Estudo de caso do conforto térmico de dois modelos construtivos em madeira: wood frame e log home

O presente trabalho consiste em demonstrar valores referentes ao conforto ambiental de dois modelos construtivos, sendo o primeiro um edifício já executado e o outro em fase de implantação, ambos no Campus Experimental de Itapeva, aplicando alguns conceitos em habitação mais sustentáveis de madeira na região de Itapeva, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A edificação construída sedia duas salas de aula a partir da tipologia construtiva wood frame, constituída basicamente de paredes autoportantes compostas de ossatura de madeira tratada de pinus.sp, chapas estruturais em OSB, manta de isolamento térmico/acústico e fechamento interno e externo, respectivamente em gesso e sidding (lambris de madeira). A habitação em fase de início de implantação foi idealizada a partir da tipologia construtiva log-home, e atenderá a necessidade de espaço físico para abrigar o Centro Acadêmico e a empresa-júnior “PROMAD”, ambos do curso de Engenharia Industrial Madeireira do Campus Experimental da UNESP/Itapeva. Esta construção foi elaborada a partir de técnicas de baixo impacto ambiental, levando em consideração os resultados de análise térmica obtidos na edificação anterior. Em ambos modelos construtivos foram empregados recursos renováveis abundantes na região, como a madeira de reflorestamento de Pinus e de Eucalipto. Foi acrescentado ainda ao segundo modelo a utilização de resíduos industriais lignocelulósicos, como rolete de laminação e outros materiais locais disponíveis. A metodologia básica empregada para a obtenção de dados sobre o conforto térmico em relação as edificações foi, para o primeiro caso, a coleta de dados de temperatura e umidade utilizando um termo-higrômetro, a sistematização e análise de dados reais obtidos no interior da edificação. No segundo caso, o dimensionamento do conforto térmico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Variação do estoque de madeira morta em diferentes altitudes de floresta ombrófila densa atlântica

As florestas tropicais são naturalmente amplos reservatórios de carbono devido à alta produtividade e extensão (Malhi et al. 2000). Em termos do ciclo do carbono, o papel das florestas tropicais como fonte ou sumidouro de CO2 tem sido amplamente debatido (Saleska et al. 2003), portanto, estudos sobre a capacidade de estoque de carbono destes ecossistemas são particularmente relevantes para compreendermos a dinâmica do CO2 para o atual ciclo global do carbono e para compreender o potencial desses ecossistemas atuarem como sumidouro ou fontes de CO2. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se a biomassa de madeira morta acima do solo varia com a altitude (5-50m e 50-500m) em uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa (Mata Atlântica) para entender como o estoque de carbono dessa necromassa varia entre os locais, estoque esse que é matéria prima para liberação de CO2 para atmosfera pelo processo de decomposição. Para estimar a necromassa em pé foram consideradas todas as árvores mortas em pé com diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP = 1,3 metros de altura) maior que 4,8 cm (ou PAP > ou igual a 15 cm), de acordo com protocolo proposto pelo RAINFOR (Rede Amazônica de Inventários Florestais). Todas as árvores mortas em pé foram quantificadas e classificadas a partir da verificação do estado de decomposição da casca de cada indivíduo em quatro classes de decomposição, que possuem diferentes densidades de madeira relacionadas ao estágio de decomposição. A biomassa de madeira morta acima do solo variou com a altitude (figura 2). Essa variação foi de 1,14 Mg ha-1 (parcela B, Terras Baixas) a 7,57 Mg ha-1 (parcela J, F.O.D. Submontana). Em relação às fitofisionomias, houve uma variação de 8,40 Mg ha-1 (Terras Baixas) a 18,38 Mg ha-1 (F.O.D. Submontana)

Aplicação do ciclo rankine orgânico alimentado termicamente pela queima da casca do arroz e resíduos de madeira

With the growing world energy demand mainly from developing countries like Brazil, Russia, India and China, the search for efficient sources of energy becomes a challenge for the coming years. Among the most widely used alternative sources, biomass is the one that grows in a more pronounced way. This study will assess the real possibility of having it as a heat source in an Organic Rankine Cycle, which employ heat transfer fluids as working fluids instead of water. From a regional data collection in agricultural production and their potential rice production and the resulting husk was defined as more appropriate. The availability of husks together with an amount of eucalyptus wood, provided by a company in the region on a monthly basis, were analyzed, and the low participation of the wood was discarded by the thermal contribution of little significance. Based on this, it was established the calorific value of fuel for thermodynamic calculations and the cycle to be used. It was then carried out the choice of working fluid from the literature and their availability in the library of software used for the simulations, the Engineering Equation Solver - ESS. The fluid most appropriate for the burning of biomass, Octamethyltrisiloxane (OMTS), was not included in the software and so the R227ea and R134a were selected. After the initial parameters modeling definition, as condensing temperature, efficiency and live steam conditions, the simulations were performed, and only the R227ea remained within the feasible thermodynamic and technological ranges. With this fluid the turbine power output was 265.7 [kW] for a scenario of 24 hours/day burning, 800.3 [kW] to biomass burning for 8 hours/day and 2134 [kW] for burning only 3 hours/day. The thermal efficiency of the cycle remained in the range of 6%, and for plants operating with the most... (Complete Abstract click eletronic access below)

Utilização do cavaco de madeira como combustível alternativo para a produção de vapor de água em uma caldeira aquatubular com grelha fixa do tipo PIN HOLE

The steady increase in the price of oil and its derivatives, carbon credits, the concern with the environment combined with the precipitation of rain water and lack of water resources that Brazil has suffered in 2014 caused a migration of participation sources of energy in the Brazilian energy matrix. The hydropower sector suffered big drop at 2013 and is suffering so far, contributing thus to the generation and cogeneration of thermal energy using renewable energy sources such as: sugarcane bagasse, wood chips, rice husks, among others. The selling price of the electricity market reached the level of R$ 807, 00 MWh in January 2014 (Source: ANEEL), heating the Brazilian thermoelectric sector. Although thermoelectric use in bulk water as vaporizing fluid to produce electricity and use in various processes, water reuse plans have become an important factor in these industries. The increased use of biomass has been the bagasse which is allied to the sugarcane sector, strong market in Brazil, and consists basically use the rest of sugar cane, sugarcane industries that would play out. The sugar and ethanol industry is very unstable and only lasts for 6-8 months a year, and the remaining time in the period known as between crop that corresponds to the planting and harvesting of sugarcane and then enter the period of vintage which is the constant cane harvesting and crushing it. This instability of the market and the thermoelectric idle period leads the thermoelectric industries to seek other sources of renewable energy, such as wood chips (pine, Eucalyptus, Orange), rice husk, sorghum among others, to not be dependent on alcohol sector. The present work aims to study the use of wood chips as an alternative biomass for burning a fuel that essentially uses bagasse, the thermoelectric in question consists of two boilers that produce together 350 t / h ... (Complete Abstract click electronic access below)

Confecção e avaliação de chapas de madeira aglomerada com aproveitamento de resíduos de marcenaria industrial

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Estudo comparativo das madeiras de cecropia palmata (imbaúba) e eucalyptus grandis para produção de celulose e papel

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Avaliação da autozigosidade em vacas Nelore (Bos indicus) através de genótipos SNP de alta densidade

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação da densidade mineral óssea em mulheres na pós-menopausa tratadas de câncer e mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Fracionamento de mercúrio em amostras de tecido muscular de peixes coletados na área de influência do AHE Jirau - Bacia do rio Madeira utilizando estratégias metaloproteômicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da sensibilidade insulínica, transdução do sinal insulínico e da densidade mineral óssea em ratas tratadas com fluoreto de sódio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pontes de madeira para pequenos vãos para situações emergenciais

In Brazil there are many cases of cities that suffer from flooding. It often destroys much of the structure of the city, and isolates many families. Relying on emergency measures for these cases and similar cases is of utmost importance. This paper proposes the development of a project of a timber bridge that can be used in emergency situations such as occurs in situations of floods and especially on side roads. It is considered one type of structural bridge which has, among other characteristics, an easy transportation and assembly of the elements. The development is carried out, at this early stage of the project, only about the verification and sizing of structural elements of the superstructure of the bridge. For this purpose, it relies on computer programs, and fundamentally on PCFrame Visual Taco. The first allows you to model the structure and determine the efforts of calculating the elements, and the second one assists at the scaling and the verifications in accordance with the Brazilian technical standards for timber bridges. The wood used in the project comes from the tree Eucalyptus saligna, which is easy to acquaint and manipulate and comes from the region Vale do Paraíba. The bridge in this case of application should have the characteristics mentioned below: short execution time, simplicity of structure and an assembly of a relatively low cost

Modelo de mensuração orçamentária dos custos de produção para uma indústria de manufatura de madeira

The companies who produce goods and services taking of the demanding of the customers correctly use the management of the production. The verification of the costs decisive becomes. This article presents a model of measurement of the results of production for the elaborated budgetary planning for an industry of wooden manufacture. This research intends to evidence the importance of the planning and the budget. It presents main given the necessary ones to the budgetary methods, which are used by the company as instruments of control of the planning, providing the concentration of the efforts of the managers in the point-key, minimizing the tension in the process of decision taking.

Curva de Kuznets ambiental para o Estado de Mato Grosso

Issues concerning deforestation have become a crucial theme in the environmental world debate. In this picture, Mato Grosso State has become an unfavorable example because it represents 36% of the accumulated deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. In order to investigate the relationship between deforestation and income growth, this paper estimates an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for 139 cities of Mato Grosso through spatial econometrics. Using data for the year 2006, we estimate an EKC for the deforestation per capita against income per capita and other variables controlling the spatial effects. The preliminary results indicate that an EKC exists in a reversed U shape, i. e., the income growth reduces environmental effects from the maximum point. However, introducing a cubic term for the income, the economic growth would not reveal any relationship with the deforestation in the Mato Grosso State.

Análise comparativa da rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas de alta densidade

The success achieved by the use of composite resins in anterior teeth precipitately leads their use in posterior teeth. However, the indiscriminate application of these materials in cavities with several diverse sizes rapidly pointed out their lack of resistance to oclusal and proximal wear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surface roughness of composite resin in relation to finishing and polishing technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight experimental groups (n = 15) were divided according to finishing and polishing technique: G1 – Z250TM composite resin without surface finishing and polishing; G2 – Z250TM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing; G3 – P60TM composite resin without surface finishing and polishing; G4 – P60TM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing; G5 – Prodigy CondensableTM composite resin without surface finishing and polishing; G6 – Prodigy CondensableTM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing; G7 – SurefillTM composite resin without surface finishing and polishing; G8 – SurefillTM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing. Three packable and one microhybrid (control group) composite resin was used. The surface roughness was measured using a profilometer at three points in each sample. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Prodigy CondensableTM composite resin showed the lowest surface roughness, while SurefillTM showed the highest surface roughness. Comparing the resins used, only between P60TM and SurefillTM there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0,05). CONCLUSION: Surface roughness was lower in all types of resin composites surfaces in contact with Mylar matrix strip than in areas submitted to finishing and polishing procedure.

Variação genética e desempenho de progênies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis para produção de madeira e resina

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS