Efeito da porosidade do substrato casca de pínus no desenvolvimento de mudas de grumixameira

Aiming to evaluate the effect of the pine bark substrate porosity on the development of the grumixama plant (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.), an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil. The treatments were: 100% ground pine bark without separation of particles; 100% pine bark of <= 0,1mm; 75% pine bark of <= 0,1mm + 25% between 0,1-4,0 mm; 50% of pine bark <= 0,1mm + 50% between 0,1-4,0 mm; 25% pine bark of <= 0,1mm + 75% between 0,1-4,0 mm and 100% pine bark of 0,1-4,0 mm. The evaluations (stem diameter, length and average dry weight of seedlings) were performed on the 90, 120 and 150(th) days after sowing. The low water absorption in the early stages and the low aeration of the roots promoted by the substrate, affect the development of the grumixama plant seedlings, that grow best when the total pore space of the substrate is less than 90% (v / v).

Efeito de Diferentes Níveis de Manganês e Fósforo Sobre o Desempenho e a Qualidade da Casca dos Ovos de Poedeiras Comerciais

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the different levels of manganese and phosphorus (P) on the performance and eggshell quality and on determined blood constituents of 96 laying hens Hy-Line W36, with 60 weeks of age, distributed in 24 lots with four hens each. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial arrangement (3x2), manganese levels (70, 140 and 210 ppm) and total phosphorus levels (.35 and .55%), totalizing six treatments with four replicates each. The experimental diets were isoproteic (16.0% CP), isocaloric (2800 kcal ME/kg), isocalcium (4.0% Ca) and isosodium (.16% Na). The manganese levels did not alter the production and eggshell quality. However, when hens were fed diets containing .35% of total P, there were observed decreases in the egg production, egg weight and egg mass, without alterations in eggshell quality characteristics. The supplemental manganese levels were not effective to improve eggshell quality at the final phase of production. The total phosphorus level of .35% was inadequate for the laying hens to express the normal production characteristics.

O impacto da pesca do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) nas assembléias de peixes e siris do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This work evaluates the impact of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) fishery on fish and crab assemblages of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil. We observed that composition of catches is similar to shrimp fisheries using fyke-net at others estuaries of Rio Grande do Sul State: pink shrimp (53%), accessory catches (24%) and bycatch (23%). However, fishery composition showed distinct differences along the saline gradient of the main park's lagoon. Regarding only fish species, the most impacted species in this fishery were Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842), Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823), and Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842). In others estuaries from Rio Grande do Sul, in contrast, the most impacted species were M. furnieri, Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) and Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829). The potential impact of the pink shrimp fishery at Lagoa do Peixe National Park seemed to be weaker when compared to shrimp fisheries elsewhere. We believe that the decision to prohibit this fishery at the Lagoa do Peixe National Park should not be based on its potential damage to the fish and crab assemblages but based on the simple fact that Brazilian laws do not allow fisheries inside National Parks.

Crescimento e sobrevivência do camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) na fase de berçário em meio heterotrófico

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of a heterotrophic rearing media (microbial flocs) on the growth and survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in the nursery phase. For 30 days, F. paulensis post-larvae (0.019 ± 0.01g) were reared in nine 40-liter plastic tanks at the density of 500 post-larvae m -2. Three treatments with three replicates each were used: rearing in the presence of microbial flocs with ration supply (FLOC + R); rearing in the sole presence of flocs - no ration supplied (FLOC); and rearing in clear water plus with ration supply (AC + R). The presence of microbial flocs had no significant effect on growth and survival in the nursery rearing of F. paulensis.

Bioprospecção de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana da casca de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Leguminosae-Mimosoidae)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the class of secondary metabolites responsible for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of bark extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Leguminosae-Mimosoidae), a plant widely used in folk medicine in Brazil. Extracts of the bark were prepared with 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, acetone:water (7:3, v/v) and chloroform. Antioxidant activity was prospected by spraying thin-layer chromatographs of the extracts with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and measuring the DPPH radical scavenging capacity by spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was revealed by the agar diffusion method and bioautography. TLC spots assigned to tannins in the polar extracts showed antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging and the chloroform extract showed the least scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity was indicated by the bacterial growth inhibition haloes around polar extracts and bioautography showed activity in the TLC spots assigned to tannins. It was concluded that polar extracts of the bark of S. adstringens possessed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which were due to secondary metabolite derived from the tannin class, which are the main constituent of these bark extracts, according to the literature.

Policultivo do camarão de água doce Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) com a Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com rações peletizada e farelada

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fresh water shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) in performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in polyculture system and feeding with ration pelleted and mashed. The work was realized in Centro de Pesquisa em Aqüicultura Ambiental-CPAA/IAP - Toledo/PR during 37 days. Were utilized like experimental unit 16 ponds excavated, covered with concrete but with bottom of soil with dimension the 4 x 3 m and useful volume the 3,5 m 3. Were utilized 30 tilapias e 150 shrimps for experimental unit distributed at an entirely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, where TF: tilapia feeding with ration mashed; TCF: tilapia and shrimp feeding with ration mashed; TP: tilapia feeding with ration pelleted; TCP: tilapia and shrimp feeding with ration pelleted. The density used were the 2,6 fishes/m 2 with medium initial weight the 5,58 ± 0,10 g and initial length the 5,56 cm, and the density of shrimp was the 13 shrimps/m 2 with initial length the 1,04 cm. The temperature was gauged daily, while the variables dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity, weekly. The quantity of ration supplied was the 10% of total biomass of fishes, with feed frequency the 4 times a day, being corrected weekly in function of the biometry. During the experimental period the medium values of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity of the ponds water were 23,42 ± 0,83°C, 5,32 ± 0,52 mg/L, 7,02 ± 0,39, e 100,96 ± 1,81 μS/ cm respectively. Won't registering any influence of shrimp during the cultivation and the ration pelleted provide the better conversion alimentary and performance of tilapias.

Biologia populacional e reprodutiva do camarão sete-barbas na Baía de Santos, São Paulo

We investigated the sexual maturity, reproductive period and juvenile recruitment (both associated with salinity and temperature of bottom water) and sex-ratio of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in Santos Bay, São Paulo. Monthly samples were obtained from June 2008 through May 2009 along four transects. Individuals were measured, sexed and the developmental stage of the reproductive system was macroscopically determined. The mean carapace length of females was larger than that of males. Females attained physiological maturity with 25.5 mm and males with 16.8 mm. The reproductive period was continuous with higher proportions of reproductive females in autumn. Although not significant, in February occurs a peak of reproductive females similar to March. An intermediate peak of these females occurs between August and October and it contributed to the recruitment in summer. The smallest amount of juveniles after the main peak of spawning (February, March and April) can be explained by migration or consequences of open access for fishery that occurs on June. The overall sex-ratio was approximately 1:1. However, when considering the spatial distribution, we observed a greater amount of reproductive females in shallow waters in the bay. The differential distribution between the sexes could be associated with appropriated areas to spawn. The current legal off-season occurs between March and May, and, according to our results of the frequency of reproductive females, we suggest the inclusion of February in the off-season.

Desenvolvimento embrionário do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da produtividade e viabilidade econômica de quatro sistemas de berçários do camarão-da-Amazônia, Macrobrachium amazonicum

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da alimentação e densidade de estocagem no desempenho zootécnico e perfil celular do hepatopâncreas do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise do período de defeso do camarão marinho Artemesia longinaris através da maturidade ovariana anual

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Rastreabilidade de camarão amazônico proveniente de cultivo e ambiente natural utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Avaliação microbiológica do camarão da Amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum) e sua relação com o ambiente de criação na carcinicultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Viabilidade técnica e econômica da larvicultura do camarão-da-amazônia, Macrobrachium amazonicum, em diferentes temperaturas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estratégias de povoamento e despesca no cultivo do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum: efeitos na estrutura populacional e na produção

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)