Mapeamento do uso da terra como subsídio a um plano de recuperação das áreas de preservação permanente no entorno da represa de Salto Grande - Americana - SP

Currently, the dam of Salto Grande is very degraded. Water quality is seriously amended, and lack of riparian vegetation, as well as the advance of feed crops and land occupation in areas that should be permanently preserved, only complicate this situation. The permanent preservation area is essential for the water sources protection, soil erosion control and consequent watercourse sedimentation. Through aerial photography, using GIS techniques, it was able to identify the outwards bounds of the dam, to demarcate the permanent preservation areas and generate maps for land use. With this data, in addition to studies and ideas of reforestation in different environments, the development of a plan for restoration of degraded areas surrounding the dam is easier to be done. This study confirmed that about 72% of land use in permanent preservation areas is not in accordance with specific laws, making necessary its recovering.

Seleção de áreas potenciais para implantação da zona de processamento e exportação de Fernandópolis - SP utilizando geotecnologia

The implementation of an Export and Processing Zone (ZEPs) brings several benefits to the local, state and federal economy, but often, only socioeconomic factors are considered, apart from several other factors that should be analyzed, such as the environment. In this context of industrialization and the struggle for sustainable development, this work propose to incorporate the environmental variable in the decision process for establishing industrial areas, in particular, the ZPE in the city of Fernandópolis, São Paulo state, Brazil, by examining several physical and environmental factors such as slope intervals, geological features, pedological factors and land use. Developed using a multicriteria analysis, a model has been elaborated, where these factors have received a proportional value according with their importance, supported by a GIS tool (Geographical Information System) and remote sensing products, such as images from CBERS satellite and SRTM radar, showing the suited areas for industrial activities, considering environmental conditions. This model may assist to take better decision about the ZPE implementation area and to reduce the negative environmental impacts that would result of poorly planned locations

Organização e implementação de um banco de dados para a sensibilidade ambiental ao óleo e avaliaçao de ações adequadas de resposta a derramamentos - São Sebastião (SP)

The need to know and to preserve the coastal ecosystems is justified by the whole importance that those ecosystems have for our society. Then, it is big the concern in guaranteeing that those places stay free from contaminations. Among the several types of potentials pollutants that can affect the coastal systems, the petroleum-derived are the ones that cause the worst impacts, given the frequency of these accidents. Rapid actions are necessary in order to minimize the oil negative effects . This answer is faster when the most sensitive areas are known and when it presents characteristics of larger importance, as for instance, the presence of sea harvesting or the habitat of an endemic specie. Besides, it is necessary to know which cleanup methods are recommended and which are not recommended for the reached areas, so, the corrected emergency plans for each coastal environment can be applied. It is in this context that this project was developed, implementing a geographical database for the different coastal environment of São Sebastião municipality, SP, and also the data about the best cleanup techniques for each segment of the coast. This database was made available by the internet, enabling the access for several types of users.

População e áreas de risco: o caso das inundações na área central de São José do Rio Preto-SP

The problem of flooding in urban areas exist in many cities and their causes are as varied as the areas of occupancy or Valley weatherproofing Fund areas of infiltration in the drainage basin. The anthropic activity come triggering changes and impacts on the environment for a long time, and there is a growing need to come up with solutions and strategies that minimize and reverse the effects caused these risk areas. Thus, the present work will address the case study in São José do Rio Preto-SP that is an exception, since the area that is considered of risk lies in the Centre, unlike most lying on the outskirts. This will also analyze the processes of urban expansion and the situations of social and environmental vulnerability, including their interrelations in urban scale. The physical study of the area will serve as an important basis for the work, but it will focus mainly on the population and the problems which this is being in hazardous areas. We will not join a single methodology, wharever, we will follow our knowledge to adapt what we feel that fits better, every time. The importance of this study is that in addition to identifying the problems which the local population suffers with floods, lists measures that minimize the environmental impacts arising through the fostering of public policies

Mapeamento de áreas susceptíveis para implantação de aterro sanitário no município de Rio Claro, SP

The inadequate disposal of municipal waste is one of the biggest environmental problems. The lack of long public politics makes this problem a challenge to their administrators. Finding a place for the disposal of waste is an easy task and the present work looks forward to a better understanding about the concepts involved in order to choose favorable areas for the development of sanitary landfills, minimizing environmental impacts. In this line of thought several areas in Rio Claro`s region were evaluated according to the environmental terms. The areas which were classified as good or almost good will have a more elaborated study such as field works, evaluation and understanding of the concepts analyzed so that there aren’t any waste of money, work, social and environmental waste in the area. These areas were analyzed according to secondary data such as geological and pedological formation and primary studies such as the assumption of the reality as showed in the map will be made in order to acquire better results.

Proposta de recuperação e manejo de nascente em área rural do município de Álvares Machado – SP

The lack of proper planning in intervention works of runoff water on rural properties and rural public roads leads to economic damage and loss of environmental quality. The impact of the action without technical base is soil erosion, siltation of water sources, loss of the quality and availability of water, invalidating areas for cultivation and livestock. The conservation of headwaters requires beyond regeneration of the environmental characteristics the repair and management of the degraded watercourse in order to control erosion. This graduate work in Environmental Engineering from Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Presidente Prudente proposes a headwater recuperation and management in rural area of Álvares Machado municipality, São Paulo State, through the method of deep drainage applied to the case of a rural road near the outcrop of water. This technique consists in the installation of draining structures in sub-areas of the road surface, or sub-gutter and/or in the platform border in order to conduct the underground flow of water and reduce the loss of sediment in water flow. Therefore, was performed a historic study of use and occupation of land in the municipality of Álvares Machado, portraying transformations of the landscape caused by human action. Geology, geomorphology, pedology and hydrogeology data were collected from the study area in order to establish the conditions that led into the current situation of degradation and formulate an effective intervention strategy for civil works

Processo de uso e ocupação do Pontal do Paranapanema-SP: perspectiva das unidades de conservação (UCs)

The current concern with environmental issues by the scientific community, governmental and civil society also brings out the need to recover, preserve and conserve the environment. With this understanding, this work was prepared, which had as one of the main objectives of the historical process of land use and occupancy of the Pontal, since the nineteenth century to the present day. From this, the changes were evident in the types of land use, which rose from native forest to plant crops (permanent and temporary crops) and later as pasture. Through this process of occupation, exploitation of forests and replacement even three, Reserves being brought from the Far West Paulista, through the state government of Sao Paulo, they were almost decimated. Such areas decreed by law to be preserved and conserved, with the rampant occupations, were suffocated by the fakes and illegal occupation of land tenure contracts, leaving the region currently only a few forest fragments and protected areas of State Park Morro do Diabo, PRNP Boa Vista and Ecological Station Black Lion Tamarin. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the main legislation being developed by federal and state levels aimed at protecting natural resources and the effectiveness they had with the passage of time, demonstrating that the conservation of the environment, has several contributions in the law, however, and they are so vast that hinder its application.

Comparação de eficiências do uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland Systems - CWS), tipos ascendente e descendente, para tratamento de efluentes

Water is an essential element for life. The use of this element, to support the community, defines it as water resource. This feature is being misused and degraded by the dumping of highly contaminated effluents. The impoverishment of its quality poses a risk to human consumption. The necessity to manage this resource, treating the wastewater properly, requires the constant improvement of treatment systems. Another need is to adjust the cost of systems to the demands of communities with less financial clout. This study aimed to adapt and understand the systems of wetlands, improving its efficiency, in an attempt to collaborate with the enrichment of this technology. The practical evidence, with lab-scale prototypes, assembled in ETE Piracicamirim with urban sewage effluent contributed to highlight the problems and operating system design. The bibliographic review showed that several studies had effectiveness for treatment. But it was evident the need for better understanding of dimensioning definitions that better attempted to the answers into the project. Moreover, standardization of system conditions for the specific wastewater treatment is an interesting field, identified, for future studies yet contribute to environmental engineering and sanitation

Sensibilidade ambiental fluvial a derrames de óleo e biocombustível: vulnerabilidade e impactos à mastofauna

O trabalho apresentado é constituído de dois capítulos distintos, ambos com preocupação recorrente de realizar uma ciência que tenha interface com a realidade, uma Ecologia aplicável às questões e demandas da sociedade contemporânea como ferramenta para compreender a realidade, mediar conflitos. No capítulo I - Integrando o meio físico, biológico e sócioeconômico na proposição de novos Índices de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) propomos o desenvolvimento de índices que combinem aspectos bióticos, socioeconômicos e ecológicos como: a) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Biológico (ISAB), pautado na comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte; b) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Socioeconômico (ISASE), composto pelo tipo de atividade econômica e pelas características da comunidade do entorno e c) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Ecológico (ISAEc). No capítulo II - Contribuição da área do fragmento e dos corredores ecológicos para a comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte das matas ciliares, ressaltamos a importância da Ecologia da Paisagem para a presença/ausência de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Quais correlações são relevantes e como as métricas da paisagem têm influência sobre a comunidade da mastofauna. Há a clara intenção de compreender a realidade e propor soluções para as problemáticas modernas visando o bem estar da sociedade e a conservação e preservação da biota

Diagnóstico ambiental do município de Ipeúna: subsídios para o planejamento do turismo

This study sought to address the tourism system in its various strands, compared to socioeconomic and environmental issues. Contextualizing the theme of sustainable tourism, or ecotourism, the reality of the city of Ipeúna, there is the incipient state of efforts in this activity because, predominantly, its territory is occupied by the monoculture of cane sugar and pastures, which damages the maintenance of vegetation fragments, as well as degrading areas that often could take a value tour. Through environmental planning, was intended to raise major issues of interface tourism / environment in order to seek alternatives to the implementation and development of tourism in Ipeúna. As a result, it presents an environmental diagnosis of the study area through which to assess the current status of tourist attractions in relation to environmental and socio-economic dynamics of the city.

Levantamento da mastofauna terrestre de médio e grande porte ao longo da Rodovia Alcides Soares, Botucatu-SP, como subsídio para ações de conservação

Atropelamentos associados à fragmentação dos habitats naturais, tanto para construção de estradas, quanto para agricultura, são uma das principais causas de mortalidade para várias espécies de animais silvestres pelo mundo todo. Durante o período de agosto de 2011 e junho de 2012, em um trecho da Estrada Vicinal Alcides Rodrigues Soares do município de Botucatu, interior do estado de SP, foi realizado o levantamento de mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte através do método de parcelas de areia e transecto, além da procura de carcaça de animais atropelados. Espécies como Onça-parda (Puma concolor) e Tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), ambas em situação vulnerável de extinção, foram registradas em proximidade da estrada. Através dos dados obtidos, tem se como objetivo demonstrar a importância da valorização da fauna local, com a construção de passagens de fauna, como uma das medidas para a sua conservação e consequente redução dos diversos distúrbios e impactos causados por estradas

SIG e álgebra de mapas na elaboração de um mapa de potencial de erosão em áreas de silvicultura

Cette étude visait à générer une carte du potentiel d'érosion pour la Ferme Santa Edwirges, située à Lorena /SP. Les résultats ont etés classifiés en faible, modéré, élève et très élève potentiel d'érosion et la carte obtenue a été comparé par rapport aux autres cartes existantes pour la zone d'étude. La méthodologie proposée se basant sur une application qualitative simple L’équation Universelle de Perte de Sol (USLE ou EUPS), en considérant les parties de l'équation: érodibilité, la topographie et l'utilisation des terres. Les donnés ont etés intégrés par l'algèbre de carte dans l’environnement SIG de ArcGIS. Pour la représentation de chacune de ces parcelles, nous avons utilisé une carte des formations superficielles de la ferme, généré à partir d'une ré-interprétation de la carte géologique, une carte de la pente et une carte d'utilisation des terres, attribuant un poids d’important pour chaque catégorie de ces cartes dans le processus d'érosion et dans l'algèbre proposée. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les zones identifiées comme les plus critiques sur terrain. La ferme a été identifiée comme de potentiel d'érosion modérée et la partie sud de la ferme le plus critique, suivi du groupe conduit par la zone de cisaillement, par contre les plaines proches des rivières ont eté identifié comme la zone plus stable avec moins de potentiel d'érosionDe la comparaison des résultats de ce travail et d'autres qui ont fait antérieurement dans la zone d’intéresse, qui ont utilisé les paramètres géotechniques dans la représentation de l'érosivité des sols, nous avons pu voir des résultats similaires, en particulier dans les zones à potentiel élevé et faible pour l'érosion. De la discussion et analyse des résultats, la méthodologie proposée à eté validée

Proposta de elaboração de carta de sensibilidade ambiental aplicada a postos de combustíveis em Rio Claro-SP

Leaking of hydrocarbon in fuel underground storage tanks constitute object of concern for urban environmental management, because therefore they provoke damages to the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment. Though laws that regulate this essential activity exist, aiming at to prevent contamination with hydrocarbon, we observe that this still happens. This fact evidences that the selection of places for installation of gas stations has not considered the characteristics of the natural environment, implying in more critical consequences associated to the leaking. The objective of this work is to elaborate a chart applied to the gas stations in Rio Claro/SP. The determination of the Index of Environmental Sensitivity for elaboration of such chart was carried through breaking the selection of factors of Environmental Sensitivity of physical, biological and socioeconomic environment. The balance of these factors was given by means of Ad hoc consultation. The crossing of the information was carried through using the method of overlapping of overlays. The result is a chart that shows us areas with classes of high, middle and low Environmental Sensitivity. One gives credit that this type of material can be used as criterion in the selection of adjusted areas for installations of new gas stations and management of the already installed gas stations. The diagnosis of the current situation of the gas stations in the area and recommendations had also been elaborated.

Diagnóstico ambiental de atividades de mineração com ênfase em olarias no município de Rio Claro (SP)

The environmental diagnosis of any area affected for mining activities contributes in a positive form for the analysis of the characteristics of the environment, biological and social, thus being able to establish control parameters. The clay extration for red ceramics promotes the environment degradation as any another one cultivates of mineral goods, but in lesser scale, which had to the dimensions of potteries. Being thus, some decurrent environment characteristics of the clay extration had been inquired clearly used for potteries located in the city of Rio Claro, SP. For this, the followed method was the cadastre of these areas and potteries in created tables, searching, with this, the contribution for the involved people in the extract activity of related potteries and the facilitation in the visualization of the main problems, necessities and proposals for each one. It could be perceived that the environmental diagnosis of the areas had in common presented referring points to the places where if they find the activities. The same ones are located in the region the northwest of Rio Claro and well next one to the others. Moreover, they have in common, referring characteristics to the process of manufacture of bricks. In common, all the responsibility for the administration and course of the activities competes to the proper families, since the administrative part, even though to the process of manufacture of the bricks. Moreover, from the comment of the areas through field work, the prominent use of diverse areas in the region for the clay extration is noticed, making with that the region has great importance in the regional scene.

Planejamento ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego da Olga, UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema – São Paulo: inventário e diagnóstico

This work, presented in order to obtain the environmental engeneer title, is to raise the current status of environmental conditions in the watershed of the stream of Olga and thus contribute to environmental planning for the recovery, conservation and preservation. To this end, we conducted literature surveys and survey of the characteristics of the watershed, analysis of water fron stream of Olga and making use of remote sensingand of the soil, environmental fragiityand spatialization of APPs in order to carry out further research on the environmental conditions of the basin, as well as inferences about possible causes of degradation of watershed.Most of the basin of the stream Olga had a high environmental fargility and the main problem was the lack of riparian vegetation is also considered the cause of environmental problems of the watershed.The results will be available to municipal governments in order to contribute to their planning and management of UGRHI the teh watershed pertence