blood, as well as intensifying and worsening the clinical complications, thus reducing the quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Public Health Clinic in Presidente Prudente (SP) in patients enrolled in the Hiper-Dia Program. From October 2003 to July 2004, a descriptive survey was carried out. Data were obtained from doctor's records of 50 diabetes patients and also their answers to a specific questionnaire. The majority of the patients were female, had not completed elementary school, with a family income below five minimum wages, a nationally-defined amount related to the poverty line. It was observed that 24% of the patients had depression and 76% never followed a controlled diet. Pharmacological treatment was prescribed for 82% of the patients. Twenty-eight patients were receiving psyicological treatment, together with oral hypoglycemic agents. The glycated hemoglobin was measured in 68%. The association between depression and submission to treatment was not significant. No statistical association was found between the psychologically assisted patient's group and glucose control (p= 0.40), diet control (p= 0.37) and physical activities (p= 0.77). It was concluded that 24% patients had depression and the majority not under diet control, but 82% were under pharmacological treatment.

Diabetes and pregnancy: An update of the problem

Pregnancies complicated by diabetes account for about 7% of all pregnancies attended by the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (SUS) and are one of the main causes of maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Considering the importance of this topic, this article presents an update of diabetes classification, diagnostic criteria, maternal/perinatal outcomes, and both clinical and obstetric prenatal care. Even though there is no consensus about screening and diagnostic standards, the investigation of hyperglycemia in all risk pregnancies is recommended. The importance of adequate metabolic control is emphasized in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Finally, the development of educational programs is encouraged, viewing not only good gestational outcome but also long-term changes in the lifestyle of these women. © by São Paulo State University.

Prevention of dental trauma during childhood: An overview

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevention of dental trauma in children aged 0 to 3 years, as it is studied in the literature. Since these traumatic injuries can cause damage and complications to the deciduous teeth, and even to the permanent teeth, the development of actions to reduce their occurrence is necessary because these injuries represent a considerable problem in dentistry. Although prevention is difficult in this age group, efforts should be directed at education, especially the development of educational programs involving qualified professional directly engaged in the routine of traumatic dental injuries. The actions to be adopted should be based on the understanding of etiological factors, on the different patterns of the mechanism of injury, and on the characteristics of each community. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

El ejercicio físico y su prescripción en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas

Chronic degenerative diseases constitute one of the main causes of death at a global level, and their significant increase has alerted many countries, which are taking measures to reduce risk factors, some of which are modifiable; being the regular exercise a means of prevention and rehabilitation of these diseases. The objective of this revision is to analyze the necessary parameters to take into account for the prescription of an exercise program in patients with obesity, high blood pressure dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Dental caries experience in children attending an infant oral health program

Aim: To investigate: a) caries experience in 5 year-old children and its relationship to the caries risk evaluation made before 1 year of age; b) compliance of parents to an infant oral health program as well as the abandonment reasons. Methods: Group A (GA) - 242 children (60-71 months old) who stayed in the program and had been enrolled since their first year of life underwent a clinical examination according to the WHO's criteria; their parents/caregivers were interviewed to ascertain their compliance to the program. Group B (GB) - parents of 60 children, who had dropped out of the program, were interviewed to check the reasons of withdrawing. The caries risk classification was based on the file at the first appointment. Chi-square test was used (α=0.05) for statistical analyses. Results: Most of the children were free of caries (71.1%). Caries risk evaluation showed low sensibility (34.3%, 95% CI = 22.4-46.1) and high specificity (74.4%, 95% CI = 67.6-81.2) to caries experience. Sixty-two mothers (25.6%) reported difficulty to follow the guidelines. The main reason for dropping out was changing to similar health services (40.0%). Conclusions: Caries risk in the first year of life was not efficient to predict dental caries experience at 5 years of age. Educational practice should be improved to increase the compliance of the parents to the program.

Influence of a preventive training program on lower limb kinematics and vertical jump height of male volleyball athletes

Objective: To examine the influence of a preventative training program (PTP) on sagittal plane kinematics during different landing tasks and vertical jump height (VJH) in males. Design: Six weeks prospective exercise intervention. Participants: Fifteen male volleyball athletes (13 ± 0.7 years, 1.70 ± 0.12 m, 60 ± 12 kg). Interventions: PTP consisting of plyometric, balance and core stability exercises three times per week for six weeks. Bilateral vertical jumps with double leg (DL) and single leg (SL) landings were performed to measure the effects of training. Main outcome measurements: Kinematics of the knee and hip before and after training and VJH attained during both tasks after training. The hypothesis was that the PTP would produce improvements in VJH, but would not generate great changes in biomechanical behavior. Results: The only change identified for the SL was the longest duration of landing, which represents the time spent from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion, after training, while increased angular displacement of the knee was observed during DL. The training did not significantly alter the VJH in either the SL (difference: 2.7 cm) or the DL conditions (difference: 3.5 cm). Conclusions: Despite the PTP's effectiveness in inducing some changes in kinematics, the changes were specific for each task, which highlights the importance of the specificity and individuality in selecting prevention injury exercises. Despite the absence of significant increases in the VJH, the absolute differences after training showed increases corroborating with the findings of statistically powerful studies that compared the results with control groups. The results suggest that short-term PTPs in low risk young male volleyball athletes may enhance performance and induce changes in some kinematic parameters. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Exercício na prevenção do diabetes mellitus em modelo experimental com ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A contribuição do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) para o Sistema Público de Saúde do município de Araraquara

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização dos portadores de hipertensão e diabetes atendidos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Agudos e avaliação da associação entre nível de atividade física e fatores de risco cardiovascular, qualidade de vida e comorbidades

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A influência da Diabetes Mellitus no reparo de enxertos ósseos autógenos associados ou não à membrana colágena reabsorvível: estudo histomorfométrico em ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Secreção de insulina e sensibilidade à insulina em indivíduos de risco para o Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)