383 resultados para Flavonoids


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Os flavonoides são compostos naturais presentes em diversos tipos de plantas e vegetais, quimicamente classificados como polifenóis e geralmente encontrados em sua forma livre ou glicosilada. Os compostos eriodictiol e hesperidina são flavonoides derivados de frutas cítricas, sendo o primeiro predominantemente presente no limão e o segundo em laranja. Seus principais efeitos quando consumidos por humanos incluem melhorias do sistema cardiovascular, efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antimicrobianos, anticâncer, antifertilidade, antinociceptivo, antioxidante entre outros. Os mecanismos principais envolvidos correspondem desde interações com enzimas regulatórias, à capacidade quelante de alguns flavonoides em sequestrar radicais livres.O uso de alternativas terapêuticas com o eriodictiol e a hesperidina já vem sido utilizada há anos e os mecanismos propostos para a explicação de seus efeitos elucidados.

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A produção de maracujá vem ganhando grande importância no Brasil, notadamente a partir das últimas três décadas, o que coloca o país numa situação de destaque no ranking mundial, sendo o maior produtor do mundo. As principais espécies produzidas e exploradas comercialmente são: Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg., o maracujá amarelo ou azedo e Passiflora alata Dryand, o maracujá doce. Apesar de serem espécies bem difundidas, há poucos estudos que as relacionem. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar as polpas das duas espécies, avaliando suas semelhanças e diferenças através de testes físico-químicos e determinando seus compostos bioativos. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos, no Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, campus Araraquara. Para analisar e comparar as espécies estudadas foram utilizadas amostras “in natura” e congeladas de ambas as espécies e foram determinados os compostos bioativos (carotenoides totais, fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais), ácido ascórbico, acidez total titulável (ATT), atividade sequestrante de radicais livres (DPPH) e sólidos solúveis totais (SST). Todas as análises foram realizados em triplicata. Em todas as determinações, o maracujá doce, Passiflora alata Dryand, apresentou valores menores em relação ao maracujá azedo, Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg..Os valores demonstram maiores quantidades de antioxidantes em maracujá amarelo em relação ao maracujá doce. Também demonstram que a indicação de consumo para Passiflora alata Dryand, é do fruto “in natura”, uma vez que para haver industrialização e processamento, há necessidade de maior acidez. Já Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. demonstra-se adequado para a industrialização.

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Coleus blumei Benth (Lamiaceae), popularly known in Brazil as heart-hurt or coleus-of-Java is an ornamental plant widely used due to the color of its leaves. Several species of the genus Coleus present compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and allopathic activities due to the presence of chemicals such coleonol, forskolin and rosmarinic acid. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out phytochemical study and biological tests to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and allopathic activities of the 70% ethanol extract and its fractions ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and end aqueous fraction leaf of Coleus blumei Benth. The plant extract was prepared by turbolisis from the powder of dried leaves, as a solvent for extraction using 70% ethanol. The ethanol extract was fractionated with solvents dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical study identified the presence of saponins, free anthraquinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. In evaluating the antibacterial dichloromethane fraction showed activity against all microorganisms tested both in agar diffusion test and microdilution test. The 70% ethanol extract showed activity against the micro-organisms S. aureus and S. epidermidis in agar diffusion test and against all microorganisms tested in microdilution test. The ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against the micro-organism S. aureus in the agar diffusion test and against all microorganisms tested in microdilution test. The end aqueous fraction showed no activity against any micro-organism tested. In the test of evaluation activity allopathic dichloromethane fraction showed greater inhibition of seed germination and growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), followed by 70% ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and the end aqueous fraction. In testing the antioxidant activity with DPPH ethyl acetate fraction showed higher antioxidant activity followed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between nuts, including walnuts, intakes and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The nuts contain phenolics compounds and flavonoids and are rich in tocopherol, phytosterols, and squalene. They are sources of carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and minerals. Since walnuts contain high levels of n-3 fatty acids and low unsaturated fatty acids, high levels of vitamin E, pholyphenols, flavonoids, arginine and fiber. The compounds possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, which are linked to a reduced risk for developing atherosclerosis and cancer. In recent years, the consumers have been showing an increased interest in nuts and walnuts because of their nutritional qualities and their potential beneficial effects on people’s health This review aims to describe the importance of beneficial bioactive compounds present in nuts and walnuts.

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This study presents a literature review which shows the nutritional, medicinal and antioxidant importance of mushrooms. In this research, the main antioxidant compounds of mushrooms, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and tocopherols, as well as their mechanisms of action were described. The main in vitro methods used for evaluation of the antioxidant activity of these compounds were approached. The influences from the solvent polarity and the kind of extraction in the acquisition of the antioxidant compounds were also discussed. It was possible to conclude that mushrooms are a source of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, thus presenting nutritional properties. The functional and medicinal properties are attributed to glucans, besides being excellent sources of natural antioxidants. Regarding the extraction process, it was noticed that the solvent polarity used in the extraction process is determinant in the obtainment of antioxidant compounds.

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Biological activities of flavonoids have been extensively reviewed in literature. The biochemical profile of afzelin, kaempferitrin, and pterogynoside acting on reactive oxygen species was investigated in this paper. The flavonoids were able to act as scavengers of the superoxide anion, hypochlorous acid and taurine chloramine. Although flavonoids are naturally occurring substances in plants which antioxidant activities have been widely advertised as beneficial, afzelin, kaempferitrin, and pterogynoside were able to promote cytotoxic effect. In red blood cells this toxicity was enhanced, depending on flavonoids concentration, in the presence of hypochlorous acid, but reduced in the presence of 2,20 -azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) free radical. These flavonoids had also promoted the death of neutrophils, which was exacerbated when the oxidative burst was initiated by phorbol miristate acetate. Therefore, despite their well-known scavenging action toward free radicals and oxidants, these compounds could be very harmful to living organisms through their action over erythrocytes and neutrophils.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)