Papel do TLR-4 na resposta inflamatória e resistência à insulina no tecido adiposo em condições de sobrecarga nutricional crônica

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Aspectos psicossociais e condições bucais em dependentes químicos internados para desintoxicação

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Estudo da aromatização pré-extrusão e das condições de extrusão sobre as características físicas e retenção de aroma em proteína isolada de soja

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Levedura geneticamente construída para a produção de etanol combustível em condições de estresse

A presente invenção está relacionada com a construção genética de uma nova linhagem da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dita IQAr/45-1, destinada a fermentação de matérias primas açucaradas, contendo altas concentrações de açúcar com alta produtividade de etanol e a temperaturas maiores que 37<198>C. Esta levedura resiste a concentrações de ácido lático superiores a 3,0 até 4,0 g/l no meio durante a produção de etanol. Trata-se de uma levedura geneticamente marcada e que não apresenta nenhuma exigência nutricional decorrente de sua construção sendo capaz de crescer a temperaturas elevadas.

Política de educação no campo: para além da alfabetização (1952-1963)

Este livro resgata o processo de elaboração, percurso e desenvolvimento da Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural (CNER), criada em 1952 e extinta em 1963, no contexto histórico que a ensejou, articulada às ideias hegemônicas do período, determinantes da ação do Estado e de setores da sociedade civil. Movimentos de organizações internacionais e a política nacional pela expansão do desenvolvimento econômico e modernização rural, aliam a educação a essas finalidades. A Campanha adota orientações pedagógicas da Educação de Base e do Desenvolvimento de Comunidade, pressupostos do funcionalismo e do neotomismo, com respaldo da Igreja Católica. Conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos pretendiam ofertar vida compatível com a dignidade humana e com os ideais democráticos para a cidadania. A pesquisa investiga os processos de conquista da cidadania, na perspectiva da contradição, ao explicitar avanços e retrocessos na relação educativa do programa. A análise considerou o conjunto de fontes documentais produzidas para e pela Campanha, como periódicos e acervo iconográfico, localizados em bibliotecas e arquivos. As categorias de análises contemplam temas emergentes para atender às demandas do campo, como: educação, habitação, saúde, lazer e promoção da educação política, para educação dos costumes, para além da alfabetização. O desenvolvimento da cidadania e da democracia pretendidas fundou-se em situações educativas pontuais e na resolução de conflitos sociais mais voltados para os indivíduos e os grupos, e menos como processos decorrentes do interior das práticas sociais. Contudo, a política foi relevante naquele contexto, pois, se não fosse a nossa cultura de descontinuidades e articulação das políticas sociais, as condições de vida e trabalho no campo poderiam ser outras.

Resistência contra ectoparasitas em bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus avaliada em condições naturais

This study was carried out to evaluate the breed resistance against ectoparasites infestations in Crioula Lageana and crossbred Angus male calves under natural condition. Ten weaned and neutered male calves (6-8 months) of each group were kept together in winter and summer pastures in Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina State. Every 28 days, female ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) more than 4 mm long were counted on the right and left side of the body of each animal, as well as the D. hominis nodules. Coat thickness also was measured at each sampling and all animals were classified according coat color. Crioula Lageana group was less infested by D. hominis than crossbred Angus in five times and by ticks in the infestation peak (P<0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of the ticks and grubs between animal body sides. Dark-haired animal in both groups were the most susceptible.

Germinação em temperatura sub-ótima de embriões de Inga vera subsp. affinis obtidos sob diferentes condições ambientais

Physiological responses like the thermal requirements for germination may be influenced during seed formation by environmental conditions such as water availability and temperature. Here we analyzed germination of embryos of Ingavera subsp. affinis from different sources in response to various temperature regimes, including calculation of degree days and accumulated rainfall during development and maturation. Embryos were taken from ripe fruits collected on trees located in São Paulo and Minas Gerais, and were analyzed as to germination, water content and dry matter content. The results showed that the origin of the embryos was related to variation in response under sub-optimal temperatures. Depending on the origin, I.vera subsp. affinis embryos were able to germinate even at low temperatures (10 to 15 ºC), with better performance attained from 20 to 25 ºC. This variation may be associated, among other factors, to environmental conditions during maturation and to the maturation stage at seed dispersal.

Produtividade do milho em condições de diferentes manejos do solo e de doses de nitrogênio

Research has been conducted to identify the best nitrogen (N) rate for maize in most diverse types of soil management. However, there is no agreement on the results, once the dynamic of N is influenced by soil management and cover crops. This study evaluated dry mass production and nutrient uptake by cover crops, agronomic parameters and grain yield of maize in response to soil management and N rates. Field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20º 20' S and 51º 24' W, 340 m asl). Thirty-six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, Crotalaria juncea and millet + Crotalaria juncea), soil management systems (tillage with chisel plow + lightweight disking, heavy disking + lightweight disking, and no-tillage) and topdressing N rates (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 - urea as source). Maize hybrid DKB 350 YG® was used and N applied at stage V5 (fifth expanded leaf). A linear increase with the increase of N rates was observed for chlorophyll leaf index, leaf N content, ear length and diameter, and grain weight and yield. Previously grown sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown, associated with 120 kg ha-1 N for maize, induced a higher grain yield after two growing seasons.

Ocorrência de algas cianofíticas em água de dessedentação de bovinos criados extensivamente

In extensive animal husbandry, natural or artificial ponds allow direct access of cattle to water but result in degradation of water quality and in increased health risks. Under such circumstances eutrophication occurs and consequently algal bloom, among them toxigenic cyanobacteria. The present study aimed to report the occurrence of cyanobacteria in the drinking water of cattle and to describe their physical and chemical parameters, as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Nineteen samples of natural ponds or water troughs formed predominantly as result of rainfall from six farms located in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil were analyzed for the presence of cyanobacteria, and pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen was measured. Microcystis and/or Merismopedia were detected in two ponds; one of them was covered with intense flowering. The values of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen in 19 collections were pH 7.2-9.7, 31-34ºC and 7.8-30mg/l respectively. Also non-pathogenic algae of several genera were detected besides the occurrence or not of cianogenics. Under these conditions, the common practices of drinking water supply for extensively raised cattle and the possibilities of eutrophication and cyanobacterial growth bring potential risks for animal health.

Tamanho de gotas de pontas de pulverização em diferentes condições operacionais por meio da técnica de difração do raio laser

The present study aimed to evaluate the droplet spectrum of hydraulic nozzles, under different pressures and spray liquid compositions, using a laser particle size analyzer. In a completely randomized design, two air induction twin flat-fan nozzles (AD-IA/D 11002 and AD-IA/D11004) and two hollow-cone nozzles (MAG - 2 and MAG - 4) were evaluated, in factorial design 3 x 2: tree spray pressures (207, 276 and 345 kPa for twin flat-fan nozzles, and 414, 483 and 552 kPa for cone nozzles); and two spray liquid compositions (water and water plus phosphatydilcoline + propionic acid adjuvant). The addition of adjuvant reduced the volume median diameter for the AD-IA/D 11002 and 11004 nozzles; however it had an opposite effect with the MAG - 4 nozzles and not changed with the MAG - 2 nozzles. In adverse weather conditions, it is not recommended the use of hollow cone spray nozzle, even with the addition of adjuvant tested because of the high risk potential of drift.

Poço de infiltração para controle de enchentes na fonte: avaliação das condições de operação e manutenção

This study investigated the following aspects regarding a soakaway, i.e. an infiltration well: i) entrance filter device; ii) permeability of the geotextile; and iii) emptying time. The 3.6 m³ infiltration well drains a roof area of 241.8 m². The entrance device is made up of layers of sand, gravel and geotextile set on a metal structure. The concrete rings that form the lateral walls were covered with geotextile, and bricks were laid between the soil and concrete rings. The infiltration well remained in operation during the entire testing period, and specific events were simulated to measure the emptying time. Permeability and fine particle tests were carried out after eight months of operation. Samples of geotextile taken from the bottom, the walls and the entrance device presented average permeability reductions of approximately 50.7%, 7.7% and 21.2%, respectively. The sand in the entrance device retained around 34.8% of fine particles and the gravel retained 0.13% in the same period. The infiltration rate was approximately 34.7 mm/h. The R2 coefficient for measured and calculated times was 0.97.

Adjuvantes na deriva de 2,4-D + glyphosate em condições de campo

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of adjuvants on the spray drift applications from mixture of 2,4-D + glyphosate. The trial was carried out in field conditions in a completely randomized design. The treatments corresponded to solutions containing mixture of the herbicides 2,4-D + glyphosate (670 and 1068g ha-1, respectively) adding the adjuvants (v v-1): mineral oil (0.5%); anti-drift agent (0.09%); spreader-sticker A (0.1%); liquid fertilizer (0.05%); spreader-sticker B (0.25%); and only herbicides without adjuvantes (control). Nylon strings were used to drift determination outside the application area (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 m away) with 4 replications and six foam cylinders placed on the boom of the sprayer were used to collect the droplets subject to drift. The applications were performed simultaneously, using a specific salt tracer for each spray solution to quantify the deposits by spectrophotometer. It was not possible to verify effect of the adjuvants on drift at different distances of the application area. Based on droplets collected above the boom spray, it was found that susceptibility to drift was lower with the mineral oil and the anti-drift agent. The drift risk was higher with the liquid fertilizer and the spreader-sticker B.

Alterações morfoanatômicas foliares da cana-de-açúcar na fase de estabelecimento em condições de matocompetição

Aiming at the assessment of the production parameters and leaf tissues morph anatomical possible changes of the sugar cane RB 86 7515 variety in its establishment phase in the conditions of weed competition, a study over vases has been accomplished in the city of Dracena, São Paulo State, from April to June, 2010, at Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. The species Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, which are regarded as invaders, were used. It was also used the Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and five repetitions, totalizing 35 lots or vases. The treatments ranged according to the number of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens seeds, as it follows: T1 - no occurrence of weed competition; T2 - low occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria brizantha; T3 - medium occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria brizantha; T4 - high occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria brizantha; T5 - low occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria decumbens; T6 - medium occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria decumbens, and T7 - high occurrence of weed competition with Brachiaria decumbens. There was an evaluation over the following issues after 60 days of the sugar cane plantation and the invading plants: the weight of the total dry matter of the plants, the thickness of the upper surface epidermis or adaxial, the thickness of the lower surface or abaxial, the thickness of the mesophill, the thickness of the limbo, the diameter of the xylematic vessels and the diameter of the phloem vessels. The weed competition of the species Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, which are considered as invaders, provoked some reduction of the morph anatomical characteristics and of the sugar cane production. In general, the Brachiaria decumbens was the species which mostly influenced the leaf thickness of the sugar cane in negative aspects.

Formação para o ensino agrícola nos Centros de Treinamento de Professores e de Auxiliares Rurais (1952-1963)

This paper analyzes agricultural education as proposed and developed by the National Campaign for Rural Education (1952-1963) in Training Centers for Rural Teachers and Assistants. It analyzes the curricula of such courses published by the campaign in special issue, number 10 in 1961/1962. Agricultural education was a part of rural education and aimed to train rural teachers and expand the knowledge of rural men to make them remain in their environment. This training aimed to address the shortage of rural teachers, of agricultural knowledge, rural hygiene, strongly guided by the education of manners, of how to behave at the table and by the appreciation of rational leisure, together with campaigns for civil and marriage registration, a campaign for trees, encouragement to elect representatives to boards as a means of educating for citizenship. Such lack of rural teachers and the complaints about low wages disclose the practices of our current rulers who devalue the teaching profession.

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na cultura da Brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraés sob condições edafoclimáticas de cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS