Temperatura e enriquecimento ambiental sobre o bem-estar de coelhos em crescimento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An implicit BEM formulation to model strong discontinuities in solids

A boundary element method (BEM) formulation to predict the behavior of solids exhibiting displacement (strong) discontinuity is presented. In this formulation, the effects of the displacement jump of a discontinuity interface embedded in an internal cell are reproduced by an equivalent strain field over the cell. To compute the stresses, this equivalent strain field is assumed as the inelastic part of the total strain. As a consequence, the non-linear BEM integral equations that result from the proposed approach are similar to those of the implicit BEM based on initial strains. Since discontinuity interfaces can be introduced inside the cell independently on the cell boundaries, the proposed BEM formulation, combined with a tracking scheme to trace the discontinuity path during the analysis, allows for arbitrary discontinuity propagation using a fixed mesh. A simple technique to track the crack path is outlined. This technique is based on the construction of a polygonal line formed by segments inside the cells, in which the assumed failure criterion is reached. Two experimental concrete fracture tests were analyzed to assess the performance of the proposed formulation.

Linear analysis of building floor structures by a BEM formulation based on Reissner's theory

In this work, the plate bending formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) based on the Reissner's hypothesis is extended to the analysis of zoned plates in order to model a building floor structure. In the proposed formulation each sub-region defines a beam or a slab and depending on the way the sub-regions are represented, one can have two different types of analysis. In the simple bending problem all sub-regions are defined by their middle surface. on the other hand, for the coupled stretching-bending problem all sub-regions are referred to a chosen reference surface, therefore eccentricity effects are taken into account. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are automatically imposed by the integral equations, which treat this composed structure as a single body. The bending and stretching values defined on the interfaces are approximated along the beam width, reducing therefore the number of degrees of freedom. Then, in the proposed model the set of equations is written in terms of the problem values on the beam axis and on the external boundary without beams. Finally some numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy of the proposed model.

A BEM formulation based on Reissner's theory to perform simple bending analysis of plates reinforced by rectangular beams

In this work, the plate bending formulation of the boundary element method (BEM), based on the Reissner's hypothesis, is extended to the analysis of plates reinforced by rectangular beams. This composed structure is modelled by a zoned plate, being the beams represented by narrow sub-regions with larger thickness. The integral equations are derived by applying the weighted residual method to each sub-region, and summing them to get the equation for the whole plate. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are automatically imposed by the integral equations, which treat this composed structure as a single body. In order to decrease the number of degrees of freedom, some approximations are considered for both displacements and tractions along the beam width. The accuracy of the proposed model is illustrated by simple examples whose exact solution are known as well as by more complex examples whose numerical results are compared with a well-known finite element code.

As escolas vocacionais e o terceiro ambiente de Hargreaves

The article refers to an official school experience which was developed in the Brazilian education in the 60's - the vocational schools. These schools enabled an artistic-musical learning experience which would be less technicist and autocratic, contributing in a satisfactory way to the future performing formation of the students. In addition to the historical report, the text refers to the British educator D. Hargreaves, who researched on the importance of the "third environment" in the musical learning and on the relationship existing between the internal and the external cognitive process. The text is part of the Master or Arts dissertation which is being carried out in the IA-UNESP (Institute of Arts - State of São Paulo University). The musical-theoretical foundations were provided by the ideas of D. Hargreaves, Sigurd Rascher, Yehudi Menuhi, among others, and by some researchers in the area of education. It is justified on the grounds of the present moment experienced by the musical teaching in face of the approval of Law n(o) 11.769/2008.

Cacaso não é bem o caso do acaso

Through the reading of Lero-lero, a collection of Cacaso's poetical work, this article questions the supposition that marginal poetry has no literary value as it was created through spontaneous expression of day-to-day facts, overlooking poetical elaboration. On the contrary, Cacasós poems point towards the construction of a simulacrum of spontaneity sustained not by a formal unconcern, but by a refined language, thereby placing the so-called literary values on a tightrope. Therefore we shall examine what this might mean and its effects.

Importância da região anteroventral do terceiro ventrículo (AV3V) no controle cardiovascular e do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico

The maintenance of the arterial pressure in normal levels is important for the homeostasis of body fluids. The central nervous system regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic efferent can adjust arterial pressure which allows animals or human to face different daily activities with the best performance. Different central areas are responsible for the control of autonomic discharges to cardiovascular system and many of them are also involved in the control of fluid electrolyte balance. One of these areas is the tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V region) localized in the forebrain and a main central site for angiotensin II receptors and osmoreceptors. The AV3V lesions impair the development of many models of experimental hypertension in rats and the pressor responses to different stimuli. Lesions of the AV3V region also reduce dipsogenic responses to angiotensin II, central cholinergic activation, water deprivation and increase in plasma osmolarity, atrial natriuretic peptide secretion produced by body fluid expansion and the increase in renal excretion to central cholinergic activation. Recent evidence also suggests the participation of AV3V region in pressor responses produced by the activation of medullary mechanisms.

Transformação cística como consequência de terceiro molar inferior incluso

The permanence of impacted third molar in the jaws can cause many pathological alterations, amongst them the appearance of odontogenic cysts. The paradental cyst appearance and evolution next to a mandibular included third molar was diagnosised in radiograph routine follow-up, and its evolution and treatment are described. Are discussed the aspects related with the preventive removal to the impacted third molars and the necessity to institution a plan of treatment based in clinical history and radiograph in order to establish a preventive protocol the alterations caused by these impactions. The indication of extraction of impacted third enclosed can be a way to preventing the appearance of these and otherspathologies associates to these lesions.

Determinação da densidade mineral e da elasticidade óssea após a aplicação de ondas de choque extracorpóreas no terceiro metacarpiano de equinos atletas

The porpoise of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock waves in third metacarpus bone from healthy horses by determination of bone elasticity. It were used 20 Thoroughbred horses, male and female, with two years old, on top of training and selected as the state healthy. At the beginning of the experiment (D0), all animals were submitted for evaluation of bone elasticity held in the third metacarpus bone. The animals were divided into two groups (Control Group - CG and Experimental Group - EG). The application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was performed on the right forelimb of the animals in the experimental group in the same place evaluated for bone elasticity and was used apparatus for extracorporeal therapy of waves with 0.15 mJ/mm2 energy flux density and 2000 pulses with E6R20 probe, with focus feature of the shock wave of 20 mm. The ESWT were repeated every 21 days, a total of three sessions (D0, D21 and D42). The analysis of bone elasticity determination was realized at D21, D42 and D72. The average of speed ultrasound differed between groups at D21, D42 and D72, and the animals from EG had lower bone mineral density after applications of ESWT. There was also difference in the analysis of bone mass (Z-Score) between the groups at D21 and D42, which animals from EG showed a significant decrease in bone mass. The risk of fracture was higher in animals from experimental group at D21. It was concluded that ESWT is able to promote change in bone mineral density.

Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico envolvendo raízes nervosas do terceiro segmento medular lombar em um cão

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) involving spinal nerve roots are uncommon in dogs. A nine-year old, intact, mixed-breed dog, demonstrated clinical signs of incoordination in the pelvic limbs and micturition for approximately one week. Clinical examination revealed proprioceptive deficits and bilateral patellar hyperreflexia. During exploratory celiotomy a mass was observed adhered to the lumbar vertebral segments. Medical therapy was initiated, but neurological signs were progressive, and the owner opted for euthanasia. Gross examination showed that the mass in the abdominal cavity was attached to the lumbar segments L3 and L4, causing bone lysis in L3, but showed no tumor invasion into the spinal canal. Microscopic features were characterized by prominent proliferation of ovoid and fusiform cells with poorly defined cytoplasm arranged in interlacing bundles and concentric whorls. The cells were embedded in a delicate to moderate collagenous stroma and moderate anisokariose and high mitotic activity were noted. The immunohistochemical assay showed positive staining for GFAP, S-100 protein and vimentin, and negative staining for factor VIII, α-actin and citokeratine. The definitive diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was made on the basis of the histological and immunohistochemical findings.

Estudo da segurança de cosméticos: Presente e futuro

Cosmetics have been used since ancient times and, recently, their consumption has increased greatly in many countries, including brazil, which is the third largest consumer market in the world. Thus, concern for the safety and efficacy of these products should be heightened, even though these products are rarely related to adverse reactions that damage the health. Brazilian law requires manufacturers to subject their products to safety testing, to assess the possible reactions that could be caused by them (irritation, sensitization, systemic effects). To this end, in general, animals have been used as the experimental model, but this practice is being increasingly controlled, so that the scientific community is looking for alternative tests that do not require experimental in vivo models. Thus, this review aims to describe the main biological assays used to assess the safety of cosmetics, as well as in vitro assays that can replace them.

A metáfora do Bogatyr: o corpo acrobata e a cena russa no início do século XX

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Em foco: professores de Artes e suas experiências com os materiais educativos Lá vai Maria Bem-vindo professor! arte br

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA