Consumo alimentar residual e produção de metano entérico de bovinos em confinamento e pastagem

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Produção e aplicação de adubo orgânico, proveniente da compostagem de resíduos da FCT/UNESP

This work presents the objective of producing organic fertilizer from the waste generated at FCT/UNESP and its use in the growing sunflower. For this, there were collected wastes of pruning/weeding and organic waste from the canteen. It were made two types of treatments, one conventional and the other mechanized, using three mass ratios: ratio 1 (30% wastes of pruning/weeding (RP) + 70% organic waste (RC)), ratio 2 (50% RP + 50% RC) and ratio 3 (70% RP + 30% RC). The conventional system was done windrow with turning manual and the mechanized system was developed in reactors by injecting compressed air. The compounds produced were analyzed in terms of pH, organic matter, organic carbon, mineral residue, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which could be compared to the values stipulated by the Instrução Normativa n° 25 de 23/07/2009 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. The compounds produced were used on growing sunflowers in 14 different conditions for the systems manual and mechanized, totaling 26 treatments with the following proportions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comportamento antecipatório baseado em registros sobre regularidades passadas

A antecipação constitui uma capacidade de extrema importância à evolução dos vertebrados, pois, ao permitir a geração de previsões e a orientação atencional para estímulos pendentes, possibilitou interpretações mais refinadas do meio, além de uma preparação para a ocorrência de estímulos críticos, aumentando as chances de sobrevivência daqueles que a possuem. O presente trabalho visou avaliar a habilidade de gerar comportamento antecipatório, por meio do teste de extrapolação a partir de padrões seriais de estímulos. Ratos da linhagem Wistar, machos, foram treinados a correr em uma pista reta, ao longo de 22 dias, para obter reforço ao final de cada uma de 4 tentativas sucessivas. Os sujeitos, organizados em dois grupos, foram expostos a uma sequência de quantidades de reforço envolvendo 14, 7, 3 e 1 sementes de girassol (Grupo Monotônico) ou 14, 3, 7 e 1 sementes de girassol (Grupo Não-Monotônico). No 23° dia do experimento uma quinta tentativa, nunca experienciada antes, portanto cuja quantidade de sementes não era conhecida, mas passível de extrapolação a partir do padrão serial, foi adicionada à sessão. Os resultados mostraram que os animais expostos ao padrão monotônico exibiram, na quinta tentativa, substancial aumento do tempo de corrida, como se esperassem uma quantidade de sementes menor do que a experimentada na tentativa anterior. Em contraste, os animais expostos ao padrão não-monotônico exibiram, na quinta tentativa, tempos de corrida relativamente baixos, indicando que esses animais geraram uma expectativa de obtenção de maior quantidade de sementes em relação à tentativa anterior. No conjunto, esses resultados indicam que ratos são capazes de extrapolar a partir de padrões seriais de estímulos, mostrando que esses animais são capazes de gerar previsões sobre condições ambientais que estão por vir, com base no registro de regularidades passadas mantidas na memória e na ...

Sistemas de cultivo em área de reforma de cana-de-açúcar e a sucessão de culturas na composição da comunidade infestante

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Revisão: propriedades físico-químicas do biodiesel

The present literature review aimed to describe biodisel’s physicochemical properties obtained from different raw materials. Were studied data concerning viscosity, density, cetane number, fl ash point, pour point and calorifi c power of biodiesel produced from soybean oil, coconut, rice bran, cotton, pequi, babassu, mamona, palm, castor, sunfl ower, corn, canola, jatropha and karanja. Considering the diversity of vegetal and animal sources that can be used on the biodiesel production, it is noteworthy the lack of data concerning physicochemical properties of unexplored raw materials. This work may contribute for the creation of database about physicochemical properties of oil and biodiesel from different sources which will allow design and scale-up, both the necessary equipment to the production line and reciprocating engines.

Produção e qualidade do leite e da carne de caprinos anglo nubianos suplementados com óleos vegetais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Different sources of forage with crude glycerin in diets with higher percentage of concentrate to beef cattle

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Glicerina bruta substituindo o milho em dietas de baixo amido na terminação de cordeiros

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Efeito do tamanho de partícula na ensilabilidade e no valor nutritivo de silagens de cana-de-açúcar para bovinos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras em pastejo de alfafa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência de diferentes dietas na densidade óssea de calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Características agronômicas, bromatológicas e econômicas de alturas de corte para ensilagem da cultura do milho

The aim was to evaluate agronomic, bromatologic and economical characteristics harvest heights for ensiling of corn. The trial was conducted in randomized block design and treatments corresponded to harvest heights of 20; 50; 80 and 110 cm from the soil surface. The agronomic evaluations were conducted 114 days after planting. The percentage of dry matter (DM) and productivity of stem, grain and participation of potassium remaining in the stem increased linearly with increasing cutting height (p<0.05). Therefore, the mass used at ensiling decreased proportionally with increasing cutting height (p<0.05). The silage quality was improved because of the increase in the cutting height. We observed higher crude protein (CP) content and energetic value in the silage harvested at 110 cm from the soil surface, while there was lower fiber content. However, silages produced with plants harvested at 110 cm from the soil surface showed the highest production cost (4.47 times greater than cycling through K in the remainder of the stem). The agronomic and bromatologic characteristics of corn silage improves with increasing cutting height, but the increase cutting height unfeasible economically the practice silage when the generation of final products is not computed. Thus, it is recommended that the cutting height of the corn plant is at most 50 cm.

Degradabilidade e digestibilidade de híbridos de milho em função do estádio de colheita, tamanho de partícula e processamento por meio do esmagamento na ensilagem

During the process of silage corn, should take into consideration some aspects that will result in better utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch digestibility and in vitro dry matter (DM) of silage corn hybrids due two textures, three stages of harvest, three particle sizes and processing by crushing. After harvesting and chipping, part of the material was crushed and then ensiled and sealed for 45 days. After opening the silos, analyzed the degradability in the incubation time of 20 hours using the technique in situ macro bag. The experimental design was a randomized split plot. The DM degradability was influenced only by the effect of stages of sampling used. The degradability of CP showed interaction between processing and particle size (Tp), noting that increased degradation due to processing. For NDF degradation significant interaction of factors, hybrid and processing, similar to the degradation of starch. The IVDMD was influenced by the effects of hybrid, stadium, Tp and processing. It can be concluded that benefits were higher with the use of processing associated with more advanced stages of harvest, in larger particle sizes.

Effect of cropping systems in no-till farming on the quality of a Brazilian Oxisol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Correlation and path analysis as an indirect selection criterion for sunflower achene productivity

The study was conducted in two different locations in South Brazil, in tillage in the 2009/2010 season on eight sunflower hybrids, aiming to determine the path correlations and coefficients between primary and secondary characters on the main variable of achene productivity. The correlations were similar between environments. The characters of the head diameter and mass of a thousand achenes had a significant influence on sunflower productivity. Based on the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects, we highlighted all primary components on the main variable, beside the good determination coefficient and low residual effect. The secondary component, the number of achenes, despite the significant direct effect on productivity, was indirectly influenced by the primary components, making it an undesirable character for selection.