390 resultados para Custo com alimentação


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Biodiesel is a reality in Brazil, due to the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB), which became mandatory in 2008 in adding 2% biodiesel in all diesel sold in a blend known as B2. The agribusiness sector responded to the federal program, facing many difficulties in biodiesel production, which highlights the supply of raw material. Problems related to biodiesel production were mainly the shortage of vegetable oil, because of demand from domestic and foreign markets, and rising prices of raw materials available for production, making this biofuel production economically feasible, even in Brazil, where agricultural production costs are among the most competitive in the world. The crambe is a specie that has aroused the interest of Brazilian producers due to oil content, hardiness, and mechanized cultivation, mainly for being a winter crop, it becomes one more option for farmers in this period. In addition, you can compose systems of crop rotation as well as being used as ground cover in winter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for productive and cost of production of crambe, conducted in no-tillage system, to compare these parameters with other oil crops such as sunflower, canola and soybean. The trial was conducted in the agricultural year 2008 at the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu - SP. The estimated yield was 1.507,05 kg ha-1, resulting in a production of 561,94 liters of oil per hectare. The cost of installation and conduct of crambe per hectare was R$ 875,87, resulting in a cost of R$ 1,56 per liter of oil, the lowest cost among the oilseed crops analyzed.

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The present work is about a comparative study of two methodologies (MIALHE and ASABE), used to calculate the cost per hectare in the tillage operation in the culture of corn. The methodology of ASABE presents a higher cost per hectare in relation to the MIALHE proposal, being that the methodologies presents similar costs related to the depreciation expenses, accommodation and insurance. The differences were that in the ASABE proposal, the biggest expenses involved the payment of interest, fuel, lube and handwork, while in the MIALHE methodology, only the expense regarding to maintenance was more. The methodology of ASABE most suitable for management costs per hectare.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEG

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A dispersão zoocórica é essencial para a regeneração das áreas abertas e perturbadas, uma vez que os frugívoros, em razão da sua variada dieta ao se alimentarem nessas áreas, trazem juntamente com as suas fezes sementes de outras localidades e outras espécies de plantas. Os morcegos filostomídeos estão entre os maiores dispersores de sementes da região Neotropical, incluindo em sua dieta diversas espécies de arbustos e árvores de estágios iniciais do processo de sucessão. Desempenham assim um importante papel na dinâmica sucessional de florestas. A família Piperaceae muitas vezes é um elemento dominante no sub-bosque de florestas Neotropicais. As plantas dessa famíliasão consideradas pioneiras na sucessão ecológica, sendo importantes para a regeneração de florestas e possuem uma forte associação com morcegos frugívoros. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo da dieta dos morcegos da família Phyllostomidae em poleiros de alimentação em áreas urbanas e peri-urbanas e a realização de teste de germinação com sementes de Piper amalago oriundas dos poleiros para analisar o efeito da passagem pelo trato digestório dos morcegos sobre a germinação das sementes,. Foram encontrados dez poleiros de alimentação, sendo cinco na zona urbana e cinco em zona peri-urbana. Nos poleiros da zona urbana foram encontradas 10 espécies diferentes, e um total de 801 sementes foram analisadas, e nos poleiros da zona peri-urbana foram encontradas oito espécies diferentes, e um total de 17220 sementes analisadas. No teste de germinação as sementes do controle germinaram mais do que as que passaram pelo trato digestório (p = 2,2. 10 -16 χ2 = 86.6286). Nossos resultados não corroboram a hipótese de efetividade de dispersão de sementes de P. amalago em poleiros de alimentação de morcegos. Sugerimos que tais poleiros podem não ser sítios de germinação adequados para a espécie. Estudos com poleiros de alimentação...

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Studies on feeding ecology are important tools for the understanding of feeding strategies and niche dynamics. Information on the type of food consumed, how, and where it is acquired, enable the elucidation of species behavioral, evolutionary and ecological aspects. The diet study based on fecal material enables a low-cost, informative research and avoids the sacrifice of animals. The general aim of this study is to characterize the diet of Euphractus sexcinctus, the yellow-armadillo, based on fecal samples, to contribute with additional information on their feeding habits. The study was undertaken at the Nhumirim ranch, Pantanal da Nhecolândia, MS, during the months of February and March, 2014. The fecal material was collected during the manual capture of the animals and oven dried at 60°C. The food items found in the feces were sorted using a magnifying glass and separated in the following categories: plant matter, invertebrates and soil. Invertebrates were identified to the order level and the plant matter to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Aiming to evaluate the invertebrate availability in the soil, pitfall traps were installed next to the location where individuals were captured, during the months of April and May. We were able to estimate the frequency with which item was consumed during the studied period, and if there is a relationship between the frequency of consumed invertebrates and their availability environment. Among the analyzed samples, we could observe the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plant matter, invertebrates and soil in all the samples. The main invertebrate orders found in the samples were: Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera, with FO of 100%, 100% and 87,5%, respectively. Seeds were found in 100% of the samples. The FO of the Byrsonima orbignyana was high (62,5%), and evidences the potential of the yellow-armadillos as seed dispersers. The use of other techniques, such as the micro-histological...

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)