Comercialização de energia elétrica no Brasil

How companies can sell their surplus production capacity of electric power in Brazil? This work was developed from the question presented and focusing on clarification of procedures to enter the Brazilian electricity market by providing basic guidelines based on resolutions by National Agency of Electric Energy, National System Operator procedures and rules of the Assembly of Electric Energy Commercialization. It features subsidy to companies that fit this profile to evaluate the possibility to sell their surplus electricity. The general aim was to analyze the procedures and the necessary steps to make this sale happen. Was developed through a literature review where an overview of the Brazilian electric sector and a case study of a company that has excess capacity of electricity, but doesn’t make its marketing. Resulted in the expected clarification as well as the incentive for companies through the information presented, the entry in this trade since power is still crucial to the country's economic growth and ensure its availability in quantity demanded is a challenge of the utmost importance for satisfactory results are achieved economic development contributing to the progress of our society

Sistema de cálculo computacional da unidade monitora para feixes de elétrons em radioterapia

In radiation theraphy with electron beam, the electrons are produced in linear accelerators, and energy the most used have between 4MeV and 20MeV. Generally, the treatments are done for superficial injuries, because the low penetration of these particles. In this work a system for calculation of monitor units (U.M.) for cases of treatments with electron beam was developed. The Excel program of Microsoft was used and is easily found in the operational system of the personal microcomputers. In the Excel has been inserted the pertinent data of the linear accelerator of Varian, model 2100C, used in the Service of radiation theraphy of the Hospital of the Clinics of the College of Medicine of the UNESP of Botucatu. For some values of the physical parameters, such as: factors field and factors calibration, not supplied in the tests of acceptance of the machine, still proceeded calculations from interpolation and extrapolation. The mathematical formulas for automatic search of these and others factors used in the calculations of the determination of the U.M had been developed in agreement available routines in Excel. For this the functions had been used the function IF (that it imposes search condition) and the PROCH (that looks a value in a column from determined line), beyond the basic functions of addition, multiplication and division. It is intended to optimize the routine of the Services of radiation theraphy that perform through eletrontheraphy procedures, speeding the calculations and minimizing the occurrence of errors and uncertainties deriving of the maken a mistake manipulation of the parameters gotten in tables of data of electron beams

Viabilidade técnica e econômica na utilização de um sistema fotovoltaico para alimentação de luminárias LED na Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Guaratinguetá SP

Solar energy can be considered the largest source of energy available on earth and has attracted in recent decades, attention and interest for its rational use. The use of energy sources in a sustainable way is essential to the survival of future generations, due to the scarcity of natural resources and their exploitation in a disorderly way. This academic work aims to bring a possible alternative to reduce the consumption of eletrical energy, at the University of Engineering – Campus of Guaratinguetá, through the use of a photovoltaic system interconnected to the LED bulbs. For this, the necessary data for the design of the photovoltaic system componentes and their acquisition costs were obtained and three differents configurations were developed to choose the one that bests fits the studied case, considering the return time of the initial investment (payback)

Anteprojeto de um sistema digital de proteção e controle aplicado em uma subestação elétrica industrial

With the growth of the demand on electric energy in the last decades, the urban distribution and transmission systems have experienced a bigger necessity to improve on the substations, the automation procedures and techniques on the operation maneuvers of such systems, in a sense that better attends the quality levels, availability, continuity and operational reliability. In this way, the objective of the present paper is to perform a study of protection and control on an electrical industrial system involving the procedures of digitizing and maneuvers automatism utilizing operational techniques and other pertinent information used in a typical high-voltage Industrial Electrical System. Analysis were made on short-circuits to specify the main components of the 138 [kV] substation, in addition, there were used digital MiCOM relays to make the protection of the present elements. With that, a program was developed to allow the user to monitor the condition of circuit-breakers through a supervision screen being able to simulate some kinds of faults, as well as observing the characteristics of each device. This way, the importance of having a fast and reliable system that ensures the equipment’s protection and the industrial process continuity due to faults on the electrical system is noticeable. It’s important to highlight that all this digitizing was mainly favored by the development of digital technology on the last years, mainly on microelectronics, also with the appearance of supervision gadgets allowing the development of complex systems in supervision and electric energy control

Tratamento da manipueira em sistema anaeróbio de leito fixo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sistema de automação residencial controlado via rede doméstica

The present work develops a residential automation system controlled by PIC microcontroller connected to a domestic network using the TCP/IP protocol. This was motivated by the viability of building an automation system to control basic elements of a house with low cost, which cannot be found nowadays. Initially is presented a brief history of the automation systems and an introduction about PIC microcontrollers. Afterwards is presented an overview of the system to be implemented. Then it is shown a suggested circuit and the sensor and actuator elements as well as the software to manage the system, this was all build and test in the laboratory. In the end are the results obtained from the prototype, like the energy consumption, the cost, efficiency and reliability

Aplicação do conceito de geração distribuída a um sistema fotovoltaico residencial

This work presents a study about distributed generation using photovoltaic systems in the context of smart grids. The characteristics of a Smart Grid and the several aspects this concept involves - distributed generation among them - are discussed. There are also examples of equipment, like smart meters, and of national and international projects. The specificities of distributed generation and the rules and standards necessary in this sort of installation are talked through with focus in the solar energy generation method. Regarding photovoltaic systems, the working principles of the panels are presented, along with its main electrical characteristics and the technologies available. Finally there is a study concerning the sizing of a distributed generation system that involves photovoltaic panels in a residential plant. An analysis of the costs and return of investment period is made about the specific case in consideration.

Análise da qualidade de energia elétrica proveniente de uma planta solar fotovoltaica conectada à rede de distribuição de energia

Ce document présente l'analyse de la qualité de l'énergie dans une centrale solaire photovoltaïque - avec une capacité installée de 1 MWpico, relié au réseau de distribution d’électricité en 11,9 kV, qui a comme but connaître et également de comparer à la norme nationale actuelle, les effets de la qualité de l'énergie électrique résultant de l'utilisation de cette type matrice génératrice. Le rapport a été basé sur des niveaux spécifiés dans le module 8 des Procédures de distribution d'électricité dans le réseau national d'électricité - PRODIST, qui précise les directrices sur la question de la qualité de l'énergie électrique sur le territoire brésilien. Il a été considéré aussi les recommandations internationales 929 et 1547, qui proposent des pratiques recommandées concernant des systèmes de génération de l'énergie solaire PV (photovoltaïque), et également des normes pour le raccordement de ces types de sources au réseau de distributions d'électricité, tous deux établis par l'Institut des ingénieurs électriciens et électroniciens, largement connu comme IEEE. Le développement et le travail sur le terrain a eu lieu de manière continué, et non dans des moments spécifiques, assurant de cette manière, la fiabilité des données obtenues

Estudo e análise comparativa da eficiência de um sistema alimentado por células fotovoltaicas para utilização em luminárias do tipo LED com e sem etapas de conversão

Energy efficiency is an increasingly important issue due to the current scenario where increasing demand is growing faster than the energy supplied. It is important, therefore, analyze and minimize electrical system losses. This study conducts a comparison of a system formed by a photovoltaic generator feeding an LED lamp directly without steps DC-AC -DC conversion, and a system using these conversion steps for the same lamp power. Losses in conversion steps are quantified and the degradation of power quality occurred due to conversion is evaluated

Recuperação da palha da cana-de-açúcar para a produção de energia elétrica e etanol celulósico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Projeto de controladores para a maximização de sistemas de captação de energia considerando excitação não ideal

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Estudo da viabilidade de implantação de plantas para conversão de energia térmica do oceano (OTEC) no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Alocação ótima de chaves de interconexão nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Alocação ótima de equipamentos SVC e TCSC na rede de transmissão de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Aplicação de técnicas metaheurísticas para resolver o problema de coordenação de carregamento de veículos elétricos em sistemas de distribuição

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS