Estudo do desempenho de barreiras de geotêxtil para contenção de sedimentos carreados pelo escoamento superficial

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Métodos da eletrorresistividade e polarização induzida aplicados nos estudos da captação e contaminação de águas subterrâneas: uma abordagem metodológica e prática

A pesquisa teve como objetivos gerais à aplicação dos métodos geoelétricos na hidrogeologia, visando: (1) estudos para captação de águas subterrâneas para abastecimento em geral; e, (2) estudos das contaminações de solos, rochas e águas subterrâneas, envolvendo as fases de investigação preventiva, confirmatória, remediação e monitoramento. Como objetivos específicos, através da aplicação dos métodos da eletrorresistividade e polarização induzida, utilizando-se das técnicas de campo da sondagem elétrica vertical - arranjo Schlumberger e caminhamento elétrico - arranjo dipolo-dipolo, e dos parâmetros de Dar Zarrouk, tem-se uma discussão e proposição metodológica e prática, em função da geologia local, sobre os produtos obtidos por essa metodologia, tais como: caracterização geológica na identificação de aqüíferos promissores e investigação de áreas contaminadas e/ou sujeitas à contaminação. Portanto, esse trabalho procurou apresentar uma discussão sobre os principais métodos e técnicas de campo dos métodos geoelétricos aplicados em estudos hidrogeológicos, com destaque na captação para abastecimento e diagnóstico de solos, rochas e águas subterrâneas frente a poluentes. A proposição metodológica apresentada, procurou aplicar uma relação entre a resolução de métodos e técnicas com custos e prazos adequados a um trabalho envolvendo a Geofísica Aplicada em estudos hidrogeológicos. O emprego da eletrorresistividade, com as técnicas da SEV e CE, por si só, revela-se decisivo para atingir os mais variados fins envolvendo esses tipos de estudos. A resistividade elétrica dos materiais geológicos, é definida, principalmente, em função de seus constituintes mineralógicos e o tipo de fluido presente, sendo, portanto, ideal para os estudos hidrogeológicos de maneira geral. Cabe ressaltar ainda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP

Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital - FMB - UNESP in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. : In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Qualidade de vida em mulheres com ausência ou presença de terapia de reposição hormonal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QL) of a group of menopausal women in the presence or absence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It consists of a cross-sectional analytical study involving women from the School Health Center - Unity Village Farmers' and Town Railway on the city of Botucatu. Participants were divided into two related groups of studies: run HRT and do not realize. We used the SF 36 and QRS, and a questionnaire to characterize the study population. No differences were seen when comparing the groups with regard to age, age at menarche and menopause. It was observed that 92% were white women and who have studied up to primary education (p = 0.0209), and those who had a partner (p = 0.0055), were the most reported changes in QL. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes, which is significantly more important in women without HRT. The account of the lower of QL was expressed by 28% of the sample, and the population obtained in MRS score more negative (p, 0.05). The correlation of the eight components of the SF36 and the MRS, with the presence or absence of TRH showed no significant differences. The concept of quality of life and evaluation of it is subjective and individual. However they can notice changes in QL, evidenced by instruments. One can see that menopause is not necessarily accompanied by changes in QL, however, when expressed, tend to be perceived more negatively. Despite the lower level of social and low education and women interviewed have QL as good. There is a need for studies to improve a more real relationship between HRT and QL

Revista Nise: revista customizada para a o projeto Terapia e Arte (Tear)

O objetivo deste Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso é divulgar experiências bem sucedidas no campo de atenção psicossocial através de uma revista customizada desenvolvida para o Projeto Tear “Terapia e Arte”, da cidade de Guarulhos, segunda cidade mais populosa do estado de São Paulo. Mais do que levar credibilidade e, consequentemente, visibilidade às práticas desenvolvidas por eles, o produto tem a intenção de colocar em reflexão a questão da inclusão social pelo trabalho e pela arte, as principais atividades do organismo, e explanar a respeito dos avanços das diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica às quais o Projeto Tear está alinhado. Por meio de entrevistas, pesquisas e vivência in loco, buscou-se por em prática as técnicas jornalísticas aprendidas ao longo do curso de graduação e levar ao leitor série de reportagens de forma clara e diversificada, que contribuam para a propagação do tema e para o exercício de um jornalismo com compromisso ético e cidadão

Eventos adversos em terapia medicamentosa em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI

Due to the complexity and instability of clinical conditions of ICU patients, the drug therapy applied in this type of environment requires a combination of several prescribed drugs, which is a favorable condition for drug interaction, toxic synergism and possible iatrogenia. In the possible universe of ICU occurrences, this study aimed at identifying and evaluating the incidence of adverse events in drug therapy at the Intensive Care Therapy Service (SETI) in wards I and II. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, prospective and quantitative study conducted from August to September, 2011 in the Intensive Care Service of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital - UNESP. The population consisted of fifteen clinical nurses, including those in the Improvement and Volunteer Internship Programs, who contributed to the investigation after signing an informed consent form and according to approval by the Research Ethics Committee number 10711/CE - FMB. The data were entered on a form and analyzed. Results showed that, on average, 8.9% of events/day occurred, and the highest frequency was observed on August 04, 2011. 63% and 22% were respectively observed in the morning and afternoon shifts, and 15% in the night shift. 48% of these were due to administration time errors, followed by drug prescription and dispensation errors, with percentages of 22% and 18%, respectively. Antibiotics showed the highest frequency of adverse events - 18%, which was followed by 13% for anticoagulant, 11% for antiemetic and 10% for antiulcerative drugs. As regards the occurrence of adverse events related to hospitalization time, the highest frequency occurred in patients who were hospitalized for 10 days. Concerning the ratio between reported events and the number of items in the prescription, the highest frequency of events was related to prescriptions with 20 items... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Opinião de familiares sobre a internação de crianças em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica

A Pediatric Intensive care Unit (PICU) is an environment where care is provided to seriously ill children. Hospitalization is regarded as an unpleasant experience that requires adaptation and routine change. To assess the opinion of relatives of children hospitalized at a PICU concerning tie breakage and/or separation between children and their families. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study. A structured interview was conducted with the families of hospitalized children from July to September, 2010. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty relatives were interviewed, 80% of whom believed that children’s behavior changes when they are present in the unit, and 85% considered the visitation time established to be sufficient. All the respondents reported to be satisfied about the care provided. The feelings prevailing in 50% of the relatives were fear and hope. Change in the family’s union after hospitalization occurred in 85% of the families. The most fearful aspect concerning the ICU is the equipment (25%), and the most worrisome, as regards personal life, is the separation from other children (65%). Health care professionals must pay more attention to relatives by including them in their health care plan so that the health care team and the family, who are essential in children’s recovery, can interact in a congenial fashion. It is also necessary to improve the knowledge related to that subject so that the health care team and families can work together towards children’s recovery

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Brassica campestris sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plants species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective for health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. Whereas both food intake and the oral treatment with different compounds can cause changes in gene expression and that a proper diet has been valuable as a mechanism for maintaining the body's vital functions, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of standardized extract of Brassica campestris L. in the decrease in weight and food intake control. In vivo trials of this product were conducted and studies of its effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice and with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extract orally. After 21 days the animals were killed and the effects of this product were evaluated on the daily feed intake and on body weight. According to the results obtained, the extract of Brassica campestris was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Efeitos de benzodiazepinas sobre o fenômeno da aversão condicionada por lugar induzida por estímulo nociceptivo em camundongos

Medo e ansiedade são emoções que se originam nas reações de defesa de caráter adaptativo que animais exibem perante ameaças que podem comprometer sua integridade física ou sua própria sobrevivência. Tais situações resultam em um repertório de comportamentos defensivos espécie-específicos, alterações autonômicas e inibição da dor. A dor é descrita por uma variedade de sensações e experiências emocionais associadas e constituída de dois principais componentes: o perceptivo-discriminativo, que permite ao indivíduo reconhecer o estímulo como doloroso e localizá-lo numa região do corpo, e o aversivo-cognitivo-motivacional, que compreende uma série de respostas defensivas, objetivando a autopreservação imediata. O modelo de condicionamento por lugar, para medir efeitos não discriminativos da estimulação nociceptiva, vem sendo utilizado em abordagens recentes para o estudo do componente emocional relacionado à dor. Existem paradigmas baseados na aprendizagem associativa entre o estado afetivo e de dicas ambientais que precedem a aplicação de um estímulo, o qual pode ter propriedade aversiva ou prazerosa, dependendo da resposta que se quer estudar. O presente estudo investigou a ação do fármaco triazolobenzodiazepínico, Alprazolam, sobre o fenômeno da ACL em camundongos, que foram separados em grupos experimentais. No primeiro dia, parte dos animais sofreu estimulação nociceptiva, através da injeção de formalina a 2,5% na pata traseira direita, e foi confinado nos ambientes diferenciados de uma Plataforma Elevada fechada (um lado com grade no assoalho e outro sem grade). No segundo dia, parte dos animais 7 (de acordo com o grupo de estudo) recebeu tratamento farmacológico (Alprazolam ou salina) 30 minutos antes de ser reexposto à plataforma, registrando-se o tempo gasto nos dois ambientes da plataforma elevada fechada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Susceptibilidade do Staphylococcus aureus à terapia fotodinâmica (PDT)

A terapia fotodinâmica (PDT), de maneira simplificada pode ser aplicada utilizando um fotossensibilizador (FS) e uma fonte de luz com comprimento de onda específico, que combinados na presença do oxigênio produzem espécies citotóxicas que causam o dano celular. O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi verificar a susceptibilidade de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) à PDT, empregando diferentes concentrações de azul de metileno. As amostras desta bactéria foram sensibilizadas com azul de metileno nas concentrações de 6,25 μg/mL; 12,5 μg/mL; 25,0 μg/mL; 50,0 μg/mL; 100,0 μg/mL e 200,0 μg/mL e expostas à luz LED vermelha (660nm) por 20 minutos. Após o tratamento de todos os grupos estudados a fração de sobrevivência foi calculada pela contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC). O resultado deste estudo mostrou que o fotossensibilizador no escuro foi tóxico (dark toxicity) nas concentrações de 100 e 200 μg/mL. Já no grupo onde utilizamos apenas a luz, não houve redução bacteriana significativa. Entretanto, o uso combinado do AM e da luz LED (Grupo PDT) mostrou que todas as concentrações testadas causaram uma redução significativa de S aureus. Desta forma concluímos que a terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana pode ser um tratamento alternativo para redução de Staphylococcus aureus.

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Coffea arabica sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight, has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to call health promotion has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. This work aims to develop and standardize models of biological assays in stress and obesity, also aims to evaluate the effect of oil green beans of Coffea arabica in the regulation of body weight and energy balance in mice. To this end, trials were made in vivo studies of this product and their effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extracts orally. After 21 days the animals were killed to evaluate the effects of these products on daily feed intake and on body weight. The group treated with the oil of Coffea arabica L. showed significant weight loss and feed intake high. According to the results, we conclude that the standardized extract of Coffea arabica L. decreased body weight without restriction or decrease the amount of food ingested

Avaliação preliminar do efeito da Physalis angulata L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss

Redução bacteriana via terapia fotodinâmica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hemorragia pulmonar induzida por exercício: fatores predisponentes, prevenção e tratamento

The Exercise Induced Pulmonar Haemorrhage (EIPH) affect a large amount of atlethe horses. It affects the horse's performance in any kind of competition and it can represent incresead spending of money or even an economic loss. Thoroughbred horses are the most affectef breed by EIPH because of intensive activity. Meanwhile any other kind of horse breed that is involved in athletic competition can also be affected by EIPH as well. In this brief work we are presenting the most common causes and factors from the EIPH as well the prevention and some types of treatment available nowadays

Terapia transfusional em pequenos animais

Blood transfusion is a very important therapeutic and profilatic procedure. However, the most part of the transfusions in animals in Brazil are done with total blood. The transfusion therapy made in an appropriate way, with hemotherapic products, can save lives and warranties a better health to patients. In all transfusion procedures, the cross match test must be done because there are lots of different blood group types, based on erythrocytes antigen. A slow infusion rate and intensive patient monitoration help to prevent transfusion reactions, mainly hemolytic reactions