Extensive impact of saturated fatty acids on metabolic and cardiovascular profile in rats with diet-induced obesity: A canonical analysis

Background: Although hypercaloric interventions are associated with nutritional, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders in obesity experiments, a rational distinction between the effects of excess adiposity and the individual roles of dietary macronutrients in relation to these disturbances has not previously been studied. This investigation analyzed the correlation between ingested macronutrients (including sucrose and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) plus body adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular effects in rats with diet-induced obesity. Methods: Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were submitted to Control (CD; 3.2 Kcal/g) and Hypercaloric (HD; 4.6 Kcal/g) diets for 20 weeks followed by nutritional evaluation involving body weight and adiposity measurement. Metabolic and hormonal parameters included glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin. Cardiovascular analysis included systolic blood pressure profile, echocardiography, morphometric study of myocardial morphology, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression. Canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between dietary macronutrients plus adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular parameters. Results: Although final group body weights did not differ, HD presented higher adiposity than CD. Diet induced hyperglycemia while insulin and leptin levels remained unchanged. In a cardiovascular context, systolic blood pressure increased with time only in HD. Additionally, in vivo echocardiography revealed cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic performance in HD compared to CD; and while cardiomyocyte size was unchanged by diet, nuclear volume and collagen interstitial fraction both increased in HD. Also HD exhibited higher relative β-MHC content and β/α-MHC ratio than their Control counterparts. Importantly, body adiposity was weakly associated with cardiovascular effects, as saturated fatty acid intake was directly associated with most cardiac remodeling measurements while unsaturated lipid consumption was inversely correlated with these effects. Conclusion: Hypercaloric diet was associated with glycemic metabolism and systolic blood pressure disorders and cardiac remodeling. These effects directly and inversely correlated with saturated and unsaturated lipid consumption, respectively. © 2013 Oliveira Junior et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Genetic associations among average annual productivity, growth traits, and stayability: A parallel between Nelore and composite beef cattle

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among average annual productivity of the cow (PRODAM), yearling weight (YW), postweaning BW gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC), and stayability in the herd for at least 6 yr (STAY) of Nelore and composite beef cattle. Measurements were taken on animals born between 1980 and 2010 on 70 farms located in 7 Brazilian states. Estimates of heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were obtained by Bayesian approach with 5-trait animal models. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing means of estimated breeding values by year of birth. The heritability estimates were between 0.14 and 0.47. Estimates of genetic correlation among female traits (PRODAM and STAY) and growth traits ranged from-0.02 to 0.30. Estimates of genetic correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.94 among growth traits indicating that selection for these traits could be successful in tropical breeding programs. Genetic correlations among all traits were favorable and simultaneous selection for growth, productivity, and stayability is therefore possible. Genetic correlation between PRODAM and STAY was 0.99 and 0.85 for Nelore and composite cattle, respectively. Therefore, PRODAM and STAY might be influenced by many of the same genes. The inclusion of PRODAM instead of STAY as a selection criterion seems to be more advantageous for tropical breeding programs because the generation interval required to obtain accurate estimates of genetic merit for PRODAM is shorter. Average annual genetic changes were greater in Nelore than in composite cattle. This was not unexpected because the breeding program of composite cattle included a large number of farms, different production environments, and genetic level of the herds and breeds. Thus, the selection process has become more difficult in this population. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Estudo do padrão morfológico e da biologia Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) de diferentes locais e hospedeiros

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Propriedades de tranporte, caos e dissipação num sistema dinâmico não linear

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do papel de eIF5A na síntese proteica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de técnicas multivariadas na avaliação da divergência genética de populações de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Genome-wide association study for feedlot average daily gain in Nellore cattle (Bos indicus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inbreeding, Average Relatedness Coefficient and Effective Population Size In Jaffarabadi Buffaloes Raised In Brazil

The major aim of this study was to evaluate the inbreeding (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR) and effective population size (Ne) in the Jaffarabadi buffalo breed from Brazil. Pedigree information of 1,272 animals born from 1966 was used. The effective population size was calculated in two ways: first, computed via individual increase in inbreeding and second estimated by individual increase in coancestry. The known generation numbers were 1.24, 1.76 and 2.64 for complete, equivalent and maximum generation, respectively. The effective size computed via individual increase in coancestry was small with a value of 10.82 +/- 1.29. The effective size computed by individual increase in inbreeding (10.40 +/- 3.69) was very similar but a little smaller than the previous reported value. The average values of F and AR for the population reference (1,059) were 4.22 and 12.5 percent. The mean of F for inbred animals (319) was 14.0%. The F and AR means were 5.7 and 13.3% for animals with at least 1.5 known equivalent generation and 9.3 and 15.97% for individuals having at least 2.5 equivalent generations known. It was found 78 matings between half sibs (6.14%) and 67 matings (5.27%) between parent-offspring. The estimated inbreeding increase per generation by considering maximum generation, complete generation and equivalent generation were 1.21%, 5.18% and 3.57%, respectively. Considering the uncompleted pedigree, the estimated inbreeding for the reference population could be underestimated.

Estimating the average length of hospitalization due to pneumonia: a fuzzy approach

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Correlates of above-average cognitive performance among older adults: the SABE study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lifespan and reproductive dynamics of the commercially important sea bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Penaeoidea): synthesis of a 5-year study

Population parameters of the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) (sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (carapace length, CL), growth, lifespan, size of sexual maturity, spawning and recruitment) were analyzed in a long-term study from January 1998 through June 2003. The data on these parameters were collected and analyzed to test the hypothesis that the main period of juvenile recruitment in the bay coincides with the period of fishery closures currently designated by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. Monthly collections were conducted along the southeastern Brazilian coast, using a shrimp fishing boat with “double-rig” nets sampling at stations up to 40 m depth. Sex ratios were female-biased only in zones with high reproductive activity such as in stations deeper than 15 m (χ2 test, p<0.05). The mean size of males and females was 15.3 ± 3.1 mm CL and 16.2 ± 4.7 mm CL, respectively, with size at sexual maturity estimates (CL50) of 14.8 mm for males and 15.5 mm for females. Mean growth curves provided estimates of CL∞ = 29.31 mm, k = 0.009/day, t0=−0.25 and CL∞ = 35.33 mm, k = 0.006/day, t0=−0.23 for males and females, respectively, and average lifespans of 1.35 for males and 2.12 years for females. Recruitment and abundances of reproductive females were highly correlated with the environmental factors such as higher water temperature and finer-grained bottom sediment (canonical correlation, r=0.63, p<0.001). The reproductive peaks in February-April 1998, March-May 1999 and February-May 2002 were followed by recruitment peaks in May-July 1998, July-September 1999 and April-June 2002, respectively. Thus, the proposed period of fisheries closure (March to May) does not coincide with the main recruitment periods observed for X. kroyeri.

Prediction of genomic-enabled breeding values and genome-wide association study for feedlot average daily weight gain in Nelore cattle

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Lifespan and reproductive dynamics of the commercially important sea bob shrimp xiphopenaeus kroyeri (penaeoidea): synthesis of a 5-year study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Wide localized solutions of the parity-time-symmetric nonautonomous nonlinear Schrodinger equation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)