Desenvolvimento de bebida láctea potencialmente probiótica carbonatada: características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais

The goal of this work was to develop a strawberry fl avored dairy beverages carbonated and fermented with potential probiotic bacteria. Four formulations of dairy beverages were elaborated: Control (BL); Fermented (BLF); Carbonated (BLC) and Carbonated Fermented (BLFC). In samples submitted for carbonation, a carbonator was used for the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) gas injection dissolved in drinking water and the cultivation consisting of lactic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilusLA-5®, Bifi dobacterium BB-12® and Streptococcus thermophilus (Biorich, Chr. Hansen) was employed on the fermented samples. The samples were characterized by physical and chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters. The BLC sample showed the presence of yeasts and coliform counts, but the counts indicated that it was suitable for consumption in 28 days time. The BL presented average coliform counts above the limit established by the law after 21 days of refrigerated storage. The presence of lactic bacteria and CO2 and their effects on lower proteolysis indexes, lower pH values and higher acidity values were correlated with signifi cant inhibitory effect of contaminated microorganisms in the BLF and BLFC. The carbonation was not stimulatory for the growth of lactic crops, mainly in the genus Bifi dobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. The BLF drink presented greater sensory acceptance and purchase intention test results, however the carbonated beverage presented positive results, with mean values greater than 50% in the acceptance tests with potential inclusion as sensory differential in dairy beverages. Just BLFC drink was considered potentially probiotic, by presenting minimum counts of Lactobacillus spp. during storage. Further studies should be conducted with the technology of carbonation, since it has been proven the correlation of the presence of CO2 with inhibitory effect of contaminated microorganisms and lower physical and chemical changes of dairy beverages.

Auto/não-auto discriminação de raízes e o reconhecimento parental de Eucalyptus urophylla sob diferentes condições ambientais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reconhecimento de faces sob diferentes condições de iluminação utilizando PCA e a transformada census

Os seres humanos identificam naturalmente outros seres humanos utilizando suas características físicas, fisiológicas ou comportamentais. Dentre essas características, destacam-se os traços faciais. O avanço tecnológico na área de Biometria tem promovido o desenvolvimento de inúmeras técnicas para o reconhecimento automático de faces por meio de computadores, entretanto, existem ainda vários fatores que dificultam esta aplicação, como por exemplo, a variação das condições de iluminação. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos da aplicação de um filtro de processamento de imagens, denominado Transformada Census, em uma base de dados com imagens da face em diferentes condições de iluminação. Assim, experimentos foram realizados utilizando a técnica PCA com imagens da base de dados AR antes e depois da aplicação da Transformada Census. Os resultados desses experimentos mostraram que a aplicação da Transformada Census melhorou o resultado do reconhecimento das faces, reduzindo a taxa de erro.

Condições de trabalho e transtornos mentais comuns em professores do ensino fundamental de Avaré – SP

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Análise das condições de acessibilidade no ensino superior: estudo com pós-graduandos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência do uso da água e parâmetros nutricionais na cultura da rúcula submetida a diferentes condições de estresse hídrico

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Ação de fungicidas no desenvolvimento de plantas de tomate, em condições de ambiente protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Caracterização de linhagens de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) em condições de deficiência hídrica e reidratação

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Novas condições de estabilidade de sistemas não lineares utilizando funções de Lyapunov fuzzy

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Diagnóstico laboratorial de Mycobacterium spp. em Botucatu e região, utilizando a técnica Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em material biológico e avaliação de condições associadas

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Diversidade genética do Anaplasma marginale em condições de transmissão natural

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Coeficiente de cultivo e lâminas de irrigação do maracujazeiro amarelo nas condições semiáridas

The study aimed to determine the coefficient of the yellow passion fruit cultivation and irrigation set capable of increasing crop productivity and quality of production in the environmental conditions of the semi-arid region of Piauí. The experiment was conducted in the Pilot Project for Fruit Crops Irrigated area in Santa Rosa, PI. We used a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments (irrigation) were defined according to percentages of reference evapotranspiration (ETo): T1 25%, T2: 50%, T3: 75%, T4: 100%; T5: T6 and 125%: 150%. For monitoring water in the soil profile was used tensiometers. To determine the crop coefficient (Kc) used the water balance in the soil treatment based on 100% replacement of water. Morphological and physiological characteristics of yellow passion fruit were evaluated. The maximum yield of 27.052 kg ha-1 yr-1 was obtained by applying a water depth of 763.80 mm. The values of average fruit weight ranged from 0.207 kg (T6) and 0.159 kg (T1). The average kc obtained for the vegetative stage was 0.57 to 0.94 and flowering stage to fruiting phase 1.04. The water depth of greater efficiency comprise in the range of 75% and 100% ETo.

Viabilidade econômica da venda de energia elétrica em cogeração sob condições de risco: um estudo de caso

The availability of the electrical energy, in sufficient quantities and in competitive prices is a crucial factor to the economic development. The trade-in of the excess electrical energy produced in a system of cogeneration can be seen as an alternative to the creation of an additional source of revenues for ethanol power plants sector, besides contributing to the complementation of the Brazilian electrical headquarter with renewable sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the implementation of a cogeneration electrical central using the excess of sugar cane bagasse and selling the excess of electrical energy with prices of the market. An ethanol power plant located in the state of Sao Paulo was used to this study. It was used the case study methodology, evaluating the potential of the investment under the viewpoint of the Net Present Value (NPV), Payback and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and complementing the results of the Accounting Results (AC). It was created three alternative scenarios to reflect the level of the risk of every studied situation: the most likely, an optimistic and a pessimistic, each one with its assumptions. The Monte Carlo Simulations was used to insert the elements of risk to each scenario. The results showed that the project is feasible in all NPV scenarios. And the Payback and IRR analysis confirmed these evidences. The valuation with the AR showed that the project is most risky at the pessimistic scenario, but is feasibly in the most likely and the optimistic scenarios. It was concluded that the project is economic viable. However, the economic viability shown in the results is based on the maintenance of the future prices on the levels of the historical prices used in the analysis.

Influência do desgaste das garras dos pneus e das condições superficiais do solo nas operações de campo de um trator agrícola

The objective of this work was to compare the performance of a tractor equipped with used and new bias-ply tires (63.4% and 41.2%, front and rear tire waste, respectively), in three surface conditions: tillage soil, vegetal covered soil and firm soil. Field data were collected to calculate: forward speed, front and rear slippage tires, drawbar pull, available power at drawbar bar and fuel consumption. Results showed that both, tires and soil conditions, changed tractor capacity on developing drawbar traction. The worst performance was observed on tillage soil. The best performance of the tractor was observed at firm soil track. On the track with tilled soil, results showed that the forward speed was the lowest among the three soil conditions due to the front and rear slippage tires which was higher than vegetal covered and firm soil tracks. Fuel consumption results showed higher values on tilled tracks when compared with firm and vegetal covered tracks. The fuel consumption levels evaluated on bias-ply tires lead to significant changes on tractor’s performance at tilled soil, indicating that, at this condition, it’s necessary to replace the used tires by new tires. For vegetal covered soil operations, and also on firm soil conditions, used tires, at studied levels, indicated that these tires might still be used without tractor performance changing.

Avaliação do tempo de resposta de um controlador de fluxo com DGPS submetido à variação de velocidade de voo em condições de voo simulado em laboratório

The application of pesticides is one of the most important steps in the agricultural production process. The spray volume can directly affect application success, and this parameter is directly dependent on the displacement speed of the sprayer. In conventional systems, the operator has to maintain a constant speed to ensure uniform application along the tracks. In order to improve over application quality and preserve levels of precision for applied doses; the use of electronic flow control systems allows for automatic adjustment of volume applied over the area when there is a change in velocity during application. The objective of this research was to study the response times of a flow controller with DGPS for aerial application subjected to variations of velocity in laboratory simulated flight conditions. For this purpose, a bench test has been developed including software for simulating DGPS signals, which was used to simulate different flight speeds and conditions. The results showed the average response time from the flow controller to a change in velocity to be between 6 and 20 seconds. Variations in total flow and the controller setting had a significant influence on response time with situations where there was interaction between the factors being evaluated. There was a tendency for better response times using a constant setting for the control algorithm other than that specified by the manufacturer. The flow controller presented an average error rates below 2% in all evaluated operating conditions, providing satisfactory accuracy in determining the output of product in different test situations.