Micro-fungos de interesse para o setor de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis

Oil is a hydrocarbon mixture of various sizes, including saturated and aromatic compounds. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons and its main component is methane. In our society, the great demand for these fuels requires fast extraction, transportation and refining, increasing the number of accidents that compromise the environment. Oil is a finite resource and it is necessary to reduce the problems related to the question concerning environmental pollution which has encouraged the search for alternative fuel sources in our country. So today we have two major biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. Concurrently, many studies have been done directed toward the isolation of microorganisms capable of degrading petrochemical industrial wastes, most of them using as a source of isolation soil and water collected in a contaminated environment. Isolation from alternative substrates has emerged as a new strategy that has provided satisfactory results. In this work, we present the leaf-cutter ants of the Attini tribe as a source for the isolation of micro-fungi with the potential for hydrocarbon degradation. These insects have a social way of life and a highly specialized system of intra and interspecific communication, which is based on the recognition of individuals through volatile chemical compounds, the majority hydrocarbons, stored in their exoskeleton. The micro-environment exoskeleton of Attini ants (genus Atta) used in this work proved to be a rich source of microbial biodiversity, as other studies have found. The flotation isolation technique applied here allowed the achievement of 214 micro-fungi, 118 representatives of the dematiaceous fungi group and 96 hyaline filamentous fungi. They were submitted to toluene degradation tests and at least one strain of each genus presented good results, namely Teratosphaeria, Exophiala, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Contribuição da amplitude de movimento articular do joelho na marcha de crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica

Individuals with spastic cerebral palsy show muscle weakness, difficulties in the control of agonist and antagonist muscles, decreased range of motion and tonus and sensibility alterations, especially in knee joint. These problems can interfere on the performance of functional activities such gait. The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of knee range of motion on gait of hemiplegic and diplegic children considering their asymmetries. Twelve children, 6 hemiplegics e 6 diplegics from 7 to 12 years of age (age average= 9,5 ± 1,93) took part. Spasticity was assessed by the Ashworth’s Modified Scale and the passive knee range of motion by an eletrogoniometer. The task was to walk on a walkway of 8m long, in their preferred speed, in 6 attempts, been 3 on right and 3 on left sagital planes. Eigth passive markers were bilaterally fixed for the kinematic record. Orthogonally to the walkway, two digital camcorders were assembled on the sagital plane. The fotogrametric procedures were performed by the Dvideow 6.3 software. The Matlab 7.0.1 software was used to filter and to calculate the dependent variables. The U test of Mann- Whitney found differences to the cerebral palsy type for knee extension/hiperextension (U = - 2.943; p= 0.003), knee relative angle at heel contact (U = - 5.992; p= 0.001) and knee range during stride (U = - 4.099; p= 0.001). The Wilcoxon’s test revealed differences according to the asymmetries for the hemiplegics only for the knee relative angle at heel contact (T= - 2.635; p<0.008). The contributions of passive knee range of motion, revealed by the Spearman correlations, for the more afected limb of the diplegics, showed that the knee extension/hiperextension interfere on the cadence, stride duration and step width; the knee relative angle at heel contact change the stride length and duration and cadence; and the...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Caracterização estrutural do Lineamento de Piúma e sua influência na porção norte da Bacia de Campos

The detailed study of the Brazilian continental margin basins became possible with the advancement of geophysical tools, with emphasis on seismic reflection. Characterizing the structural and stratigraphic elements of Brazil’s marginal basins they realized that there was a relationship with structures present on the adjacent continental basement. So many works began to be made to understand this relationship and know the major factors that influenced the evolution of the continental margin. The study area of this work includes the northern portion of the Campos Basin and the continental outcropping adjacent areas, which corresponds to the northern of Rio de Janeiro state and the southern of Espirito Santo state. This area stands an important structural feature of NW-SE direction with a projection to the Campos Basin called Lineamento de Piúma. The outcropping basement rocks belongs to the Ribeira Belt which was bonded to other mobile bands forming the continent Western Gondwana during the Brasiliano Cycle, which later fragmented giving rise to the Atlantic Ocean. The opening of the ocean results on the formation of the marginal basins of Brazil. These basins have continental, transitional and marine facies. On Campos Basin the continental phase resulted on the formation of horsts and grabens bounded by synthetic and antithetic faults. Continuing rifting formed the saline lakes that deposited siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. The transitional phase resulted on thick packages consist of evaporites (halite and anhydrite) that was deposited in lagoon environment, tectonically quiet arid and semi-arid. The marine phase it deposited siliciclastic and carbonate in the Campos Basin resulting in shales, marls, limestones, ritmito, turbidites, sandstones and others. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible continuation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aspectos petrográficos dos carbonatos da Formação Riachuelo - Albiano, bacia de Sergipe

The carbonatic rocks have great importance in petroleum geology, since most hydrocarbons reservoirs in the world are associated to this kind of rock. The new giant petroleum fields discovered in the Brazilian southeast Atlantic margin are directly connected to calcareous rocks, which are subjacent to the Aptian evaporite pack. This demand an increase in the number of geologists able to study such deposits. The Aptian carbonatic platform is completely exposed only in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Therefore, it works as a natural laboratory to the study and understanding of this kind of rock. The Sergipe Basin is situated in the east Brazilian coast, and has its evolutional history is intimately related to the formation of the South Atlantic Ocean, through the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent. The marine sequence of the Brazilian marginal basins is of Albian age and is marked by the development of carbonatic platforms. In doing so, this paper aims to analyze the Albian limestones from Riachuelo Formation of the Sergipe Basin. The project gave to the student the opportunity to increase his knowledge in carbonates, due to the laboratory and outdoor activities. The studied deposits, within a regional outline, were petrografically described, allowing interpretations about the evolution of the former South Atlantic Ocean. Ten points were visited where samples were collected for making of thin sheets. In this work several carbonatic facies were identified totaling 116 laminates described.

Diagnóstico ambiental no período frio e seco do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros físicos, químicos e físico-químicos

The present study was concerned with checking the water quality, the recovery of the riparian vegetation and vegetation around the springhead of stream Bandeirantes, such as the inadequate disposal of waste along this stream, which is located in Rio Claro, SP, in the period from March to July of 2010. Aiming to propose mitigation measures to reverse the degradation processes and develop activities to help a better awareness of the population directly related to this water resource. The water quality was analyzed by performing monthly sampling in three different points along the stream. The first point of sampling is in the spring of the stream, the second at the region called estradão and the third near its mouth, when it flows into the Ribeirão Claro, a tributary of the right bank of the Corumbataí river. It was calculated from the Water Quality Index (WQI) developed by Cetesb. The results were compared with current law. The riparian vegetation, which is responsible for the protection of rivers and streams, was observed and examined during the field work. The results indicated the stream as class 2 and the WQI has been classified, in the most of the analysis, such as a water of good quality. However, some parameters showed a worrying situation and highlighted the current situation, with waste deposits, furniture and animal waste into the pit of the stream studied

Biologia reprodutiva de Scinax fuscomarginatus, na represa do Ribeirão Lavapes, Botucatu, SP (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

Diversos estudos sobre a biologia reprodutiva dos anfíbios anuros têm sido realizados. Com eles é possível compreender melhor a ecologia desses animais em seu ambiente natural. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da biologia reprodutiva da espécie Scinax fuscomarginatus, visando analisar: a) o sítio e turno de vocalização; b) a influência dos fatores bióticos e abióticos na atividade reprodutiva da espécie; c) o comportamento reprodutivo e; d) a distribuição temporal e espacial da espécie. A área de estudos situa-se na represa do Ribeirão Lavapés, localizada na Escola do Meio Ambiente (22º 55’ 23’’S e 48º 27’ 28’’W), Botucatu/SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada de dezembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. A atividade de vocalização de S. fuscomarginatus ocorreu de dezembro de 2008 a março de 2009. No período de abril a agosto de 2009 a espécie não vocalizou e nenhum indivíduo foi observado na área. A partir do início do mês de setembro a espécie voltou a vocalizar e a ser observada no local. Nos meses de outubro e novembro foi registrada a maior abundância de indivíduos em atividade de vocalização (n=100). O coro era iniciado antes do crepúsculo e o pico de atividade foi entre 20 h e 21 h. Os machos vocalizavam ao redor da represa, geralmente empoleirados na vegetação herbácea. A altura do poleiro variou entre 30 cm e 100 cm. Ressalta-se que muitos machos também foram observados vocalizando no chão. A maioria dos indivíduos observados estava no máximo a 400 cm de distância da margem, externamente ao corpo d’água, porém alguns machos vocalizavam a distâncias maiores. Os girinos de Scinax fuscomarginatus foram localizados nos microambientes de menor profundidade e onde havia maior quantidade de macrófitas e de vegetação ao redor da margem. Estes coexistiram com girinos de outras espécies e com possíveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Grande (BA)

The Urucuia Aquifer System represents a strategic water source in western Bahia. Its baseflow is responsible for the flow rate of the main tributaries of São Francisco river left bank in the dry season, including the Rio Grande, its main tributary in Bahia state. This river has a hydrological regime heavily affected by groundwater and is located in a region with conflicts about water resources. The aquifers geology is constituted by neocretacious sandstones of Urucuia Group subdivided in Posse Formation and Serra das Araras Formation. The embasement is formed by neoproterozoic rocks of Bambuí Group. This work focuses on an important tool application, the mathematical model, whose function is represent approximately and suitably the reality so that can assist in different scenarios simulations and make predictions. Many studies developed in this basin provided the conceptual model basis including a full free aquifer, lithological and hydraulical homogeneity in entire basin, null flux at plateau borders and aquifer base. The finite element method is the numerical method used and FEFLOW the computational algorithm. The simulated area was discretized in a single layer with 27.357,6 km² (314.432 elements and 320.452 nodes) totaling a 4.249,89 km³ volume. Were utilized 21 observation wells from CERB to calibrate the model. The terrain topography was obtained by SRTM data and the impermeable base was generated by interpolation of descriptive profiles from wells and electric vertical drilling from previous studies. Works in this area obtained mean recharge rates varying approximately from 20% to 25% of average precipitation, thus the values of model recharge zones varying in this range. Were distributed 4 hydraulic conductivity zones: (K1) west zone with K=6x10-5 m/s; (K2) center-east zone with K=3x10-4 m/s; (K3) far east zone with K=5x10-4 m/s; e (K4) east-north zone with K=1x10-5 m/s. Thereby was incorporated to the final conceptual model...

A contribuição de modelos utilizando uma abordagem modelo - código

In a world that is increasingly working with software, the need arises for effective approaches that encourage software reuse. The reuse practice must be aligned to a set of practices, procedures and methodologies that create a stable and high quality product. These questions produce new styles and approaches in the software engineering. In this way, this thesis aims to address concepts related to development and model-driven architecture. The model-driven approach provides significant aspects of the automated development, which helps it with produced models built in the specification phase. The definition of terms such as model, architecture and platform makes the focus becomes clearer, because for MDA and MDD is important to split between technical and business issues. Important processes are covered, so you can highlight the artifacts that are built into each stage of model-driven development. The stages of development: CSM, PIM, PSM and ISM, detailing the purpose of each phase in oriented models, making the end of each stage are gradually produced artifacts that may be specialized. The models are handled by different prospects for modeling, abstracting the concepts and building a set of details that portrays a specific scenario. This retraction can be a graphical or textual representation, however, in most cases is chosen a language modeling, for example, UML. In order to provide a practical view, this dissertation shows some tools that improve the construction of models and the code generate that assists in the development, keeping the documentation systemic. Finally, the paper presents a case study that refers to the theoretical aspects discussed throughout the dissertation, therefore it is expected that the architecture and the model-driven development may be able to explain important features to consider in software engineering

Caracterização estrutural da porção central da Bacia de Santos e seu embasamento continental adjacente, através de interpretação de imagens de satélites e geofísicas

The Santos Basin is located in the Brazilian continental margin and includes the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states. Its northern limit is the Campos Basin through the High of Cabo Frio and the southern one with the Pelotas Basin through the Platform of Florianópolis, totaling an area of approximately 350,000 square kilometers in a water depth of 3,000 m. The Paranapanema Lineament has WNW / ESE direction, and extends from the area filled by the Paraná Basin, on the border between the states of Sao Paulo and Parana, lasting up to near the ocean floor along with the fracture zone of Rio de Janeiro. The Capricorn Lineament is a feature inherited from the separation between the continents of Africa and South America, and is the main structural feature NW / SE of the Santos Basin center-south region. These two structures together with other ones with continental origin may be associated with structural features in the sediments from the Santos Basin. This work aims to characterize the structures operating in the central portion of the Santos Basin based on subsurface data in the offshore area (2D seismic) together with data from the surface of the continental basement in a way to correlate the Santos Basin structures with the continental regional traits. This data interpolation showed that the structural features of the continent operates on the submerged zone, the seismic sections show these structural trends for the Paranapanema Lineament / Fracture Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Capricorn Lineament and two fault zones that exhibit structures typical of a transfer zone

Análise da confiabilidade de equipamentos em uma indústria química com aplicações de ferramentas da melhoria contínua

The constant search for improvements and the survival of organizations makes the strategic guidelines are deployed and executed at the operational levels. This work is the approach to critical analysis of the equipment of a chemical industry through a case study based on the classification of each equipment manufactures through qualitative and quantitative analysis on the pillars of maintenance costs, loss of production, MTBF, contribution margin, Health Safety and Environment (SHE). From this study and future data collection, along with the flow diagram show the main equipment that should be special attention. To this can be prepared an action plan with deadlines and responsible. With the results one can measure the maintenance costs, loss of production and technical availability of the plant, with future gains

Estudo da tecnologia RFID e sua aplicação na gestão de estoques

Due to the need of more agility, dynamism and reliability in stock management, the market has turned its attention to RFID, which offers a practical solution and live up to the big corporations' expectations. The search for continuous improvement establishes a direct link with RFID, for its technology offers accurate real time information in any monitored given place. RFID is a radio frequency communication technology. A reader communicates to a tag through waves. This tag can be active, with a battery, or passive, in which its power is supplied by currents induced by the field variation it is exposed to. The RFID technology has a well defined basic principle, but there are many constructive ways of implementing it. The adaptability as well as the flexibility regard to the several kinds of stock in industry, reaching their particular needs. RFID can lower maintenance costs in stock by collecting data more accurately, lowering human error and optimizing the item handling at its reception, exit and while it is inside the company. This paper presents an example of RFID technology applied in a company's stock management. It is possible to prove that there are, in fact, great advantages in implementing this technology, as it creates the opportunity for continuous improvement in stock management, with better application of material, labour and quality tools, since the data collected through an automatized process using RFID are more reliable and dynamic

Propostas de Adequação Ambiental para a Cidade da Criança de Presidente Prudente - SP

The environmental issue has been considered of fundamental importance for the well being of the present and future generations and is inserted into the commitment of political parties at federal, state and municipal government programs, into the interests of popular organizations and business planning. The Parque Ecológico Cidade da Criança is one of the most sought after places for visitation at Presidente Prudente – SP. Located outside the Raposo Tavares Highway, next to the exhibition grounds and beside the agricultural school, has more than 30 acres of area with an infrastructure designed for recreation and leisure activities for all ages and has received new investment of the public power. Given the importance of the ecological aspects, the objective of this work is to perform an environmental diagnosis in order to be able to submit proposals for solving the problems encountered and improve the use of the environmental resources. Therefore, the study was divided into three foci: sewage disposal, erosion process and control of the stormwater drainage system. It was checked the discharge of sewage from the restaurant on exposed soil, erosion processes that develop at the camel and llama cages ground and erosion processes resulting from the convergence of the stormwater in the highest region of the park. Based on these studies, proposals of solution were made for each case, having considered the effectiveness of the project

Morfoanatomia de folha e escapo de Abolboda (Xyridaceae - Poales)

Os representantes de Xyridaceae estão agrupados em duas subfamílias: Xyridoideae, que compreende o gênero Xyris e Abolbodoideae, que compreende os gêneros Abolboda, Achlyphila, Aratitiyopea e Orectanthe. Como as relações entre as espécies de Xyridaceae e delas com outras Poales não estão bem estabelecidas, o trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização morfológica e anatômica de folhas e escapos de táxons brasileiros de Abolboda buscando levantar estruturas que os diferenciassem e que servissem de comparação com os demais gêneros. Foram estudadas: Abolboda poarchon var. poarchon, A. poarchon var. intermedia, A. pulchella e A. macrostachya. As características morfológicas como comprimento e largura de folhas, comprimento de escapos e de bainhas dos nós dos escapos e número de feixes vasculares no mesofilo são importantes para diferenciar os táxons entre si. Folhas e escapos com epiderme unisseriada, estômatos localizados pouco acima do nível das demais células epidérmicas, presença de hipoderme, parênquima paliçádico e lacunoso e feixes vasculares colaterais; folhas com estômatos paracíticos somente na face abaxial e margem com colênquima logo abaixo da epiderme, caracterizam anatomicamente os táxons de Abolboda estudados. As espécies de Abolboda apresentam algumas características anatômicas contrastantes com Xyris e outras similares com os demais gêneros, corroborando a divisão da família em duas subfamílias. A presença de nó nos escapos de Abolboda é um caráter diagnóstico do gênero. Abolboda macrostachya apresenta características anatômicas exclusivas da espécie. A. poarchon e A. pulchella apresentam muitas características anatômicas semelhantes e ocorrem simpatricamente.

Comportamento de forrageamento de Lochmias Nematura (Aves, Furnariidae)

O joão-porca (Lochmias nematura) é uma ave pertencente à família Furnariidae. Tem coloração predominantemente marrom, com pintas brancas em seu peito e ventre, sua cauda é preta e apresenta o supercílio branco. Habita a margem de córregos e riachos, evitando áreas com maior intensidade de luz. Seu canto é um trinado agudo e forte, que tende a suplantar o ruído gerado pela movimentação da água nesses ambientes. Seu nome popular é decorrente de seus hábitos alimentares: caça artrópodes na margem dos corpos d’água e em poças lamacentas e lodosas. Sua dieta e seu comportamento de caça são pouco conhecidos, o que impulsionou a realização deste estudo. Para tanto realizamos buscas ativas por indivíduos desta espécie ao longo de leitos na Serra do Japi, município de Jundiaí, no entorno da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade e no Sítio Esperança, município de Rio Claro. Estes locais foram escolhidos devido à facilidade de detecção da espécie. Para tornar as anotações em campo mais rápidas foram utilizadas planilhas com os parâmetros a serem analisados. Os parâmetros analisados foram manobra de captura, manipulação, item alimentar, tamanho em relação ao bicho da ave, distância da margem ao local de captura, substrato de captura e as características principais do substrato e do corpo d’água. Somando-se a isso foram levantadas todas as fotografias postadas no site WikiAves (www.wikiaves.com.br) que mostrassem Lochmias nematura com presas em seu bico, obtendo-se uma dieta mais completa. Isto mostrou que a dieta da espécie é muito mais diversificada do que o previsto pela literatura aferido através da dissecção estomacal. Seus principais itens alimentares são aranhas, oligoquetos, decápodes, larvas de tricópteros, larvas de odonatos, coleópteros, formigas, girinos e até mesmo anuros adultos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

A fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em uma lagoa marginal ao rio Paranapanema, na zona de desembocadura na represa de Jurumirim (SP, Brasil): se tiver subtitulo

O presente estudo teve como objetivos principais analisar a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em diferentes pontos localizados no fundo da Lagoa do Mian, zona de desembocadura do rio Paranapanema, na Represa de Jurumirim, Estado de São Paulo. Nove pontos de amostragem ao longo da lagoa foram selecionados, distribuídos em três transectos. Cada transecto possuía um ponto na margem direita, um ponto na margem esquerda e um ponto no meio. As coletas foram realizadas em dois períodos do ano, um em março e outro em agosto, para fins de comparação. 2009 representou um ano atípico com relação aos níveis pluviométricos, ocorrendo chuvas intensas no período de julho (um mês tipicamente seco). Foram medidas as variáveis físico-químicas da água, tais como: transparência, profundidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica e temperatura. Foram recolhidas amostras do sedimento para análise da fauna bentônica e análise do sedimento (quantidade de matéria orgânica presente e granulometria) utilizando-se a draga de Petersen. O material foi triado sob microscópio estereoscópico. A seguir, foi feita a identificação e contagem dos indivíduos. Medidas de densidade, abundância relativa, riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade foram calculadas. A análise mostrou maior abundância dos táxons no mês de agosto, apontando para a predominância de alguns grupos, como Chaoboridae, Nematoda, Oligochaeta e Chironomidae, este último apenas no segundo mês de coleta. A distribuição dos organismos foi mais significativamente influenciada pela a condutividade elétrica da água, pela transparência, pelo oxigênio dissolvido e por características do sedimento