354 resultados para Oxidação fenton


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In this work, air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at two different frequencies (60 Hz and 17 kHz) was used to improve surface properties of polypropylene (PP). The changes in surface hydrophilicity were investigated by contact angle measurements. The modifications in chemical composition of PP surface were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PP roughness were analyzed before and after the DBD treatment using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to compare the results obtained at different frequencies, the analyses are presented as a function of the deposited energy density. The results show that both DBD treatments led to formation of low-molecular weight oxidized material (LMWOM). It tends to agglomerate into small mounts on the surface, as shown by AFM analyses. These structures are weakly bounded to the surface and can be easily removed by rinsing in polar solvents. After washing the DBD-treated samples, the PP partially recovers its original wetting characteristics. This suggests that oxidation also occurred at deeper and more permanent levels on the PP samples. Comparing both DBD treatments, the 17 kHz process was found to be more efficient in introducing oxygen groups to the PP surface

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A curcumina, um pigmento natural extraído do rizoma da Curcuma longa L. é utilizada em alimentos, principalmente aqueles condimentados com curry e açafrão. Vários estudos demonstram seu efeito benéfico em diversas doenças, tais como: diabetes, hepatopatias, câncer, entre outras. Uma de suas propriedades é a atividade antioxidante, pois em pequenas quantidades é capaz de inibir ou retardar processos oxidativos. Para substanciar o estudo desta propriedade, comparou-se a capacidade de captura de espécies reativas radicalares e não radicalares pela curcumina, com padrões (biomoléculas, exceto o trolox) antioxidantes: ascorbato, crocina, glutationa, quercetina, rutina, trolox e urato, em sistemas-modelo in vitro, sobre a captura dos radicais: 2-2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) (ABTS●+ ); 2,2-difenil-1 picril-hidrazila (DPPH● ); ânion radical superóxido (O2 ●-); HOCl/OCl- e H2O2. Investigou-se também seu efeito inibitório na geração do HOCl no sistema, mieloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/Cl- (via clorinante) e na inibição da oxidação do guaiacol MPO/H2O2/Guaiacol (via peroxidativa). A curcumina nos ensaios com ABTS●+ ou O2 ●-, apresentou o 3° menor IC50, 4,93 e 99,66 µmol/L, respectivamente; com o DPPH● apresentou o 6° menor IC50, 24,70 µmol/L; com o HOCl/OCl- apresentou o menor IC50, 1,12µmol/L e no ensaio com o H2O2 não atingiu o IC50. No ensaio com o sistema MPO/H2O2/Cl-, observou-se alteração da banda de absorção (bleaching) da curcumina (420 nm), além disso, nos ensaios com a via clorinante (MPO/H2O2/Cl-) e revelados com 3, 3’, 5, 5’- tetrametilbenzidina (TMB) e iodeto de potássio em meio ácido, observou-se aumento da absorbância (650 nm), o que impossibilitou o estudo de sua inibição nesta via. Entretanto, na via peroxidativa, observou-se uma diminuição significativa da absorbância do produto de oxidação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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A produção de lixo pela humanidade é inevitável, porém, o destino dos residuos sólidos e seu acondicionamento inadequado têm trazido graves problemas ambientais. Dentre os resíduos sólidos, os plásticos merecem destaque, pois cresceram significativamente em uso e descarte, totalizando 20% do volume mundial de lixo. Isto decorre de algumas das propriedades destes materiais, como durabilidade, resistência, leveza e baixo custo de produção. Nas grandes cidades brasileiras, 7% do lixo produzido correspondem a produtos de plástico em filme, geralmente usado em aplicações de curta duração, como o polietileno. Este material persiste no ambiente por décadas, sendo, portanto, resistente à degradação. Diversos destinos podem ser tomados pelo resíduo de polietileno descartado, como a deposição em lixões e aterros sanitários, incineração, reciclagem e biodegradação. A biodegradação pode ser definida como a degradação catalisada por atividade biológica, levando, no final do processo, à mineralização e/ou formação de biomassa. Na natureza, a destruição destes materiais se dá, na verdade, por meio da “degradação ambiental”, na qual atuam sinergeticamente a biodegradação, a fotooxidação, a termo-oxidação e a hidrólise. Neste sentido, desde os anos 1970, diferentes formulações foram propostas para otimizar a susceptibilidade do PE à degradação ambiental. Sabe-se que o PE está sujeito a sofrer mudanças quando exposto à luz ultravioleta e/ou ao calor, e que estas modificações podem alterar a resposta dos microrganismos no processo de biodegradação. Desta forma, este estudo analisou as modificações ocasionadas por tratamentos com luz ultravioleta, calor e exposição ao sol, bem como a resposta da microbiota natural do solo a estes tratamentos, através de análises de espectroscopia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Apocynin has been used as an efficient inhibitor of the multi-enzymatic complex NADPH oxidase in many experimental models involving phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. The mechanism of inhibition has been linked with the previous activation of apocynin through the action of cellular peroxidases leading to the formation of a dimeric oxidation product, diapocynin. In this study we compared apocynin with pure diapocynin regarding their effects as scavenger of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous generated by glucose/glucose oxidase and myeloperoxidase respectively, and as inhibitors of the production of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid by activated neutrophils. The production of hydrogen peroxide was measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent substance Amplex Red and the production of hypochlorous acid by was measured as taurine-chloramine derivative using the chromogenic substrate 3,3’,5,5’- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Neutrophils (1 x106 cells/mL) were pre-incubated in PBS buffer supplemented with 1 mM calcium chloride, 0.5 mM magnesium chloride, 1 mg/mL glucose and 5 mM taurine in the presence or absence of inhibitors. The reactions were triggered by adding the soluble stimulus Forbol Miristate Acetate PMA or zymosan and incubated by additional 30 minutes. We found that pure diapocynin was not better than apocynin regarding its scavenger and inhibitory properties. These results suggest that the formation of diapocynin is not essential for the action of apocynin as inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activation

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The uninterrupted rise in emission of greenhouse gases open way to the use of biofuels, due to politics that focus on fuel safe, clean and renewable. The use of microalgae for biodiesel production has been described as one of the most promising sources of biomass for biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction and lipid profile of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselsim gracilis. The extractions were performed with solvents chloroform /methanol and petroleum ether. The lipid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography after transesterification.The petroleum ether showed more efficiency in the extraction, the best result obtained was in the microalgae D. tertiolecta with 19.52% of lipid. The lipid profile analysis indicated a biodiesel stable to oxidation and elevated viscosity

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine of an ethanolic ginger extract total phenolic compounds concentration, as well as verifying its behavior by means of the oxidative stability, when added to refined soybean oil in concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/kg. The maximum antioxidant activity and EC50, concentration of the extract to achieve 50% of the antioxidant activity, value determined by free radical DPPH method were 79.1% and 42.6 g/mL, respectively. The total phenolic compounds concentration, determined to Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 251 mg/g. The induction period of the samples increased according to the augment of the extract concentration in the oil when evaluated using oxidative stability through the Rancimat equipament. It was possible to conclude that the ginger extracts possess effective action against the lipid oxidation and can be applied in foods as natural antioxidant.

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The nanostructured materials over the last decade have been increasing the variety of studies and research applications in many industries. From the understanding and manipulation of nanoscale is possible to obtain high-performance materials. One method, which has been very effective in obtaining of nanostructured composites, is the electrospinning, a technique that uses electrostatic forces to produce fibers from a polymer solution. By understanding and controlling of process conditions, such as solution viscosity, working distance, the velocity of the collector, applied voltage and others conditions, it is possible to obtain fibers in many different morphologies. This work aims to obtain nanostructured composites from polysulfone (PSU) a thermoplastic polymer with high oxidation resistance and good mechanical strength at high temperatures and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are excellent reinforcements for polymer materials, their mechanical resistance is greater than that of all known materials; using the electrospinning process via polymer solution. Were used polysulfone solutions, n,n-ndimetil acetamide (PSU / DMAc) and this same solution added of CNTs in order to obtain the nanofibers. In both cases were analyzed the effectiveness of the process from the analysis of fiber diameters, rheological behavior and infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained confirmed the efficiency of the electrospinning process to obtain polymeric fibers

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)