Distribuição e tamanho populacional do papagaio-de-cara-roxa Amazona brasiliensis no estado de São Paulo

The Red-tailed Amazon Amazona brasiliensis is one of most threatened psitacid in the world. In the state of São Paulo, SE Brazil, it is restricted to a narrow coastal zone. The total population of A. brasiliensis has been estimated to be around 4,000 birds, but no detailed information is known for São Paulo. We studied the population status and mapped the distribution of A. brasiliensis in the state of São Paulo. Simultaneous censuses were carried out in three main islands (Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso and Ilha Comprida) with A. brasiliensis populations in 2003 and 2004. We searched the parrots in an area of 1413.28 km2 and visited 69 sites. Amazona brasiliensis were recorded in 55 localities and 12 sleeping roosts. Our census estimated a population of at least 1,221 parrots in the stronghold of their distribution in the state of São Paulo. The highest number of parrots were recorded outside the main protected areas in the region (64% of the population), which may threaten the future of this population. Urban growing is the main threat for the population of São Paulo, and the creation of protected areas in Cananéia and Comprida island is critical for the future of the A. brasiliensis in the area.

Gonad development in females of fiddler crab Uca rapax (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) using macro and microscopic techniques

The morphology of the ovaries in Uca rapax (Smith, 1870) was described based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Females were collected in Itamambuca mangrove, Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. In the laboratory, 18 females had their ovaries removed and prepared for histology. Each gonad developmental stage was previously determined based on external and macroscopic morphology and afterwards each stage was microscopically described. The ovaries of U. rapax showed a pronounced macroscopic differentiation in size and coloration with the maturation of the gonad, with six ovarian developmental stages: immature, rudimentary, developing, developed, advanced and spent. During the vitellogenesis, the amount of oocytes in secondary stage increases in the ovary, resulting in a change in coloration of the gonad. Oogonias, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes and follicular cells were histologically described and measured. In female's ovaries of U. rapax the modifications observed in the oocytes during the process of gonad maturation are similar to descriptions of gonads of other females of brachyuran crustaceans. The similarities are specially found in the morphological changes in the reproductive cells, and also in the presence and arrange of follicle cells during the process of ovary maturation. When external morphological characteristics of the gonads were compared to histological descriptions, it was possible to observe modifications that characterize the process in different developmental stages throughout the ovarian cycle and, consequently, the macroscopic classification of gonad stages agree with the modifications of the reproductive cells.

Espectro de agentes etiológicos associados a surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos em núcleos receptores turísticos de três regiões geográficas do Estado de São Paulo

Foodborne and waterborne diseases are spread by the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria and/or their toxins, viruses, parasites or chemicals. The aim of the research reported here was to establish the spectrum of etiologic agents of foodborne outbreaks at 15 tourist resorts in three geographic regions of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The study was based on the cases reported to the Epidemic Surveillance Center (CVE) of the Public Health Authority of the State of São Paulo (SES), from 2002 to 2005. The tourist centers were chosen at random in three regions of the state (Capital, Interior and Coast) and offered the following attractions: events, agribusiness, cultural history, shopping, town center, gastronomy, health and leisure, sun and sea. Among the bacteria, the results showed that Salmonella spp. were most frequently associated with outbreaks, followed by Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter spp. Viruses (Rotavirus and Hepatitis A) played a part in many of the cases, while the frequency of parasites and worm infestations was low in the foodborne disease outbreaks at these resorts. The mixed foods (rice, beans, liver, potatoes, barbecue, juice), fish and poultry were the three commonest vehicles implicated in the outbreaks.

Avaliação da assistência pré-natal e puerperal desenvolvidas em região do interior do Estado de São Paulo em 2005

Objectives: to evaluate the structure and process of the prenatal and puerperal care given by Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR) XI, at the city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: an evaluation of resources and activities developed during prenatal and puerperal care in twenty municipalities comprising DIR XI which had adhered the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program until 2003. Interviews with city managers and analysis of 385 sampled patient charts taking into account recommendations by the Health Department. Results: structure analysis showed that caregiving was centered on medical work; basic equipment and instruments were available; 85.2% of patients began prenatal care with up to 120 days of pregnancy, and 75.9% had at least six prenatal consultations. The active search for absentees and strategies for early prenatal care initiation were observed in 30% and 50% of the municipalities, respectively. Process indicators showed that 3.6% of women had six prenatal consultations, one puerperal consultation, all basic exams and tetanus immunization. Recording of gestational age, arterial blood pressure and weight was of approximately 90%; 58.7% of the women underwent childbirth review and 31.5% were vaccinated. Conclusions: the performance of the set of activities is a challenge to prenatal care at DIR XI.

Análise da evolução da paisagem no entorno da represa dos rios jaguari e jacareí, estado de são paulo, com base em sensoriamento remoto e SIG

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate by means of remote sensing and GIS, the landscape evolution around the Jaguari and Jacareí River Dam, located in the eastern section of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose we used LANDSAT 5/YM and CBERS-2/CCD images from 1984/1985 and 2006, respectively, considering the following classes of land use: forest, cultivated forest, agriculture, urban areas and water bodies. The two selected dates reflect important changes in the region such as the installation of the dam and subsequent urbanization of parts of its margins and the enlargement of the Fernão Dias Federal Highway, which contributed to an increase of areas of anthropic activities in the studied region. The results also indicate an increase in areas covered by native and planted forests, thus confirming a similar trend in other areas of the State of São Paulo.

Qualidade da água para irrigação na microbacia do Coqueiro, Estado de São Paulo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico chemical characteristics of water quality for irrigation purposes in the micro basin of Coqueiro, a tributary on the right bank of the São José dos Dourados river, located between the municipalities of Jales, São Francisco, Palmeira d'Oeste and Dirce Reis, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Water samples were collected at five geo-referenced points along the stocam and analysed monthly for one year. The parameters analysed were: suspended and dissolved solids, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, calcium, magnesium, hardness and total iron. The result showed that the physico chemical parameters had the classification of medium potential for damage to the irrigation system, except total iron, which was classified as having medium to high potential for damage by clogging for localized irrigation systems.

Diagnóstico da qualidade da água na microbacia do córrego recanto, em americana, no estado de São Paulo

The environmental degradation observed in the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí watershed has been one of the principal preoccupations of the environmental agencies in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In this context, there is inserted the Americana county which is cut by streams of unsuitable quality for the human consumption and other uses. The main goal of the present work was evaluated the water quality of the Recanto Creek, affluent of the Quilombo stream, at the Americana county, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research was developed in the period from March of 2007 to March of 2008, when it was measured the flow and the following physical-chemical water quality parameters: temperature; turbidity; pH; dissolved oxygen (OD); phosphorus (P); ammonia nitrogen (NH 4); nitrate (NO 3); chemical demand of oxygen (DQO), besides total coliforms. The results demonstrated a variation of the flow from 34.3 to 375.2 L s -1, during the evaluated period. The parameters dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate presented values out of the limits recommended for rivers of class 3, like the Recanto Creek, suggesting water pollution due to the organic matter disposal.

Ampliação da distribuição geográfica de três caranguejos majóideos (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) na costa do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study reports range extensions of three species of crabs to the northern coast of the state of São Paulo. The species obtained were Inachoides forceps, Microphrys antillensis and Mithraculus sculptus. Recent new records of marine species in Brazilian waters illustrate the importance of continuous investigations on the biodiversity of subtidal rocky bottoms.

Mapeamento de Paleosuperfícies associadas a identificação de depósitos supérgenos de cobre como ferramenta de exploração mineral na região de Itapeva e Ribeirão Branco- Vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A few examples of supergene ore formation and their interaction with morphogenesis (palaeosurfaces) and weathering mineralogy are discussed. Geomorphological and mineralogical records to characterize palaeosurfaces associate the weathering of primary minerals and their relationship with concentrations of cooper and iron ore deposits in southeastern state of São Paulo, Brazil. We have distinguished two palaeosurfaces generated by several weathering phases and controlled by the geological framework. The first and oldest upper palaeosurfaces (900 - 1000 m a.s.l.), situated in Riberão Branco (Alto do Brancal), were developed on silico-limestones. It is formed by typical iron laterites enriched by secondary products of cooper. The second and younger level palaeosurfaces located in Itapeva (Santa Blandina and Bairro do Sambra). This palaeosurface is formed by copper percolating through the weathered rock (saprolite). Other features can be observed like neo-formed products in laterites. They are classified into two types: clay like silico- cupriferous products (with noticeable amounts of iron) and copper minerals (crysocolla, in their flat slopes). These features allowed the presence of copper ores and their morphogenesis control will help in the exploration and prospecting of supergene ore mineral.

A moderna agricultura no final do século XIX em São Paulo: algumas propostas

Esta pesquisa se insere dentro da história da agricultura no Brasil, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, início do século XX. As propostas de modernização agrícola giravam em torno de diferentes assuntos, mas sempre interligados, como: diversificação da agricultura, adubação química e natural, cultura intensiva do solo, mão de obra, povoamento e colonização, instalação de núcleos coloniais dentro dos moldes da moderna agricultura então desejada, instrução agrícola por meio de campos de experiências e demonstração, ensino agrícola para diferentes graus, a mecanização da lavoura, o que era chamado, na época, de Moderna Agricultura, em substituição ao que era considerado como agricultura rotineira ou atrasada, praticada desde o início da agricultura no Brasil.

Prevalência de Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) em ovinos da região Central de São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribuição e abundância de larvas de Simulium spp.em córregos do estado de São Paulo nos diferentes níveis de qualidade da água

The aim of this work was to determine the distribution and abundance the species of Simulium: in 5 streams of the north coastal region of the state of São Paulo. Simulium larval and water samples were collected every 2 weeks in summer and winter, 2001. The larval were collected on artificial substrates (triplicate) preserved in alcohol (70%) and after analyzed quantitative and qualitative. From the streams the values of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and stream discharge were measured. The contents of total nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus were determined in the laboratory. Water quality has great influence in the distribution and abundance of the species. S. pertinax was more abundant in streams without or with low levels of pollution, S. inaequale in streams more polluted and S. incrustatum in intermediary levels of pollution. S. pertinax was the species more abundant with 57.5% of presence in the samples, the second more abundant was S. inaequale with 42.1% of presence and S. incrustatum was rare with 0.4% of presence. The larval abundance was lower in the polluted environment. © 2012 by Unisinos.

Coccidiose em cães e gatos do município de andradina, estado de são paulo, Brasil

Coccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in dogs and cats in all the world. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of this parasitosis in dog and cat population at the Municipality of Andradina in the State of São Paulo, from 2007 to 2009. Fecal samples from 97 cats and 93 dogs were analyzed by using the techniques of flotation in saturated sodium chloride and spontaneous sedimentation. The species were classified according to morphology of the oocysts. Cystoisospora fecal oocyst found in 71.1% (69/97) of the cats, and simple infection by C. rivolta and C. felis occurred respectively in 41.0% (16/39) and 20.5% (8/39) animals, with P ≥ 0.2319. In 39.7%(37/93) of the dogs was found positive for Cystoisospora spp. And the species C. canis identified in the largest proportion (63.9%) with P = 0.0005. From the results, we conclude that dogs and cats had high incidence of infection Cystoisospora, being C. canis and C. rivolta most observed species, respectively.

Integridade, disponibilidade e acurácia no posicionamento RTK e RTK em rede: Investigação no contexto da rede GNSS ativa do Estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização da comunidade de microcrustáceos e avaliação de potenciais predadores vertebrados e invertebrados em dois reservatórios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)