Alcohol extract of Pterogyne nitens leaves fails to reduce severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Constituintes químicos das flores de Pterogyne nitens (Caesalpinioideae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho em pousio e cultivo intensivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Indicadores de desempenho em rebanho da raça Holandesa: curvas de crescimento e altura, características reprodutivas, produtivas e parâmetros genéticos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do creep feeding sobre o desempenho de bezerros e a eficiência reprodutiva de primíparas Nelore, em pastejo

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de bezerros em sistema de creep feeding, em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha, durante o período de amamentação, sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD), peso à desmama (PD) e taxa de gestação, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, utilizando 102 vacas Nelore (primíparas de baixa condição corporal ao início da estação de monta) e seus bezerros, divididos em dois grupos: T1 (n=52), não tratado e T2 (n=50), tratado com suplemento à base de 20% de PB e 75% de NDT. O consumo médio diário estimado no período foi 0,61kg de suplemento/bezerro/dia. Observaram-se diferenças entre T1 e T2 quanto ao PD (P<0,01) e GMD (P<0,05), com valores, respectivamente, de 155,10±2,72 e 163,80±2,53kg; e 0,59±0,015 e 0,64±0,014kg. A taxa de gestação não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A suplementação em creep feeding pode aumentar o GMD e o PD de bezerros Nelore, sem alterar a taxa de gestação de primíparas que iniciam a estação de monta com baixa condição corporal.

Diagnóstico sorológico de erliquiose canina com antígeno brasileiro de Ehrlichia canis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de substratos e boro no enraizamento de estacas de pitaya

A pitaya é uma espécie vegetal trepadeira e frutífera, pertencente à família das cactáceas e que vem se destacando no mercado de frutas exóticas no Brasil. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes substratos no enraizamento de cladódios com a base imersa e não-imersa em solução com ácido bórico, na formação e no desenvolvimento inicial de raízes, visando à obtenção de mudas mais vigorosas, de melhor qualidade e com maiores chances de sobrevivência. O experimento foi conduzido sob ripado no Departamento de Produção Vegetal, setor de Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas no campus de Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (substratos x boro), com quatro repetições. Após 60 dias da instalação do experimento foram avaliados: massa de matérias fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa de matérias fresca e seca das raízes e comprimento da maior raiz. O crescimento e desenvolvimento radicular inicial de estacas são influenciados pelo tipo de substrato e pelo uso do micronutriente boro. A mistura areia + esterco proporciona maior acúmulo de fitomassa na parte aérea e no sistema radicular de pitaya vermelha. Dentre os substratos trabalhados, o mais indicado para a produção de mudas mais vigorosas e de boa qualidade é o preparado à base de mistura de areia + esterco bovino curtido.

Conservação de maracujá-doce pelo uso de cera e choque a frio

Estudou-se o efeito do choque a frio e da cera, na conservação pós-colheita do maracujá-doce (Passiflora alata Dryander), verificando as principais alterações físicas e químicas durante o armazenamento. Os frutos, colhidos no estádio pré-climatérico, foram desinfetados com hipoclorito de sódio e em seguida, submetidos aos tratamentos: testemunha; cera Sta fresh (1:2); choque frio (-2°C por 2 horas) + cera Sta fresh (1:2); choque frio (-2°C por 2 horas). Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 6 dias quanto a perda de peso, textura, rendimento de suco, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável. Após 30 dias a 9°C e 85-90% UR, pode-se concluir que o tratamento mais adequado à conservação do maracujá-doce foi o que utilizou a cera Sta Fresh. Os tratamentos com choque a frio e com choque a frio + cera não foram eficientes para manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita do maracujá-doce.

Characterization of humic-rich hydrocolloids and their metal species by means of competing ligand and metal exchange - an on-site approach

An improved on-site characterization of humic-rich hydrocolloids and their metal species in aquatic environments was the goal of the present approach. Both ligand exchange with extreme chelators ( diethylenetetraaminepentaacetic acid ( DTPA), ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA)) and metal exchange with strongly competitive cations (Cu(II)) were used on-site to characterize the conditional stability and availability of colloidal metal species in a humic-rich German bogwater lake ( Venner Moor, Munsterland). A mobile time-controlled tangential-flow ultrafiltration technique (cut-off: 1 kDa) was applied to differentiate operationally between colloidal metal species and free metal ions, respectively. DOC ( dissolved organic carbon) and metal determinations were carried out off-site using a home-built carbon analyzer and conventional ICP-OES ( inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry), respectively. From the metal exchange equilibria obtained on-site the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the original metal species ( Fe, Mn, Zn) could be characterized. Conditional exchange constants K ex obtained from aquatic metal species and competitive Cu(II) ions follow the order Mn > Zn >> Fe. Obviously, Mn and Zn bound to humic-rich hydrocolloids are very strongly competed by Cu( II) ions, in contrast to Fe which is scarcely exchangeable. The exchange of aquatic metal species (e.g. Fe) by DTPA/EDTA exhibited relatively slow kinetics but rather high metal availabilities, in contrast to their Cu(II) exchange.

Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf), with an assessment of morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features

Background: Hematology tests are useful to evaluate physiologic disturbances in fish and can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Objectives: the primary purpose of this study was to define reference intervals for thrombocytes and leukocytes in healthy channel catfish (Ictalurus punctactus). In addition, the morphologic, cytochernical, and ultrastructural features of blood cells were assessed. Methods: Blood samples (0.5 mL were collected into EDTA from 40 clinically healthy catfish on a commercial fish farm in Jaboticabal, Brazil. Thrombocyte, total WBC, and differential WBC counts were determined and reference intervals were calculated as the 25-95th percentiles of data. Thrombocyte and leukocyte morphology was assessed in blood smears stained with May Griinwald-Giemsa-Wright and ultrastructurally by transmission electron microscopy. Cytochemical staining patterns were described using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), peroxidase, nonspecific esterase, alkaline phosphatase, and toluidine blue. Results: Reference intervals were as follows: thrombocytes 58,802-99,569/mu L; total WBCs 27,460-41,523/mu L; lymphocytes 5380-11,581/mu L; monocytes 2949-7459/mu L; neutrophils 12,529-22,748/mu L, and basophils 736-2003/mu L. Neutrophils were positive for peroxidase and PAS; monocytes were positive for nonspecific esterase; and basophils were positive with toluidine blue. Conclusion: the morphologic and staining features of neutrophils and monocytes of channel catfish are similar to those of mammals, and the presence of basophils in this species was verified. These reference intervals and morphologic findings provide a foundation for future investigations on the functions and alterations of blood cells in channel catfish.

Size effect on structure and dielectric properties of Nb-doped barium titanate

It is known that the dielectric properties of BaTiO3 (BT) are strongly dependent on its grain size. Coarse-grained ceramics of pure BT showed lower dielectric constant at room temperature then fine grained. Many authors considered that when the grain size is lower than 700 nm, the lattice of BT changes from tetragonal to pseudocubic, and the dielectric constant value is very low. In the doped BT this effect is more complex, because it is necessary to consider also the influence of dopants. The grain size effect on the structure and dielectric properties of niobium-doped barium titanate was investigated. Niobium-doped barium titanate was prepared from powders obtained by doping of commercial barium titanate and from organometallic complex using citrates as precursors (Pechini procedure). The crystal and microstructure of sintered niobium-doped barium titanate were determined. Dielectric constant and dissipation factor were measured. The observation confirmed that the structure and properties are strongly dependent on grain size. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Pb-210-derived chronology in sediment cores evidencing the anthropogenic occupation history at Corumbata River basin, Brazil

Activity profiles of excess Pb-210 combined with chemical data determined in two sediment cores from Corumbatai River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil, provided new insights into the reconstruction of historical inputs of anthropogenic constituents, contributing to improving management strategies of the hydrological resources in the basin since most of the municipalities extensively utilize the waters of Corumbatai River and tributaries for drinking purposes, among other uses. Excellent significant relationships between loss on ignition (LOI) and organic matter were found for sediments of both analyzed profiles. Silica was found to be inversely related to organic matter at both analyzed profiles: its decrease accompanied an increase in the specific surface of the sediments. This relationship was confirmed by a great number of inverse significant correlations among silica and oxides Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, P2O5, Fe2O3, MnO, and TiO2. It was possible to identify the role of organic matter on adsorption of several oxides/elements in the core sediments profiles. Apparent sediment mass accumulation rates corresponding to 224 and 802 mg cm(-2) year(-1) were obtained, and are compatible with field evidence, indicating a higher value associated with sand mining activities interfering with the natural/normal sedimentation process, due to modifications of the channel drainage.

Purification and characterization of jararassin-I, a thrombin-like enzyme from Bothrops jararaca snake venom

A thrombin-like serine protease, jararassin-I, was isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararaca. The protein was obtained in high yield and purity by a single chromatographic step using the affinity resin Benzamidine-Sepharose CL-6B. SDS-PAGE and dynamic light scattering analyses indicated that the molecular mass of the enzyme was about 30 kD. The enzyme possessed fibrinogenolytic and coagulant activities. The jararassin-I degraded the Bbeta chain of fibrinogen while the Aalpha chain and gammachain were unchanged. Proteases inhibitors, PMSF and benzamidine inhibited the coagulant activity. These results showed jararassin-I is a serine protease similar to coagulating thrombin-like snake venom proteases, but it specifically cleaves Bbeta chain of bovine fibrinogen. Single crystals of enzyme were obtained (0.2 mmx0.2 mmx0.2 mm) and used for X-ray diffraction experiments.

OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION RELATED TO SIZE AND SEX IN THE TROPICAL MILLIPEDE PSEUDONANNOLENE-TRICOLOR (DIPLOPODA, SPIROSTREPTIDA)

1. The oxygen consumption of the tropical millipede, Pseudonannolene tricolor (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae) was studied in both male and female animals (body mass varying from 0.242 to 2.802 g) using a Warburg microrespirometer at 25-degrees-C.2. The allometric equation M = a W(b) was used in order to check the metabolic increases with increasing body mass. The b exponents were, respectively, 0.68 for males and 0.60 for females.3. Results are discussed in terms of the meaning of the b values in Diplopoda and animals in general.4. A relationship between volume and body mass in P. tricolor is also reported.