91 resultados para Brasil. [Código florestal (1965)]
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Historically the evolution of the occupation of ararense territory was due to the expansion of agricultural activities. Such activities were intensified with the transformations engendered by the Green Revolution, increasing the exploitation, the area occupied by agriculture and the deforestation and consequent environmental degradation. Therefore the current reality of rural areas in Araras/SP has shown that part of agricultural practices made it does not guarantee the effectiveness of environmental legislation and the sustainability of farms. Considering the recently implemented environmental policies, such as Law nº 12.651 / 2012, better known as New Forest Code and Decree nº 8.235 / 2014 establishing a period of one year to rural property registered with the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), as tools targeting to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to building a sustainable rural development. This work aims to analyze the dynamics of the rural municipality of Araras on the environmental situation in some rural properties and actions to be taken by the owners to the full compliance of its properties before the environmental public policy
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Due to the considerations on the Legal Forest Reserve, the aim of this paper is to show the distribution of the farming areas in the region and their application – especially natural forests. Also, to compare the municipal values with those stated in the Brazilian Forest Code in order to analyze the process of implementing 20% of forest area in relation to the total farming area, at municipal and regional levels, not considering the areas of each of the farms nor the watershed to which they belong with the Brazilian Forestry Code. The work results show that all municipalities in the region of Botucatu do not have forest areas equal or greater than 20% of total area. Therefore, a non-exploratory reforestation procedure will have to be implemented to follow legal requirements. Finally, the results show that the city of Areipolis will face the greatest difficulties in implementing the 20% of forests with regard to the Legal Forest Reserve, until 2021, when the deadline stated by the Legal Code expires. According to the same variables, the municipalities of Anhembi, Conchas, Laranjal Paulista, Pereiras, Pratnia and So Manuel will face medium-level difficulties, whereas Bofete, Botucatu, Itatinga and Pardinho will implement it the easiest way.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate land use and occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) as well as its use conflicts by TM (Thematic Mapper) image of the 2010 Landsat-5 satellite, according to the Forest Code. For that purpose, Geographic Information Systems in the Ribeiro Paraso watershed, So Manuel, SP were used. The combination of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technologies allowed representation of spatial distribution of the landscape and data integration in the diagnosis of geographic interest. The 2010 mapping showed 12 use categories, and the sugar cane crop had the largest land occupation, 48.25% of the area. The areas of permanent preservation amounted to 925.74 ha, which is an ideal value based on the Brazilian legislation. Mapping of land use conflicts showed intensive anthropic actions going 80.13% forward on PPAs, with only 19.87% remaining forests, which highlights their negative impact and illegal situations in these areas.
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The morphometric characterization of watersheds is of great importance in assisting the planning of these areas to preserve the environment and maintain the quantity and quality of water production. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology and simulate the areas of permanent preservation according to the Brazilian Forest Code of watershed of the gua-Fria stream. The studied area is located in the municipality of Bofete-SP, between the geographic coordinates: 48° 09' 30" to 48° 18' 30" longitude (WGr) and 22° 58' 30" to 23° 04' 30" latitude S. The results showed a 5th order micro watershed with an area of 152.43 km2 and low drainage density of 1.04 km/km2. Circularity was 0.51 and form factor was 0.41, which is considered low, and therefore with an oblong/oval shape. The sinuosity index of 1.29 revealed a tendency of rectilinear channels with compactness coefficient value of 1.38 and distance of runoff flow of 520m. Simulation of areas of permanent preservation shows an ideal model as the way springs and watercourses should be protected according to the Brazilian Forest Code, amounting to an area of 10.02 km2.
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This study aimed to recognize the significant temporal changes in land use between 1984 and 2008 in Barra Bonita City/ SP and to analyze the conflicts of land use in permanent preservation areas (PPA) with reference to the Forest Code and Resolution N. 303/2002 of CONAMA. The GIS Idrisi Andes 5.0 – geographic information system was used and the images were processed by LANDSAT TM5. Maps of land use were obtained by Maxver supervised classification and showed that in 1984 the area occupied by sugar cane crop was about 10.50 ha (70%) in 1984 and 10.90 ha in 2008. In analysis of conflicts about land use in permanent preservation areas showed that in 24 years the sugar-cane crops increased 3.6% on PPA. The occupation was represented by adequate forest of 279.25 ha (31.5% of total) in 1984. In 2008, the sugar-cane crop was the biggest conflict in PPA occupying 357.9 ha and 11.4% corresponds to areas in preparation for use. This year, 59.5% of total PPA is at odds with environmental legislation.
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O trabalho visou obter o uso do solo da microbacia do Ribeiro Duas guas – Botucatu (SP), atravs de imagem de satlite, a determinao das reas de Preservao Permanentes (APPs) e os conflitos existentes na rea. As bases cartogrficas foram: a carta planialtimtrica em formato digital do IBGE de 1969 e imagem de satlite de 2011. O SIG-IDRISI Selva foi utilizado para realizar o georreferenciamento da imagem, gerao dos buffer de APPs e o overlay para obteno dos conflitos de uso alm da confeco do mapa temtico final. No CartaLinx foi feita a delimitao da rea de estudo e dos elementos (da rede de drenagem e das reas de uso e cobertura). O uso da terra mostrou que a microbacia vem sendo ocupada por 1149,67ha de florestas naturais; 1073,45ha de reflorestamento; 737,67ha de pastagens; 691,93ha com solo exposto e 132,33ha de campo sujo. J quanto as APPs, elas correspondem a 366,34ha de toda a microbacia, e destas 89,32ha estosendo usadas para outros fins evidenciando assim seu conflito de uso. Desta forma, a caracterizao do uso e cobertura da terra da regio possibilitou uma infinidade de informaes sobre a tipologia de manejo aplicado e na identificao de problemas ambientais que se configuram em decorrncia de seu uso. Quanto aos conflitos em APPs uma parte significante da rea da microbacia est sendo utilizada inadequadamente, no respeitando a legislao do Cdigo Florestal Brasileiro.
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Evaluation and adequacy of land occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) are important to ensure quantity and quality of water and local biodiversity. The objective of the study was mapping PPAs according to the Brazilian Forest Code and quantifying land cover and use, establishing the conflict of PPAs occupation in the Ribeiro Lavaps sub watershed. The area is 11,154.58 ha, and is located in Botucatu city, Midwestern region of So Paulo state. For this reason, geoprocessing tools, such as Remote Sensing and the Geographic Information System (SIG) were used. The dominant classes of land use and cover were the Urban Zone in Reverse Cuesta, 4,394.27 ha (39.39%) and Annual Crops in the Peripheral Depression, 3,670.89 ha (39.39%). The mapped area of native forest vegetal cover in the sub watershed was of 1,109.70 ha. Regarding the mapping of PPAs, considering the total area of 1,721.80 ha, a total of 532.15 ha (30.91%) are covered by Riparian Forest and 1,189.65 ha (69.09%) had no native riparian vegetation, therefore, requiring its reforestation.
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Informaes florsticas escassas, referentes ao municpio de Bauru, e a elaborao de hipteses sobre mecanismos de ocupao de fitocenoses florestais por espcies savnicas, representaram as principais questes motivadoras do presente estudo, desenvolvido em dois fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual (5 ha e 7 ha) mantidos pelo Jardim Botnico de Bauru, que abriga tambm savana florestada. O material botnico foi coletado a partir de caminhadas ao acaso e em parcelas implantadas durante estudo fitossociolgico. Foram encontradas 264 espcies arbustivo-arbreas, pertencentes a 58 famlias. Dessas espcies 126 foram coletadas apenas na fitocenose florestal, e 66 espcies foram coletadas em ambas as fitocenoses. As duas famlias com o maior nmero de espcies foram Rubiaceae (25 espcies) e Myrtaceae (21 espcies). Foi realizada anlise de similaridade florstica, a partir do ndice de Jaccard (SJ), entre a floresta do JBMB e outros 11 remanescentes florestais, alguns dos quais, sob influncia florstica savnica. A riqueza florstica dos fragmentos florestais do JBMB sofreu incremento, pela ocupao de espcies savnicas, oriundas da savana florestada contgua. Incndios pretritos, alm da ocorrncia de microambientes distintos, representaram provveis fatores de facilitao para a invaso dessas espcies savnicas.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Ps-graduao em Cincias Biolgicas (Zoologia) - IBB
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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O presente trabalho prope-se a discutir os determinantes do processo de desenvolvimento de software livre, seus efeitos na indstria de software e as aes do governo em relao a estas iniciativas Impulsionados, principalmente, pelos impactos dos avanos nas tecnologias de informao e comunicao e por inovaes de processos relacionados a estes progressos, projetos de desenvolvimento de Software Livre/Cdigo Aberto vm crescendo em ritmo cada vez mais acelerado e tornando-se alvo de estratgias de empresas e polticas pblicas. A partir desta constatao, o trabalho procura relacionar o arcabouo terico que visa explicar estas iniciativas com dados da indstria brasileira de software e verificar como este modelo de produo pode modificar e agregar s suas feies. Foi realizado tambm um balano das intervenes do governo brasileiro relacionadas a software livre/cdigo aberto
