424 resultados para coliformes fecais (45ºC)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fresh cheeses such as Minas frescal and ricotta are excellent means for undesirable microorganisms to thrive, damaging quality and wholesomeness of these products. In this context, this study aimed at evaluating the contaminating microorganisms in the processing line of fresh cheese, namely Minas frescal and ricotta, of a dairy plant nestled in the city of São José do Rio Preto-SP. The analyses were carried out with the following steps: water, pasteurized milk, curd, mass, whey, palmar surface and coagulation tank, and cheeses with zero and five days of shelf life. Such steps were monitored by determining the MLN of total coliforms and thermotolerants; counting of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and mesophilic aerobic bacteria; search of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Twelve samples were evaluated in each step. Among the water samples, three are provided with higher values than the ones recommended in terms of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Three milk samples did not comply with thermotolerant coliforms. The mass samples, curd and whey showed a decrease in the counting for all microorganisms. Both palm surface and coagulation tank showed low counting for all bioindicators. All milk samples showed compliance regarding phosphatase/peroxidase.
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Lately, the acceptability of fermented dairy beverages has been increased, due to the nutritional benefits, the practical consumption and the low cost of product for the manufacturers, and consequently for final market price to the consumers. During the manufacturing process, these products can be susceptible to microbiological contamination. The present study investigated the contaminant microbiota in fermented dairy beverages produced by small- and medium-sized companies, by means of analyses on moulds and yeasts counting, determination of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total and thermo tolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. detection, and determination of pH value. In spite of the absence of Salmonella spp., a high counts of yeasts and moulds were found, and E. coli was detected in five samples (16.67 %); and the sample were classified as “products in poor sanitary conditions”, because they showed thermo-tolerant coliforms counting higher than the standard established by the legislation in force. Therefore, quality programs such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) should be employed to prevent any contamination risk, in order to provide safe products to consumers.
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Polygalacturonases are enzymes involved in the degradation of pectic substances, being extensively used in food industries, textile processing, degumming of plant rough fibres, and treatment of pectic wastewaters. Polygalacturonase (PG) production by thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus on solid-state fermentation was carried out in culture media containing sugar cane bagasse and orange bagasse in proportions of 30% and 70% (w/w) at 45°C for 4 days. PG obtained was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The highest activity was found between pH 4.5 and 5.5, and the enzyme preserved more than 80% of its activity at pH values between 5.0 and 6.5. At pH values between 3.0 and 4.5, PG retained about 73% of the original activity, whereas at pH 10.0 it remained around 44%. The optimum temperature was 60–65°C. The enzyme was completely stable when incubated for 1 hour at 50°C. At 55°C and 60°C, the activity decreased 55% and 90%, respectively. The apparent molecular weight was 29.3 kDa, Km of 1.58 mg/mL and Vmax of 1553.1μmol/min/mg. The presence of Zn+2, Mn+2, and Hg+2 inhibited 59%, 77%, and 100% of enzyme activity, respectively. The hydrolysis product suggests that polygalacturonase was shown to be an endo/exoenzyme.
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As bebidas lácteas fermentadas são produtos formulados contendo iogurte, soro de leite, polpa de frutas, além de outras matérias-primas e aditivos permitidos. O produto final deve apresentar os micro-organismos de forma viável e abundante. Sua popularidade vem aumentando significativamente, principalmente devido aos seus benefícios nutricionais, ao menor custo do produto para o fabricante, à redução do preço final para o consumidor e por apresentar baixa viscosidade, sendo consumida como bebida suave e refrescante. Apesar do processo de fabricação ser considerado simples, utilizando-se principalmente os equipamentos disponíveis nas indústrias lácteas, estes produtos podem estar sujeitos à contaminação microbiana, quando não atendidas as condições elementares de higiene e sanidade. Tal contaminação pode ser representada por leveduras, coliformes totais, termotolerantes e bolores. Considerando os aspectos mencionados, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de bebidas lácteas fermentadas, com adição de polpas de frutas, comercializadas na região de São José do Rio Preto û SP, por meio das seguintes análises microbiológicas: contagem de bolores e leveduras, determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, temotolerantes e pesquisa de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp. Foi ainda efetuada a determinação do pH eletrométrico. Após a obtenção dos resultados verificou-se que 20% das amostras analisadas não atenderam ao padrão microbiológico estabelecido na legislação vigente, para coliforme termotolerentes, evidenciando positividade na pesquisa de Escherichia coli, sendo por este motivo, considerados como produtos em condições sanitárias insatisfatórias, portanto, produtos impróprios para o consumo humano.(AU)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Parasitos do gênero Cryptosporidium pertencem ao filo Apicomplexa, com localização intracelular e extracitoplasmática obrigatória e se desenvolvem principalmente na superfície das células epiteliais de hospedeiros vertebrados. O cão, possível fonte de infecção humana, elimina oocistos fecais deste protozoário com grande potencial zoonótico no ambiente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar molecularmente Cryptosporidium spp. obtidos de amostras fecais de filhotes caninos (naturalmente infectados). Um total de 200 cães foram examinados, sendo 100 machos e 100 fêmeas, 111 de padrão racial determinado e 89 sem raça definida (SRD). Destes, 81 animais, 43, 48 e 28 tinham até dois, de dois a três; de três a seis e de seis a doze meses, respectivamente. Conforme sua origem, os animais eram provenientes dos Municípios de Araçatuba e Votuporanga, SP, sendo que 126 eram de domicílios; 11 mantidos em Centros de Zoonoses; 50 de Pet Shops; 12 de um criatório e uma (0,5%) era errante e havia sido adotada. A ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. foi de 1% (2/200). Ambas eram fêmeas, SRD, com idade entre 60 e 90 dias. A de origem residencial apresentava fezes pastosas com coloração castanho claro e a outra, resgatada do CCZ, material fecal escurecido de consistência liquefeita. O sequenciamento dos fragmentos amplificados confirmou a presença de Cryptosporidium canis. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, é possível concluir que 2% dos caninos analisados eram hospedeiros de C. canis
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Introduction and Objective: Microorganisms are responsible for multiple infections and pathologies; this is why it is important to control microbes that can be found in the triple syringe used for irrigation in different dental procedures. The aim of this study was to identify cultivable species of microbes (fungus and bacteria) found in some dental units water lines of a private dental clinic from Medellín, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Random samples were taken from 11 chairs from a total of 89; a sample of water of 500ml was collected from the triple syringe of each selected chair. The study aim to search for the presence of total coliforms, filamentous fungi and leavened Results: the average presence of microorganisms was between 40CFU and more of 200 CFU. Microorganisms such as Aeromona salmonicida, Actinobacilus sp and Pseudomona maltophil were isolated. No total coliforms neither fecal coliforms were found. Conclusions: the high levels of contamination suggest that there is a mature biofilm in somewhere of the dental unit water line, but the absence of total and fecalis coliforms suggest that the water had been treated.
Qualidade e alterações estruturais do café arábica submetido a alternância da temperatura na secagem
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)