Mensuração das dimensões cardíacas pelo método VHS (Vertebral Heart Size) em cães

It is imortant to be able to evaluate the cardiact size . In 1995, was proposed by Buchanan and Bücheler a new way to measure the dimensions of the cardiac silhouette. This study aims to gather several studies of the cardiac dimensions by VHS method in the right lateral recumbency of of different breeds of dogs in a single work, facilitating the assess to information. Deep chest breeds have a smaller mean VHS value than the barrel chest breeds, showing that there is a variation of the VHS values acoording to the thoracic conformation of each breed, which indicates that there is a need to recognize the specific VHS values according to the breed standard to not to interpret the cardiac measurement in a wrong way through not compatible reference values for the animal. There is the individual variation that should be taken into accont at the time of measurement. The VHS is a helper method to a radiographic evaluation of the heart, and the ultrasonography remains the gold standard for the evaluation of the cardiac chambers and other changes of the heart

Espondilomielopatia cervical caudal em cães: diagnóstico por imagem

The Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, also known as “Wobbler syndrome” is a neurological disorder that affects mainly breeds of large and giant size, especially Doberman pinsher and Great danes. Its aetiology is multifactorial and leads to a narrowing of the spinal canal by morphological and positional caudal cervical vertebrae (C5, C6 and C7), causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The clinical signs presented by the affected animals are progressive ataxia of hindlimbs and, later, the forelimbs, sometimes progressing to tetraparesis. Neck pain may be present. The diagnosis is made through the association of clinical signs and diagnostic imaging such as radiography, myelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. According to the classification of the lesion obtained by imaging examinations, the conservative or surgical treatment is established and the prognosis is variable in accordance with the degree of affection of the spinal cord

Síndrome dilatação-vólvulo gástrico em cães

The gastric dilatation- volvulus (GDV) is an acute and potentially lethal disease, characterized by increased size of the stomach associated with mesenteric rotation on its axis, which affects mainly large breed dogs and giants with deep and narrow chest. The diagnosis is made from the history, physical examination, clinical signs and radiographic evaluation. It is an emergency that requires immediate therapy and consists on protocols to treat shock, gastric decompression, surgical repositioning of the stomach, gastropexy and intensive post-operative care. Despite the significant progress in the elucidation of pathophysiological events, risk factors and treatment, there was almost no progress in determining the root causes of this disease. A significant advance was recently described in the literature on this topic is the technique of gastropexy laparoscopy. Instruct the owners of the high risk breeds is extremely important to avoid situations in which the severity of the illness make the surgical treatment impracticable and the animal’s condition irreversible

Diagnóstico molecular da alteração mutagênica nt 230 (del4) no gene MDR1 em cães

P-glycoprotein is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven drug efflux carrier responsible for transport of xenobiotics and multiple classes of drugs, many usually use in veterinary medicine. Encoded by MDR1 gene, also referred to as ABCB1, located on chromosome 14, is expressed in many tissues with secretory or excretory functions, such as liver, kidney and intestine, where it limits drug absorption from the gut and promotes drug excretion into the bile and urine of their substrates. In 2001, a 4 base pair gene deletion mutation in the canine MDR1 gene was identified as MDR1-1▲, ABCB1-1▲, MDR1 MDR1 nt 230 (del4) and associated with an non-functional Pglycoprotein. The clinical correlation is the (hyper) sensitivity of certain dogs breeds, mostly collies, to a few classes of drugs such as anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, vincristine, vinblastine), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin, moxidectin), steroids hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, dexamethasone), antimicrobial agents (tetracycline, doxycycline, levofloxacin, ketoconazole, itraconazole), analgesics (morphine, methadone), antidiarrheals (loperamide), antiepileptic agents (phenothiazine), cardiac drugs (digoxin, diltiazem, verapamil, talinolol) and others. Dogs with homozygous MDR1 nt 230 (del4) MDR1 mutations (MDR1 - / -) have a higher predisposition to intoxication with substrates of P-gp than heterozygous (MDR1 + / -) and these are more likely than dogs homozygous nonmutant (MDR1 +/ +). After the identification of nt230 (del4) mutation, several molecular techniques have been developed for identification of mutant animals as a diagnostic method. The importance of molecular diagnosis is, after the identification of mutant animals, establish treatment protocols safe, exclude this animals from reproduction (genetic selection program) and investigating the history of adverse drugs reactions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Osteossarcoma apendicular: revisão de literatura

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in dogs. It affects most commonly dogs of big or giant breeds with 7 to 8 years and the etiology is unknown. Osteosarcoma is defined as a bone matrix-producing malignant mesenchymal tumor and has a predilection for the metaphyseal region of appendicular skeleton, however, it can affect axial skeleton and soft tissues. Distal radius is the most commonly affected site. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma can be obtained with history, physical examination, radiographs and biopsy. Lung is the most common organ for metastatic disease. The mainly treatment for osteosarcoma is limb amputation and systemic chemotherapy for metastatic disease control. Limb-sparing surgery is a viable alternative to amputation for dogs with concomitant conditions that impede limb amputation. Palliative treatments for osteosarcoma have been studied such as local and systemic radiotherapy, immunotherapy and biphosphonates. This study has the objective of presenting the aspects of diagnosis and treatment for appendicular osteosarcoma

Dinâmica folicular ovariana e bases para a aplicação das biotécnicas da reprodução em bovinos

In the last years Brazil has achieved a leading position in worldwide cattle breeding. This country is consolidating the practice of an intensive and technical level cattle breeding, due to greater emphasis on reproductive efficiency and genetic improvement. The attention given to reproductive efficiency became to enhance the genetic improvement process, by exploiting the full reproductive potential of the animals. The biotechniques applied to reproduction arised to expand the reproductive potential for greater economic return. Are the most important reproductive biotechniques the FTAI and in vivo and in vitro embryo production for embryo transfer. Different hormonal treatments are consolidating to interfere with normal physiology in order to achieve the desired goals. The FTAI works to increase the reproductive rates of cattle through pre-booked artificial insemination in all the females in reproduction, without the need for estrous detection. The in vivo and in vitro embryo production aims to distribute the genetics of males and females genetically improved by transferring their embryos to genetically inferior females. Superovulation treatments designed to prevent the mechanism of dominance, which results in many follicles ovulating simultaneously for in vivo embryo production. To the in vitro embryo production, the technique of ovarian puncture guided by transvaginal ultrasound allows to aspirate a number of quality oocytes. The application of biotech is based on knowledge of the female and ovarian reproductive physiology and knowledge of their acting in different breeds and environments.

Aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos do osteossarcoma canino

Osteosarcoma is the primary osseous neoplasia frequently diagnosed in dogs and it’s the main answerable for more than 85% of the neoplasias origened from the skeleton. The average age of onset of the lesion is 7 years, especially in large breeds and giant, with males being more affected than females. In general, 75% of osteosarcomas develop in the appendicular skeleton and 25% in the axial. The forelimbs are more affected than the hindlimbs, since support 60% of body weight. The osteosarcoma diagnosis is made by the analys of the animal’s clinic historic, detailed physique exams, blood exams alkaline phosphatase, xray exams, cytology, biopsy. The treatment of choice is the amputation associated to the chemotherapy. However, in some cases the member is preserved by the allograft technic. The chemotherapy associated to the surgery reduces the total load of the tumor, lengthens the interval of the life and improves the quality of pacient’s life. The most used medicines are cisplatin and doxorubicin. They can be used in separated or associated ways. The prognostic of dogs with osteosarcoma is reserved

Controle e estimulação de crescimento folicular em doadoras da raça holandesa para a produção in vitro de embriões

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Ocorrência de opacidade de cápsula posterior em cães pós-facoemulsificação, com ou sem a utilização de lente intraocular dobrável e efeitos do Nd: Yag Laser

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Retrospecto de lesões radiológicas da cabeça de cães e gatos

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato MCT1 e sua proteína auxiliar CD 147 em hemácias de equinos de salto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alterações clínicas e laboratoriais de equinos submetidos à biópsia hepática com agulha Tru-cut guiada por ultrassom

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeito do 1,3/1,6 beta-glucano no sistema imune de cadelas submetidas a ovário-histerectomia

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Prostaglandina E2 em cães portadores de linfoma multicêntrico submetidos ao protocolo quimioterápico de Madison-Wisconsin associado ou não a um inibidor de COX-2

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Female paraurethral prostate gland in Bitches

Even though the presence of the female prostate has been reported in many species, including humans, bats and several rodents, it has many anatomical and histological variations. There is still plentiful discussion on the biological function of this organ. Many authors state that paraurethral ducts and glands are functional and homologous to the male prostate. The use of experimental models and a better knowledge of the female prostate gland in other species, can be useful to veterinary medicine as well as human medicine. Therefore the aim of this study is to check for the presence of this gland in female dogs of various breeds and age. For that purpose 25 urethras, from the bladder to the vulva, were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed and sectioned into 4 slides of 4 µm, each with 40 µm gap between each set of 4 slides, using an automatic microtome and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosine (HE). The HE sections were evaluated for the presence of prostatic gland in the sample. Unstained tissue sections cut from paraffin blocks were marked with a polyclonal anti-PSA primary antibody. The prevalence of the gland was 32% (8/25). The structure of the paraurethral PSA-positive gland was acinar, organized in buds, with secretory epithelium varying from cubic to columnar; eccentric nuclei, with lose chromatin and a layer of basal cells, very similar to the male prostate were observed. In view of these characteristics, for the first time in the literature, was demonstrate that those glands. may be considered as female prostate in dogs, as they are in other vertebrates