The epiphytic Cactaceae Hylocereus setaceus (Salm-Dick ex DC.) ralf bauer seed germination is controlled by light and temperature

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes e doses de adubos fosfatados na cultura da soja, em solo de cerrado

O presente trabalho foi realizado em um LE da Fazenda Experimental da UNESP-Campus de Ilha Solteira, município de Selvíria, MS. No 1° cultivo os tratamentos foram três fontes fosfatadas (superfosfato triplo, termofosfato Mg e fosfato de Araxá) e quatro níveis (145-290-435-58O kg/ha de P2O5 total) aplicados a lanço seguido de incorporação ao solo. Houve um tratamento que não recebeu P. No 2° cultivo estudou-se o efeito residual dos adubos do 1° cultivo e de mais cinco níveis de fósforo (superfosfato triplo) em manutenção (0-36-72-108 - 144 kg/ha de P2O5), no sulco de plantio. A planta teste utilizada foi a soja 'UFV-1'. Foi observado uma resposta significativa da cultura à adubação fosfatada. Otermofosfato Mg apresentou comportamento semelhante ao superfosfato triplo no 1° cultivo, e foi superior a ele quanto aos efeitos residuais. Ofosfato de Araxá, comparado ao superfosfato triplo, apresentou eficiência superior a 80% com ou sem adubação de manutenção, possuindo, portanto, condições de ser empregado na adubação corretiva em solos de baixa fertilidade.

Nematofauna fitopatogênica de sementes comerciais de forrageiras tropicais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluation of the addition of ascorbic acid to the ration of cultivated Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) on the infrapopulation of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea)

Sixty Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (pacu) fry fed a diet containing 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg ascorbic acid/kg dry feed were studied to evaluate the effect on parasitic infestation by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak and Martins, 1995 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) for a period of 24 weeks. The temperature of the aquaria was measured daily and remained between 28 and 31oC. At the beginning of the experiment, fish showed 6.15 ± 0.33 cm standard length and 8.64 ± 1.62 g average body weight. A sample of fish was examined and showed 43 ± 17 monogeneans per fish. At the end of the experiment, the gills of control and vitamin C-treated fish were collected for parasite counts. Control fish had 42.5 parasites per fish, a significantly higher number (P<0.05) when compared with fish fed vitamin C, that showed 16.5 parasites per fish. Ascorbic acid fortification in the food promoted an increase in fish resistance to parasites. It is suggested that an optimum level of 139 mg/kg vitamin C supplementation either elicited better nutritional conditions by stimulating the appetite of the fish or improved the immune response.

A relação V/VE da radiação solar sob o dossel de uma área de Mata Atlântica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nesting behavior of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura (Trochilidae, aves)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evidence of an XX/XY sex chromosome system in the fish Dormitator maculatus (Teleostei, Eleotrididae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Padrão de fermentação e composição química de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e sorgo submetidas ou não a inoculação microbiana

Objetivou-se avaliar o padrão de fermentação e a composição química de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo confeccionadas com ou sem o uso de inoculante microbiano. Avaliou-se, no experimento 1, a silagem de grãos úmidos de milho e, no experimento 2, a silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo. O material foi ensilado em silos experimentais de PVC (50 cm de comprimento e 100 mm de diâmetro), três por tratamento (tempo de armazenagem, com ou sem inoculante) para cada grão. Amostras foram tomadas antes (0) e aos 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 dias após a ensilagem, totalizando 48 silos experimentais para cada grão. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 9 (com e sem inoculante microbiano, nove tempos de armazenagem), com três repetições para cada grão. Não houve efeito da inoculação e do tempo pós-ensilagem sobre o teor de MS dos grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo, com médias de 64,13 e 64,03% e de 67,66 e 67,48% para silagens controle e inoculadas, respectivamente. Não houve efeito da inoculação sobre o pH dos grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo aos 64 dias após ensilagem, com médias de 3,97 e 3,92 e de 3,94 e 3,95 unidades para silagens controle e inoculadas, respectivamente. O inoculante microbiano não promoveu alterações na composição química nem redução de perdas da MS nas silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo. Nas condições estudadas, não é necessária inoculação para melhoria nos padrões fermentativos de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo.

Optical properties and frequency upconversion fluorescence in a Tm3+-doped alkali niobium tellurite glass

Optical spectroscopic properties of Tm3+-doped 60TeO(2)-10GeO(2)-10K(2)O-10Li(2)O-10Nb(2)O(5) glass are reported. The absorption spectra were obtained and radiative parameters were determined using the Judd-Ofelt theory. Characteristics of excited states were studied in two sets of experiments. Excitation at 360 nm originates a relatively narrow band emission at 450 nm attributed to transition D-1(2)-->F-3(4) of the Tm3+ ion with photon energy larger than the band-gap energy of the glass matrix. Excitation at 655 nm originates a frequency upconverted emission at 450 nm (D-1(2)-->F-3(4)) and emission at 790 nm (H-3(4)-->H-3(6)). The radiative lifetimes of levels D-1(2) and H-3(4) were measured and the differences between their experimental values and the theoretical predictions are understood as due to the contribution of energy transfer among Tm3+ ions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

A singular approach to discontinuous vector fields on the plane

In this paper we deal with discontinuous vector fields on R-2 and we prove that the analysis of their local behavior around a typical singularity can be treated via singular perturbation. The regularization process developed by Sotomayor and Teixeira is crucial for the development of this work. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Upconversion fluorescence spectroscopy of Er3+/Yb3+-doped heavy metal Bi2O3-Na2O-Nb2O5-GeO2 glass

Upconversion fluorescence emission of Er3+/Yb3+-doped Bi2O3-Na2O-Nb2O5-GeO2 heavy metal glass samples excited at 1.06 mu m is experimentally investigated. The results reveal the existence of intense emission bands centered around 520, 545, and 655 nm. The germano-niobate based host glass presents high transparency in the region of 400-2700 nm, the capability of incorporating high dopant concentrations, high melting temperature, and large resistance to atmospheric moisture. The observed intensity of the green fluorescence emission, suggested that the niobium based host glass material plays an important role in the efficiency of the upconversion process. Emission lines centered at 425, 483, 503, 608, and 628 nm were also observed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Use of primers derived from a new sequence of the bovine Y chromosome for sexing Bos taurus and Bos indicus embryos

A bovine male-specific marker was identified in our laboratory through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. This fragment of 3216 bp was cloned, sequenced and mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on the taurine Yq. Primers derived from this sequence were initially screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their ability to detect Y-specific segments in zebu and taurine genomic DNA. Two of these primers amplified a 655 bp Y-specific sequence present in taurine and zebu male genomic DNA. These primers were then used for detecting the 655 bp male sequence in DNA from 173 zebu and 30 taurine embryos, which had been previously sexed using primers for the sequence BC 1.2. The results revealed an accuracy of 100%. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sugar cane soot by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Fly soot samples collected in the sugar cane fields after the process of burning were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus (methylene chloride:methanol 4:1). The extracts were fractionated on silica gel Sep-Pak cartridges into three fractions. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study of the fly soot extracts allowed the identification of the PAH with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Large amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acid esters and some PAHs were identified by GCMS in full scan mode. GC-MS in the selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) was suitable for the determination of many PAHs, which are often present in the burnt biomass. 31 PAHs and 7 thiophens derivatives were identified. The presence of these compounds should be regarded as a caution to workers and the general population to avoid exposure to the fly soot.