Indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional entre idosas praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico na zona norte de São José do Rio Preto-SP

Although the regular practice of physical exercise for the maintenance of the nutritional state and quality of life is important, it is not a common habit among the elderly, especially those of the lower income social bracket. The objective was to characterize and compare according to social-economic conditions and anthropometric indexes of the nutritional state of the elderly who regularly practice and those who do not practice exercises, offered at no cost, in the Northern zone of São José do Rio Preto-SP. In this study, 110 elderly women participated, of which 60 (group P) exercised regularly and 50 did not (group NP). Group P participated in a special gym program, free of charge, for at least 2 years, 2 to 3 times a week, one hour a day. Group NP was recruited from the same location as Group P. The comparison between the groups of elderly women was proportionately distributed according to marital status, level of education, means of locomotion, results of body mass index (IMC), waist to hip ratio (RCQ) and calf circumference, using the chi-square test. Comparisons were also made of average age, per capita family income, individual income, IMC, arm and triceps skin fold measured by t-Test. Differences were not found in all the comparisons made. The variables that stood out were the IMC (overweight) and RCQ (risk of chronic diseases) results, which were above what was expected, and the high frequency of walking and riding buses for both groups of elderly women (about 60%). We came to the conclusion that the low-intensity exercise program evaluated made no difference in the nutritional profi le of the elderly who also used walking as a means of getting around.

Efeito do tabagismo, atividade física e obesidade sobre os valores de proteína C reativa em adultos jovens de ambos os sexos: coorte de 12 meses

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Análise dos parâmetros antropométricos da cabeça dos militares da força aérea brasileira no projeto de capacetes balísticos

The study of the physical man characteristics and their variations have caught the man's interests since the ancient age. In Brazil, there are no studies which define the anthropometric profile of the Brazilian's head, hindering the development of ergonomic designs. One problem that occurs in the Brazilian armed forces is the use of protective helmets made with measurements of other countries, which causes great discomfort. Thus, this study aims to conduct a study to determine the anthropometric measurements of the head of the Brazilian Air Force military, assisting in the production of helmets more suitable. Therefore, it is presented ananthropometric survey in 576 students of the School of Aeronautics Expert, 286 females and 290 males, aged between 17 and 36 years. The study showed that the differences found between genders are less than 5%. In addition to the fact that the helmet Tues adjustments, there is no need for production of different helmets in relation to gender, but some changes are necessary measures in circumference and shape of the helmet.

Alterações antropométricas de lesados medulares após treinamento intervalado em natação

The goal of this study was to assess the alterations in some anthropometric measures of sedentary subjects with spinal cord injury after a swimming interval training program with the use of a lifejacket. The study included 17 male spinal cord injured subjects, divided into two groups: 11 subjects in the training group (TG) and 6 in the control group (CG).The protocol employed a stroke of breaststroke, in work periods of moderate to severe, and stroke in the back stroke in periods of active recovery. An anthropometric evaluation was applied before the application of the training protocol and another (reevaluation) after 8 weeks. In the TG, the results obtained after the swimming program showed a significant change (p < 0.05) in the supra-iliac (SICF) and in the triciptal cutaneous folds (TCF), arm and waist circumference measures, from the first evaluation to the reevaluation. In the CG there were no significant changes observed in any of the variables studied. When comparing the two groups after the swimming training program, the average of the variable SICFT in the TG was significantly lower than the average for the CG. Generally speaking, the out comings showed the swimming protocol efficiency in promoting desirable anthropometric changes in spinal cord injured subjects while a reduction of fatty tissue in the arms and abdominal region and an increase of muscular tissue in the upper limbs of those subjects also occurred.

GeoGebra e o método de Briot & Bouquet para a resolução gráfica de equações cúbicas

In the mid-nineteenth century, french mathematicians Briot and Bouquet have proposed an intriguing graphical method for solving cubic equations "depressed" - the third degree equations that do not have the quadratic term. The proposal is simple geometric construction, though based on an ingenious algebra. We propose here the verification and testing graphical method through an instructional sequence using the software GeoGebra also present the ingenious algebraic development that resulted in this graphic method for determination of real roots of a cubic equation of the type x³ + px + q = 0 where p and q are real numbers. The method states that these solutions are summarized in the abscissas of the points of intersection of the circumference containing the origin and the center C (-q/2, 1-p/2) with the parable y = x².

Nível de atividade física no lazer em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde

Although leisure physical activity has been investigated in general population, there is absence of data in Brazilian Public Health System about this issue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze in patients attended by Public Health System the prevalence of leisure physical activity, as well as, to identify its correlates and associated diseases. Sample was composed by 963 patients (707 female and 256 male) randomly selected at five basic healthcare units. Leisure physical activity was assessed by Baecke’s questionnaire and subjects with ≥180 and ≥240 minutes per week were classified as sufficiently active. General and central obesity were assessed by body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Diseases of high occurrence were classified according CID-10. There was low rate of physically active subjects in leisure time (14.8%),but high rate of abdominal obesity (70.1%) and orthopedic diseases (72.1%). Physically active subjects in leisure time had lower occurrence of orthopedic diseases (OR= 0.60 [OR95%CI: 0.37 – 0.98]). The same pattern of association was observed for central obesity (OR= 0.35 [OR95%CI: 0.19 – 0.65]). It is low the rate of physically active in leisure time at Brazilian Public Health System, which is associated with orthopedic diseases.

Variáveis antropométricas e hemodinâmicas em relação a diferentes níveis e categorias de atividade física

This study aimed to investigate the relation between physical activity levels (PAL) of hypertensive patients, seeing different do- mains, and, to compare anthropometric variables and blood pressure (BP). The survey was conducted with 192 patients, mean age 63 ± 11 years. The anthropometric variables were body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). PAL was estimated using Baecke ́s questionnaire and categorized in four domains (OPA = occupational; leisure time = LTPA; locomotion = LPA and Total PA). Student t test unpaired was applied for comparisons between active and insufficiently active. Differences between active and sedentary in relation to anthropometry and resting blood pressure were observed for the LTPA, LPA and Total PA and significant negative correlations were observed between LPA and Total PA with systolic BP (p<0,05). Conclusion: the LPA and LTPA were associated with resting BP in hypertensive. No differences in BMI and WC among physically active and insuffi- ciently active were found.

Frequência de ocorrência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com antecedente de pré-eclâmpsia e sua associação com hipertrofia miocárdica e espessamento médio-intimal de carótidas

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Impacto de diferentes métodos de avaliação da obesidade abdominal após síndromes coronarianas agudas

Background: Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, identifying the best method for measuring waist circumference (WC) is a priority. Objective: To evaluate the eight methods of measuring WC in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a predictor of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization. Methods: Prospective study of patients with ACS. The measurement of WC was performed by eight known methods: midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (1), point of minimum circumference (2); immediately above the iliac crest (3), umbilicus (4), one inch above the umbilicus (5), one centimeter above the umbilicus (6), smallest rib and (7) the point of greatest circumference around the waist (8). Complications included: angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, pericarditis and death. Logistic regression tests were used for predictive factors. Results: A total of 55 patients were evaluated. During the hospitalization period, which corresponded on average to seven days, 37 (67%) patients had complications, with the exception of death, which was not observed in any of the cases. Of these complications, the only one that was associated with WC was angina, and with every cm of WC increase, the risk for angina increased from 7.5 to 9.9%, depending on the measurement site. It is noteworthy the fact that there was no difference between the different methods of measuring WC as a predictor of angina. Conclusion: The eight methods of measuring WC are also predictors of recurrent angina after acute coronary syndromes. Key words: Evaluation; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Abdominal Circumference

Indeterminate form of chagas disease and metabolic syndrome: a dangerous combination

Chagas’ disease (CD) has been a major concern in public health in Latin America countries and in Brazil there are about 3 million people suffering from this disease. With the social and economic changes which have been occurring in the last 6 decades in the country, there have been a lot of changes in the population life style with severe metabolic consequences, especially for those with Chagas' disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with the indeterminate form of CD. A total of 74 individuals, mean age of 55.6 years, participated in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were performed. Overweight/obesity was found in 86.5 % of individuals, increased waist circumference in 72.5%, and 67% had more than 30% of fat mass. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were observed in 24.3% and 75.7% of patients, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 48.2% of patients. The family history revealed high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (80.3%), systemic arterial hypertension (57.1%) and diabetes mellitus (42.8%). A total of 90% of patients were overweight/obese, and it is well known that increased adipose tissue, specially visceral adipose tissue is highly associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, as well as imbalance in production of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines produced by that tissue. Adipocytes are also known as a reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi, favoring an increase in parasite load and a possible reacutization of the disease. Therefore, the study individuals are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases as well as further symptomatic form of the Chagas' disease, mainlychagastic cardiopathy.

Aptidão física associada às medidas antropométricas de escolares do ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Association of fat intake and socioeconomic status on anthropometric measurements of adults

We aimed to identify the influence of dietary fat profile on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a middleclass general population sample. A cross-sectional study of 448 adults aged 35-85 years was carried out from January 2004 to December 2007. Patients were divided in two groups according to family income: Group 1 (G1) with higher income, and Group 2 (G2) with lower income. Demographic and socioeconomic status were identified, along with anthropometric data, health eating index (HEI) and dietary profile. The groups were similar with respect to gender, age, BMI and WC. HEI was higher in G1 due to a higher intake of protein (+12.8%), dairy products (p<0.001), higher intake of vegetables (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and less dietary fat (-9.8%). The main contribution of fats was saturated fat for G1 (+5.0%) and polyunsaturated fat for G2 (+14.4%). Besides differences in socioeconomic status the groups had similar BMI and abdominal fatness. Only differences in fat profile were correlated with the anthropometric measures mostly explained by the lower vegetable oil intake in higher income participants.

Improvements of nutrition behavior fitness and body fatness with a short-term after school intervention program

The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide and lifestyle changes are the most important strategies in managing this prevalence. This study aimed to describe the intervention effects of nutrition and physical activities offered as an after school short-term on outcomes of healthy nutrition practices, fitness and lowering fatness. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a convenience sample of 59 caucasian children, aged 7.7 ± 1.4 years old (52.5% girls) registered on a private school of a middle-size town located in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The school-based 12-week intervention consisted of 2 weekly 60 minutes section, during 3 months, including a nutritional education and a physical activity curriculum. Anthropometric data was measured for all children at baseline and after 12 weeks. All parents were contacted and requested to complete questionnaire about child’s eating behavior at baseline and after the 12-week program. After the intervention, children showed an increasing in the intake of fruits (64.3%), vegetables (61.9%), and water (52.0%). Overall, 83.3% of the children changed eating behavior according to the questionnaire responded by the parents. Waist circumference was significantly lower and abdominal strength improved after participating in the intervention program. Mean height and weight were significantly higher in boys and girls after a 12-week intervention. Although mean values of BMI remained the same after the intervention it was observed a decreasing in the prevalence of obesity among the children. Thus our study showed that a school-based intervention program focused on nutritional education and physical activity program promoted waist circumference reduction and decreased obesity without affecting the height growth along with improved fitness and healthy eating behavior. This intervention program would be feasible and replicable in others schools around the country.

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation decreases metabolic syndrome prevalence after lifestyle modification program

The additional effect of omega-3 supplementation in association with lifestyle modification program (LSMP) in free living-adults was evaluated.We studied 39 adults (control group with LSMP (G1, n = 16) and LSMP plus supplementation of 3 g of fish oil per day (360 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 540 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid) (G2, n = 23)) during 20 weeks. The fish oil group showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (1.3%) followed by metabolic syndrome reduction (29%) mainly due to normalization of blood pressure (33.3%) and triacylglycerol (27.3%). Omega-3 supplementation provided additional benefits to LSMP in the resolution of metabolic syndrome