Fragmentos dos trilhos na paisagem de São Paulo: os brownfields ferroviários e sua refuncionalização

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapeamento do Uso do Solo Nas Sub-bacias dos Córregos São José e Água do Ventura, Bauru (SP)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, mapear o uso da terra das sub-bacias dos córregos São José e Água do Ventura no ano 2000, e verificar, como esta ocupação vem atuando nos processos de assoreamento dos corpos de água. O estudo teve como base, um mosaico em escala nominal aproximada de 1:10.000, produzido a partir de fotografias aéreas verticais do ano 2000, em escala nominal aproximada 1:30.000. Os resultados permitiram constatar que a pastagem foi a maior ocupação do solo, com 430,89 ha, correspondente a 65,21% da área estudada. Devido ao manejo inadequado do solo, é a cobertura vegetal que mais produz sedimentos por ocasião das chuvas, merecendo cuidados especiais para evitar os processos erosivos do solo. Foi constatado também, que os serviços de adequação e melhoria de estradas rurais, executados nas estradas municipais BRU-030 (antiga Bauru/Piratininga) e variante da BRU-030, atingiram seus objetivos, pois, praticamente, acabaram com a erosão das estradas, permitindo tráfego o ano inteiro, reduzindo o custo de manutenção das estradas e aumentando o abastecimento do lençol freático, além de outros benefícios.

Análise morfotectônica e morfoestrutural no controle de erosões hídricas lineares na região de Marília (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise multitemporal de indicadores geoambientais como subsídio ao plano de gestão ambiental - Floresta Nacional de Ipanema - SP

The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis of multitemporal landscape Ipanema National Forest, located in the municipalities of Iperó, Capela do Alto and Araçoiaba da Serra – São Paulo estate, Brazil, considering the scenarios of 1965, 2007 and 2011. The multitemporal analysis, using aerial photographs and satellite images, contributed to the contextualization and spatialization of the evolution of the landscape area. Through analysis interpretation of the images, performed by means of supervised classification were obtained thematic maps of the area, equivalent to approximately 53 km2. Through geoprocessing techniques, especially Geographic Information Systems, it was possible the integration and manipulation of data, both spatial and statistical, allowing integrated analysis of data from the entire area of the National Forest of Ipanema. As the main result, we found that the Ipanema National Forest is in landscape evolution positive, with those 46 years examined the increase of native heavy foliage areas. Increasing from 7.1 km2 of the total area of dense vegetation in 1965 to 35.9 km2 in 2011. Overall, it was possible to realize a scenario landscape quite optimistic about the evolution of forest conservation area

Geotecnologias para análise da expansão urbana e consequências na APP do Córrego Olinda - Rio Claro/SP

Despite the current Environmental Legislation resolution, concerning the protection of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), be quite rigid, in practice, is observed noncompliance with the minimum limits of protection, especially in urban areas where, historically, the urbanization processes have been executed without compliance with the minimum standards of urban and environmental planning. Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the urban sprawl evolution at the Olinda stream APP, located in the city of Rio Claro - SP. By means of the visual interpretation of aerial photographs in the GIS/ARCGIS environment, thematic maps of the urban sprawl of the years 1972, 1995 and 2010, as well as the Olinda Stream APP surroundings, were prepared. From the maps, it was possible to measure the occupation density for each scenario and indicate from which period the urbanization process has intensified. It was also possible to quantify the loss of vegetation area and indicate the major environmental problems in the basin of the Olinda stream. Therefore, the development of this research shows its importance, considering that its results can support the public administration, assisting in proper planning of land use and occupation in urban watersheds

Elaboração de mapa de susceptibilidade de corridas de massa/detritos e ondas de cheia, aplicado a empreendimentos dutoviários, na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Given the intense expansion of the industries in Brazil and the discovery of hydrocarbons in the pre-salt layer of the Santos and Campos Basin, there is a need to expand the distribution of oil and gas network in the country. The present work aims to present the development of susceptibility map by two distinct methods of two events (debris flows and full wave), applied to the establishment of pipelines on Ribeirão da Prata Basin. The research area covers two municipalities: São João da Boa Vista and Águas da Prata, in total 145 km2. In the paper was used the methodology proposed by Zaine (2011) for the physiographic subdivision method, which uses geological maps, geomorphological maps, digital terrain models and aerial photographs, used to extract the main elements of the physical environment, as rivers, lines, ridges, tops forms and valley forms and historical processes. Thus, the basin was divided into 11 physiographic zones, considering the following elements: thickness of soil, rock type, geomorphology, amplitude, ridges orientation, erosion occurences and mass movements. Were subsequently performed location maps of dams, that had as main purpose to localize major dams in the study area along with their area and perimeter of the reservoir, and land use map that subdivided the area in woody vegetation, permanent culture, temporary culture and urban area. Along with the preparation of the auxiliar maps was conducted a field campaign with three days and approximately 2 points per km2, which aimed to better understand the physical environment and check the main peculiarities of the study area. Criteria have been established for susceptibility maps physiographic subdivision and land use, and a survey of criteria weights used in each map for both processes under study. For the preparation of susceptibility maps were adopted two different methods, which treat the weighted average and the multiplicand. The weighted average method it is...

Avaliação da degradação da mata ciliar no entorno do rio Corumbataí causada pela expansão urbana de Rio Claro/SP

In most brazilian cities, urban growth has occurred without adequate planning. Consequently, portions of the city were being occupied, often areas unfit for use and occupation of land, causing risks to local residents and decline of urban environmental quality. One of the most frequent problems is the riverbank occupation, causing the deforestation of the riparian vegetation. Given the above, this paper aimed to map the urban sprawl of Rio Claro/SP, as well as riparian vegetation in the vicinity of Corumbataí in the area including the urban area. For this purpose, GIS techniques were used in order to prepare the thematic map of urban expansion, as well as a map of the riparian vegetation through interpretation of aerial photographs in the environment of ARCGIS. From the maps, an analysis of “Plano Diretor” was made in order to verify if the current occupation of urban land meets the stipulations of this legal instrument

Mapeamento geológico-geontécnico de trecho da estrada vicinal na Serra de Itaqueri, Charqueada (SP)

Geological-geotechnical problems affecting escarps as well as embankment and fill slopes of roads and motorways may generate different types of unsteadiness, which are mainly arisen from the deficient knowledge about the physical environment. This results in unsuitable engineering projects and inadequate executions, which can be worsened by an occasional inappropriate maintenance of the construction. A geologically-geotechnically characterization of escarps and slopes is crucial in order to prevent these problems. This work deals with a geological-geotechnical study of 1:10.000 scale mapping in a stretch of a local road (CHQ-40) at the Serra de Itaqueri, Charqueada town, State of São Paulo. The stretch is known by several physical problems as erosion and mass movement. The methods of study were based on an integrative analysis of the diverse elements of the physical environment by using aerial photographs - to obtain the physiographic compartmentalization of terrain units - as well as field work - to accomplish the evaluation of the units by employing sketch lists. To achieve this, we selected several techniques in order to identify and classify different types of existing problems as erosion, landslide in embankments and fill slopes, rockfall, block rolling, among others. We also included the analysis of soil horizon, thickness and composition. The geological-geotechnical mapping resulted in six units: 1- Sandstones in cuesta’s backhill; 2 – Basalts in cuesta’s front; 3- Sandstones in cuesta’s front; 4 – Talus and colluvial deposits at cuesta’s foothill; 5- Sandstones of the Piramboia Formation in hillside; and 6 – Colluvial soil in the hill top. A characterization of the geological-geotechnical units is detailed, coupled to the cartographic material. Other cartographic products elaborated for this study included 1:10.000 maps of hypsometry, slope and curvature

Técnicas de geotecnologia na avaliação na área erodida na Bacia Hidrográfica Dois Córregos, Selviria-MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Avaliação das áreas de conflito de uso em APP na microbacia Ribeirão do Veado, Piratininga (SP) por meio de geotecnologias

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Urbanização e recursos hídricos: vulnerabilidade socioambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Piracicamirim na cidade de Piracicaba/SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Implicações geomorfológicas das alterações do escoamento superficial pela urbanização: análise dos processos erosivos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Tucunzinho (São Pedro - SP)

This paper presents an evaluation of the geomorphological implications of urban runoff on the evolution of linear erosion processes in peri-urban areas. The Tucunzinho watershed (São Pedro/SP) case was chosen because it presents linear erosive forms in which the dynamic is associated with urban expansion into fragile areas and implantation of inadequate dissipation devices. The method proposed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) was adopted to obtain the Curve Number (CN) and runoff hydrographs of different sectors of the basin. The coverage classification (use and occupancy) was based on analysis of aerial photographs of two periods (1962 and 2006, updated in the field in 2011). The IPHS1 model was used for the simulation and analysis of the hydrological behavior for both the pre-urban occupation and the current occupation. The hydrogeomorphological analysis helped understand the influence of the urban run-off on the erosion dynamics, clearly showing the ineffectiveness of dissipation energy devices in the area, which has a natural susceptibility to erosion due to litho-soil characteristics.

Caracterização do uso da terra em diferentes épocas na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão paraíso- são manuel sp, por meio de sistemas de informações geográficas

This study aimed to evaluate a period of 38 years, the use and soil occupation of the Paradise River watershed, inserted in the citys of São Manuel and Areiópolis-SP using aerial photographs for the year 1972 and TM image (Thematic Mapper) obtained by the Landsat-5 satellite, in 2010, using geoprocessing techniques. The watershed in question is very important for the city of São Manuel-SP, because its urban area is inserted in its divisors which part of it belongs to the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Perimeter Botucatu-SP, considered a recharge area of the aquifer Guarani. Today, the development of agriculture faces challenges, which is to produce more food without impacting the environment. Allied to this concern, research institutions have sought new technologies that allow the detection and quantification of human actions, enabling interventions in order to minimize possible damage to the environment. Among these technologies can be cited Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which a large volume of data and information stored in a region at different times can be evaluated in the same time, suggesting different approaches to the planning of land use. The results of the mapping of areas of use and soil occupation result nine classes in 1972, and the coffee culture showed the biggest occupation (37.94%) of the total area. The 2010 mapping formulated twelve classes of use, which demonstrated the predominance of sugar cane (37.94%), on the areas occupied by coffee and pasture before. The land use maps of 1972 and 2010 showed results that show intense human activity in the modification of natural landscape.

Comparação de medidas obtidas por diferentes aplicativos computacionais na obtenção de áreas citrícolas do Município de Botucatu

The great importance of citrus in São Paulo state, particularly in Botucatu city, the and its major expansion in area in recent years and the advancement of techniques for environmental monitoring, such as remote sensing motivated the present research. The aim of this study was the determination the areas and perimeters of citrus in the Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil, obtained through the softwares: Carta Linx, GIS-Idrisi and SPLAN, using aerial colored photographs of 2005, scaled at 1:30000 with longitudinal covering of approximately 60% and 30% laterally. The areas obtained from the aerial photographs and evaluated by Carta Linx presented values closer to the terrestrial reality in determining areas and perimeters, whereas GIS-Idrisi showed discrepancies in the determination of the perimeters, due to working with matrixes. SPLAN and Carta Linx had values for perimeters and areas in close proximity, due to work with vectors.

Acompanhamento da dinâmica do uso do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica no Município de Botucatu (SP) por meio de geotecnologia

The increasing expansion of agricultural activities, without considering the potential and limitations of soils is a potential source of environmental degradation. Thus, the present study assessed the variation of use and occupation in 49 years, between 1962 and 2011 scenarios of watershed of São Caetano - Botucatu (SP). geoprocessing techniques were used in this study. In a Geographic Information System (GIS) - IDRISI – it was integrated information from IBGE digital cards, scale 1:50,000, plus aerial photographs (1962) and satellite images LANDSAT - 5 (2011). In the study area, we can view the progress of the urban area, which in 1962 was not present in the watershed. In 2011, the urban area occupied 21.37% of the total area. Even with this breakthrough occurring in the period of 49 years, there was an increase in the area of natural vegetation, which once occupied only 12.33% of the area (1962), and in 2011 represents 25% of the total area of the watershed, showing an increase in awareness on the importance of preserving nature. Thus, we can conclude that the analysis tools based on GIS enabled us to analyze variations in space and time and to propose alternatives to the correct use and occupation of land.