Avaliação do peso à desmama e do ganho médio de peso de bezerros cruzados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho de bezerros mestiços de diferentes grupos genéticos até a desmama. Informações de 3631 bezerros F1 filhos de vacas Nelore com touros Aberdeen Angus, Brangus, Brangus (pelagem vermelha), Canchim, Gelbvieh, Nelore e Simental foram usadas (Grupo 1). Foram usadas também informações de 1896 bezerros de fêmeas Nelore com touros das raças supracitadas e de fêmeas F1 retrocruzadas com touros Gelbvieh e Nelore (Grupo 2). Os pesos à desmama foram ajustados aos 230 dias (PD230) e aos 240 dias (PD240), para os grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente, e o ganho médio diário até a desmama (GMD), para ambos os grupos, foi determinado. O modelo matemático usado nas análises pelo método de quadrados mínimos incluiu os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (GC), grupo genético do bezerro (GG) e idade do bezerro e idade da vaca. GC e GG influenciaram as características estudadas em ambos os grupos. A idade do bezerro não influiu significativamente no PD230 e GMD no Grupo 1, mas no Grupo 2 foi significativa para PD240 e GMD. A idade da vaca ao parto influenciou as características estudadas tanto no Grupo 1 como no Grupo 2. Os animais cruzados foram superiores aos puros Nelore em ambos os grupos. Foi obtido, a partir do Grupo 2, um terceiro conjunto de dados, Grupo 3, contendo os produtos do retrocruzamento de fêmeas F1, Nelore-Gelbvieh, com touros Gelbvieh e Nelore, contendo 722 informações de PD240 e GMD. Nesse arquivo foram estimados os efeitos aditivos direto e materno e heterótico individual. Apenas o efeito heterótico individual foi significativo.

Diversidade genética de quatro linhagens de Oreochromis niloticus utilizando o marcador RAPD

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of four Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strains using the RAPD marker. Fin samples of GIFT (G), Chitralada (C), Supreme (S) and Bouake (B) juvenile stocks have been collected. The 11 primers used yielded 81 fragments of which 41.98% were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (G: 18.52%; C: 19.75%; S: 20.99% and B: 24.79%) showed that there was a genetic differentiation among the strains, showing the G(st) values a high (BxG: 0.231; BxC: 0.224; GxC: 0.194 and SxC: 0.208) and elevated (BxS: 0.315 and GxS: 0.270) differentiation. The highest gene flow (N(m)) was among the GxC (2.082) strains. The distance and genetic identity values (0.044 and 0.957 respectively) and the dendrogram indicate that the GxC is the most genetically similar strains. The genetic similarity was high among of the strains (G: 0,932; C: 0,903; S: 0,891 and B: 0.900). These results will enable a correct reproductive and genetic strains management.

Níveis de proteína digestível e energia digestível em dietas para tilápias-do-nilo formuladas com base no conceito de proteína ideal

This study was carried out to determine the best digestible energy and digestible protein ratio in feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles 30.0 +/- 4.21 g) based on digestible amino acids and the ideal protein concept). Twelve rations were formulated with protein levels 22.0; 26.0; 30.0 and 34.0% of digestible protein and levels 3,000, 3,300 and 3,600 kcal/kg digestible energy. The digestible energy/digestible protein ratio was between 8.94 and 15.19 kcal/g. Three hundred and twenty four tilapias were randomly distributed in thirty six 250 L circular tanks at a density of 9 fish/tank, a total of 12 treatments with three replications. After 60 days, there was no significant difference in weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the studied treatments. A linear increase was observed in fillet yield with increasing digestible protein. With respect to feed cost/kg weight gain, the treatment with 30.0% DP and 3,000 kcal/kg DE presented low cost and better cost effectiveness index. Therefore, it was concluded that digestible energy did not influence the productive performance parameters and that effective feeds can be formulated with DP levels lower than 34% when feeding juvenile tilapias. The ration should be formulated based on the concept of ideal protein.

Spinning reserve opportunity cost in hydroelectric plants

Starting from the deregulated process of the Electric Sector, there was the need to attribute responsibilities to several agents and to elaborate appropriate forms of remuneration of the services rendered by the same. One of the services of great importance within this new electric sector is the Ancillary Services. Among the various types of Ancillary Services, Spinning Reserve is a service necessary for maintaining the integrity of the transmission system from either generation interruptions or load variations. This paper uses the application of the Economic Dispatch theory with the objective of quantifies the availability of Spinning Reserve supply in hydroelectric plants. The proposed methodology utilizes the generating units as well as their efficiencies so as to attend the total demand with the minimum water discharge. The proposed methodology was tested through the data provided by the Água Vermelha Hydroelectric Power Plant. These tests permitted the opportunity cost valuation to the Spinning Reserve supply in hydroelectric plants. © 2005 IEEE.

Rochas ornamentais e de revestimento do sudoeste do estado do mato grosso

Geological, petrographical, chemicals and technological studies of rocks of the southwest region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil have the purpose of qualification and application of these rocks as dimension stones. The first objective is to enlarge the offering of new esthetic varieties that show a standardization of technologic patterns, adequate characterization and classification assuring the correct specification of the rocks in relation to the use as dimension stones. Ten rock types are recognized for dimension stones, including granites, diabases, gneisses and amphibolites grouped by its colors in red, grey and black types and showing economic potential of plowing. The results obtained in the technological essays show that the rock parameters are sited inside the standard limits established by technical rules and obey satisfactorily the limit values fixed for granites in internal and external covering uses.

Viabilidade de aplicação das coberturas argilosas da região de Alfenas na indústra cerâmica

The region of Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is predominantly constituted of Pre-Cambrian rocks with well developed alteration profiles in association with colluvial and alluvial sediments. No study to date has examined in detail its potential use in the ceramic industry. The scarce knowledge of its mineralogical and technological properties limits its value and consequently its industrial use. Until now, these clay materials have been used in a rudimental manner, in small scale in the fabrication of red tiles. The present study aimed at analyzing these clays mineralogically (X-ray diffraction), chemically (major and minor elements by X-ray fluorescence and organic carbon analysis) and technologically (pressing granulometric distribution; mechanical resistence; water absorption, apparent porosity; linear firing shrinkage; color of firing and others) in order to better understand the raw material and develop adequate technological applications. The best results of ceramic properties were the samples with higher organic content (more plastic clays) and higher values of Al2O3 (kaolinite and gibbsite) and Fe2O3 as well lower SiO2 content and finer grain size which contribute to a better sinterization.

Danos do complexo broca-podridão à produtividade e à qualidade da cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com doses de nitrogênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen-fertigation on the damage caused by the borer-rot complex to the productivity and quality of fertigated sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in field, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and five N doses (0, 50 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) applied through drip irrigation. The following variables were determined: number of holes caused by Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); number of internodes infected with red rot; incidence percentage of red rot; stalk productivity; and sugar content. In laboratory, the attractiveness and the consumption of culm fragments by fourth instar caterpillars, in trials with or without choice, were evaluated. Nitrogen fertigation increased the incidence of D. saccharalis and red rot. The number of holes produced by the larvae was correlated with the occurrence of red rot. Sugar percentage reduced with the increase in the number of red rot affected internodes. Nitrogen doses did not affect the attractiveness of sugarcane culm fragments; however, higher N doses increased the consumption of these fragments by D. saccharalis caterpillars. Despite the damages to quality, nitrogen fertilization expressively enhanced the productivity of stalks and sugar.

Avaliação ecotoxicológica e risco ambiental dos inseticidas utilizados no controle da larva de Aedes aegypti para Daphnia magna, Lemna minor e peixes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hematologia e ecotoxicidade do teflubenzuron no controle de Trichodina sp. em peixes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade higiênica e sanitária de tilápias provenientes de cultivo, comercializadas no varejo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do desempenho de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus, Trewavas, 1983) em tanques-rede na represa de Jurumirim/Alto Rio Paranapanema

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Monitoramento de características físico-químicas da água e taxas de sedimentação de tripton no Córrego da Arribada (Baixo Tietê-SP) relacionadas à piscicultura em tanques-rede

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mamíferos de médio e grande porte e ecologia alimentar de carnívoros em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófia Mista e palntios de Pinus spp. na região centro-sul do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de biomarcadores de contaminação em tilápias do nilo (oreochromis niloticus) expostas aos herbicidas combine *500sc (tebutiurom) e velpar k® wg (diurom + hexazinona)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)