Mapeamento energético de um edifício corporativo

Increasingly the business for large companies tend to sustainable actions. Such actions may have motivated social, environmental and economical too. Thus, the study of small actions or investments aimed at improving a product or a process may impact on financial return and even the exposure of a sustainable paper company, a fact that is increasingly wel l regarded in the market. This study presents proposals raised in the market and in the literature showing the cost of each investment, the payback over time and the benefits of each project to be implemented in a corporative building located in the city of São Paulo. It was analyzed the energy consumption, determining the amount of consumption of each device through measurement of some parameters such as voltage and operating current, and lifting nominal values supplied by the manufacturers. By understanding the conditions of each equipment and the processes involved, were raised possible energy improvements, focusing on the cooling system of the building, the tariff system and the installation of an energy management system

Desenvolvimento de um computador de bordo para veículo Baja-SAE

The objective of this paper is show the development of an Eletronic Control Unit (ECU) for Baja-SAE vehicles from its requirements to final implementation. An ECU for Baja-SAE vehicles is made of electric and electronic circuits (appropriated to the hostile situations of an off-road competition) able to make important measurements for the running or stand-by vehicle performance. For this development, some concepts were studied: embedded electronics concepts (mainly microcontrollers and data acquisition circuits) and sensoring. Both the studies were made considering the off-road environment. After these initial studies, the elaboration of the basics hardware and software (under simulations) has begun, and this elaboration objectives maximum performance and low implementation cost. After the theorical studies, basic definition of the hardware and software’s architectures and simulations, the printed circuit boards (PCB) were made, as exhaustive tests in these boards for debugging and verify if the boards work well. Once the system was tested in the university, it ran into a regional Southeast competition in 2010, that definitely proved the efficiency of the whole system

Unidade Móvel de Orientação de AVD

Este trabalho apresenta um equipamento móvel, destinado ao uso de pessoas com deficiência e seus cuidadores, denominado Unidade Móvel de Orientação de AVD. Esta Unidade consiste em levar orientações às famílias, relacionadas às práticas diárias das pessoas com deficiência, abordando as modalidades de higiene pessoal, vestuário, alimentação e locomoção. Por intermédio da correta prática nas atividades básicas diárias, particular de cada um, espera-se promover a maior autonomia das pessoas com deficiência, a fim de torná-las mais independentes e melhorar sua autoestima. Com a autonomia adquirida conjuntamente à autoestima, o indivíduo se torna apto a enfrentar maiores barreiras que anteriormente não conseguia. São apresentados as configurações técnicas da Unidade que permitem seu adequado uso, bem como sua locomoção, já que é destinada a atender diferentes áreas

Análise e redução de custos e peso em veículo rodoviário de carga reboque linha de eixos

Load transportation in brazilian territory is made difficult by a deficient highway network, result of low maintenance and lack of government supervision. The problem aggravates when we consider the transportation of indivisible loads, mainly because the brazilian highways are not prepared for such task and few companies in Brazil have the necessary equipment suited for this kind of transport. In this dissertation it will be shown the analysis of a specific equipment to transport overweight indivisible loads, called hydraulic modular multi axle trailer. From an existing project (RB.04LE-01), manufactured and homologated in Brazil, it has been studied how the components in this trailer work so it could have been possible to elaborate a new model (RB.04LE-02), with two main objectives: reduction of costs and weight with subsequent increase in the liquid load for roadway transportation. The trailer’s components analyses were made utilizing the theory of fatigue strength of materials and finite element method with the von Misses criteria for a more safety when realizing the calculations

Análise crítica de um vaso de pressão do setor sucroalcooleiro

This study aims to evaluate structurally a heat exchanger that has been in operation since the mid-60's and was built COSAN for operation in one of its sugar production plants in São Paulo, this equipment as well as many similar devices are operation in plants throughout Brazil, and thus to be acquired by large corporations as in the case of COSAN, pass the scrutiny of inspection work, and work such as recalculations in the latter case in structural evaluations to verify the possible need for adjustments to project or operation and thus ensure the structural integrity of the equipment. To this were first done field survey using techniques of NDT and NDT's for determining the thickness of the main parts of the equipment, made the revaluation dimensional and existing project and considering the loads operating performing the characterization of the equipment as specified in the standard regulatory number 13 - NR13 and the other for this type of equipment and finally an analysis using a static approach, as an analysis tool using the finite element method

Utilização de reforço geossintético em vias ferroviárias

This report analyses the use of geosynthetics in railways for subgrade reinforcement and separation of the track layers. Cases of instrumented test sections were studied. These test sections were located in Australia (with geocomposite applications), Brazil (with geotextile and geodrid applications) and China (with geotextile and geodrid applications). Railway design methods using geosynthetics applications were analyzed as well. Based on a studied case for implementation of geosynthetics in a German railway, a railway track was simulated with and without the use of geosynthetics, respectively on PLAXIS v.8 and FERROVIA 3.0 softwares. The performance benefits of the geosynthetics applications in railways were, therefore, confirmed, based on the simulation results

Eficiência energética em uma indústria madeireira

In wood processing industries, which use electrical equipment in the production process, in most cases these are badly scaled or operate under inadequate conditions, resulting directly in industrial energy efficiency, which proves important because besides having technological innovation, also with practices and policies, aims to decrease power consumption. So in a wiring project should take into account the variables that influence energy efficiency. Thus this work has been reviewed and subsequently calculated some of these variables, such as active power, power factor and demand for the entire industry (global) and also for specific equipment, the chipper. The network analysis was performed in a wood processing industry in the city of Taquarivaí - SP, and evaluated these variables with a network analyzer and also by analysis on energy bills, which were found in both analysis levels below those found in literature. These factors are due to poor design, improper use, storage of equipment or even by characteristic of the production process, ie, the equipment running on empty because of the volatility of production

Comparação da razão sinal-ruído e da uniformidade da imagem entre aquisições com bobina de quadratura e com bobina de corpo

The signal-to-noise ratio and image uniformity analysis parameters are very important in quality control of an MRI scanner. They are measured in regular tests with phantoms. In these tests, however, used to quadrature coil, which has been most widely used clinically, and, therefore, was replaced in the procedures for body coil. In order to understand the difference between these two parameters in these coils, the study aimed to analyze the images acquired from four different phantoms in the same equipment under the same conditions for comparison purposes. With these results, it can be concluded that the body coil signal-to-noise ratio has always smaller than the quadrature in any projection, whereas the image uniformity is larger

Bauru e São José dos Campos: Shopping Centers e Espaço Urbano

A monografia aqui apresentada tem como foco o estudo do processo de estruturação do espaço urbano, com atenção para o papel dos shopping centers. Estes espaços de comercialização de bens e serviços são muito importantes para compreender tal processo e se trata de algo extremamente recente considerando-se o longo processo de urbanização, visto que sua expansão, como fenômeno urbano no Brasil é do inicio da década de 1980. O estudo privilegiou a caracterização e análise das cidades que apresentam população na faixa de 100 a 600 mil habitantes e que na sua estrutura urbana apresentem este empreendimento como um elemento que agregue ou não o poder de constituição e/ou (re)definição de centralidades, dinâmica esta bastante influenciada pela construção deste equipamento de lazer e consumo em uma cidade. Sendo assim, para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, procuramos nos nortear em questões que abarcassem qual a relação destes empreendimentos, quando existentes nas cidades, com a centralidade principal, para assim, tentarmos compreender se os mesmos desempenham a criação de novas centralidades, ou reforçam a centralidade principal já existente, concebida pela estruturação que o centro desempenha

Análise da vibração para o controle do funcionamento de um ventilador de um sistema de exaustão

This work has as objective to show the vibrational analysis as a method of predictive maintenance as an auxiliar procedure in the fail detection in equipments, most specifically in the rotative ones, and with that help the maintenance team to have conditions to foresee the right time to do the swap of the components of the systems, what would lead to failures. Knowing the exact moment the resources of people and money can be focused in the critic operations to the plant. This technic has been already studied for more then 30 years and was widely used in this work, not only as an equipment condition verification method, but also, after the equipment replacement, was used to prove that the new fan was operating under the best work conditions and with that maintenance could return to contol the vibration level of the equipment, not being necessary any kind of intervention

Controle de qualidade em equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada

The computed tomography, devised by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, is in its fourth decade of the clinical use and has presented to be a very useful tool in the diagnosis of several pathologies. For this reason, its use is increasing each day, due to technological progress since its creation. Due to be more and more utilized, the equipment must be in good operating conditions, because it is subject to variance and wearing, damage the quality of diagnosis. To evaluate whether the performance of the scanner remains constant along the time and the dose received by the patient is within the desired limits, periodic tests of quality control must be performed. For this subject, the regulation 453 (June 01, 1998) was created, which determines the need of the implementation of a program for quality assurance (PGQ), where, in addition to the tests of quality control, are established the necessary measurements for the proper functioning of the equipment, generating a trustworthy diagnosis, reducing the dose for the patient and the costs. In this document, are presented tests of quality control carried out in hospitals of the city of Sao Paulo carried out together with the Technical Section of Applications by Imaging Diagnostic (STADI) of the Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy of the University of São Paulo (IEE/USP)

Taxa de desenvolvimento de força em diferentes contrações musculares

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) nas contrações isométrica e isocinéticas concêntrica a 60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1. Quatorze indivíduos do gênero masculino (idade = 23,1±2,8 anos; estatura = 174±31,3 cm e; massa corporal = 81±12 kg) participaram deste estudo. Na primeira visita foi realizada uma familiarização ao equipamento isocinético. Posteriormente, os indivíduos realizaram em ordem randômica 5 contrações isocinéticas máximas para os extensores do joelho em 60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1 para determinar o torque máximo concêntrico (TMC) e 2 contrações isométricas máximas de 3 s para determinar o torque máximo isométrico (TMI). O TMI (301,4±56,0 N.m) foi maior do que o TMC a 60°.s-1 (239,8±42,2 N.m) e 180°.s-1 (175,0±32,5 N.m). O TMC a 60°.s-1 foi maior do que o TMC a 180°.s-1. Para os intervalos de 0-30ms e 0-50ms, a TDF na condição isométrica (1196,6±464,6 e 1326,5±514,2 N.m.s-1, respectivamente) foi similar à TDF a 60°.s- 1 (1035,4±446,2 e 1134,3±448,4 N.m.s-1) e maior do que a 180°.s-1 (656,7±246,6 e 475,2±197,9 N.m.s-1), sendo ainda que a TDF na contração concêntrica rápida foi menor do que na lenta. No intervalo 0-100ms, a TDF da contração isométrica (1248,8±417,4 N.m.s-1) foi significantemente maior que a obtida na contração isocinética rápida (909,2±283,4 N.m.s- 1). A TDF obtida na contração isocinética lenta (1005,4±247,7 N.m.s-1) foi similar à obtida na contração isométrica e na concêntrica isocinética rápida. No intervalo 0-150ms, a TDF isométrica (1084,2±332,1 N.m.s-1) foi maior do que as concêntricas (60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1) (834,8±184,2 e 767,6±201,8 N.m.s-1, respectivamente), não existindo diferenças entre estas duas últimas. Conclui-se que a TDF é...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Os impactos da política nacional de resíduos sólidos no setor de eletrônicos

A Revolução Tecnológica vem colocando no mercado um número cada vez maior de equipamentos eletrônicos, enquanto a absorção dos impactos pelo ecossistema se torna cada vez mais difícil. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos reúne o conjunto de princípios, diretrizes, metas e ações para o gerenciamento ambientalmente adequado dos resíduos. Comparando o cenário brasileiro com medidas de outros países, a proposta é analisar os impactos econômicos e ambientais da nova lei sobre a indústria de produtos eletroeletrônicos

Rerrefino de óleo lubrificante usado

The lubricant oil used in engines of internal combustion must be, periodically, changed. Its mainly function in the engines is to reduce the friction between the pieces, but its presence also promotes the cleanness and the refrigeration of the equipment. These attributions, at the end of some cycles of operation, make the oil to be dirty, that is, full of contaminating substances such as water, gasoline, diesel, additives, oxidized hydro-carbons and rests of metals, not being recommended, therefore, its discarding in the environment. Thus, all the used lubricant oil that leaves the automobiles engine has been thrust, waiting for a solution. The pollution generated by the discarding of a ton of used oil per day in the soil or in the rivers is equivalent to a domestic sewer of 40 thousand of people. The indiscriminate burning of the used lubricant oil generates significant emissions of metallic oxides, besides other toxic gases, like the dioxin and sulphur oxides. In this context, the mean objective of this essay was to effectuate the rerrefine of the used lubricant oil, aiming the increase of its life cycle and consequently contributing for the reduction of the environmental pollution. According to the used process, it was possible to get a rerrefine oil, of good quality, which physicistchemistries properties are in compliance with the norms of NBR and ASTM

Desenvolvimento de um protetor lateral em alumínio

In view of the need to develop a device for security and lateral protection, due to the Resolution 323/09 of CONTRAN, which requires the use of such equipment for most trucks and tow trucks, the objective of this work is to develop a project for an aluminum lateral protection device, according to the ABNT NBR 14.148 regulation, that, among many specifications, stipulates that the equipment must support a load of 5 kN and suffer a maximum deflection of 30mm, but does not say what material it should be made of. The reason for choosing aluminum is because of its low density, so as not to significantly increase the curb weight of the truck, which, consequently, reduces CO2 emissions and maintenance expenses. Additionally, this material presents a good resistance/weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, excellent surface finish and it's fully recyclable; reason why it has been gaining the attention of many industry segments. For the realization of the project, profiles were chosen to make the assembly of the set, and then a finite elements analysis was performed in the HyperWorks software, to verify if the designed device would support the loads stipulated by the regulation. One details to note is that these simulation programs could show inaccuracies, because of the size and shape of the elements that compose the mesh, and for many other reasons, so it is necessary that, even with the results coming back satisfactory, actual physical tests are conducted to validate the proper functioning of the equipment, which was not done for this study