Métodos diagnósticos para detecção da Leucemia viral felina

The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was described in 1964 by William Jarrett and collaborators wen find viral particles attached to the membrane of lymphoblasts in cat with lymphoma. The virus belongs to the family Retroviridae, subfamily oncornavirus. With worldwide distribution, the occurrence of FeLV has 1.6% in healthy cats and 10.8% in sick cats in Brazil. The mortality of persistently viremic animals in catteries is about 50% in two years and 80% in three years. In catteries that have endemic feline Coronavirus (FCoV), FeLV and / or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), the FeLV infection has greater contribution to mortality. The test for infection and FeLV positive cats segregation is the main way to prevent the spread of infection. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical signs and changes compatible with FeLV infection observed by physical examination, complete blood count, X-ray, bone marrow aspirate and biochemical. The viral p27 protein is produced in infected cells in high amounts and is found in abundance in the cytoplasm and in body fluids enabling diagnosed methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA and direct immunofluorescence, detection of viral genome (Chain Reaction Polymerase - PCR) and detection of the virus by virus isolation. Although diagnostic tests are highly sensitive, it should be made more than a confirmatory test, especially serological due to variable characteristic of the progress of infection

Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva do extrato hidroalcoólico de Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC

Inflammation is an immune complex-related tissue damage and / or cell caused by chemical, physical, immunological or microbial. The inflammatory process involves a complex cascade of biochemical and cellular events, including awareness and receptor activation, lysis and tissue repair. In general, tissue damage trigger a local inflammatory response by recruiting leukocytes, which release inflammatory mediators. These substances are able to sensitize nociceptors. After synaptic transmission and signal modulation by nociceptive sensory neurons, these signals are perceived as pain. Pain is an experience that involves multiple factors. The route of the supraspinal pain control originates in many brain regions, such as substance periarquedutal gray (PAG), median raphe nucleus and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and have a critical role in determining the chronic and acute pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to control inflammation, which inhibit the inflammatory mediators, but can cause side effects such as stomach ulcers and cardiovascular damage. An alternative for the treatment of pain and inflammation is the use of plant species. The genus Eugenia belongs to the family Myrtaceae, one of the largest botanical families of expression in the Brazilian ecosystems. From the pharmacological point of view, studies of similar species crude extracts showed the presence of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, hypotensive, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of some species. As a class of importance in therapeutic phytochemical, the flavonoids has represented an important group with significant anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective, and are present in a significant way in the chemical composition of genus Eugenia. The project´s overall objective is to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Eugenia punicifolia (EHEP). In this work we performed acute toxicity ...

Acupuntura no tratamento de discopatias intervertebrais em cães

The intervertebral disc disease is considered a major neurological disorder involving the spinal cord, being a disease commonly seen in dogs in clinical practice of small animals. The pathophysiology of most discopathies have not been fully elucidated, but it is known that the symptoms observed will depend on the severity of spinal cord compression and location of spinal injury, ranging from localized pain to complete paralysis. Through a detailed clinical examination and laboratory tests, we choose the most appropriate treatment for each patient, which can be conservative, through the use of anti-inflammatories, analgesics and acupuncture or surgical, through decompression techniques. Acupuncture, therapeutic method of ancient Chinese medicine, uses the stimulation of specific points on the body in order to balance the body's physiological. The action mechanism of acupuncture in discopathies has not been fully elucidated, but its analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory and restoration of sensory and motor function are known, showing results as good as surgical therapy

Órtese de tornozelo: efeito sobre a razão de pico torque muscular eversor excêntrico/inversor concêntrico do tornozelo durante simulação do basquetebol

The ankle sprains represent the most common injuries in sports and basketball. In this sense, the use of ankle bracing and strength capacity analysis of the ankle evertor and invertor muscles, have been suggested as preventive measures and important tools for identifying risk factors associated with ankle sprains. However, questions still persist as to effect of the use ankle bracing on biomechanical variables related to the stability of the ankle. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the effect of the use of ankle bracing on peak torque (PT) of ankle evertor and invertor muscles and on eccentric evertor/concentric invertor torque ratio (EVEECC/INVCON), during the basketball match-play simulation. Ten healthy college basketball players, without mechanics or functional ankle instability performed a laboratory-based protocol representative of work rates observed during basketball match-play, in two different situations, with and without use of ankle bracing. The test was composed of a succession of intermittent physical effort equally distributed in four periods of 10 minutes each, considering the mechanical and physiological demands of a basketball match-play. Prior to the start of the trial (Evaluation 1) and after 2° (Evaluation 2) and 4° (Evaluation 3) periods, the subjects performed five maximal isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions of ankle invertor and evertor muscles, separated by two minutes rest, at 60 °/s and 120 °/s. After testing for normality of data distribution with the Shapiro-Wilk test, was used the ANOVA repeated measures for two factors and post-hoc Bonferroni test for comparison of variables between assessments. Was adopted p < 0.05. There was no significant difference for PT and EVEECC/INVCON torque ratio between assessments. There was a decrease in PT EVEECC at 60º/s and 120º/s for the ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Exposição ambiental ao chumbo: um problema de áreas contaminadas próximas a fábricas de baterias

The concentration of metal pollutants such as lead (Pb), has grown and developed in populated areas due to pollution and other human activities. Consequently, the potential for achieve this element food chain has also increased. Lead is very toxic to humans, especially to children, and exposure to lead can cause adverse health effects mainly on human nervous system, bone marrow and kidneys, interfering with chromosomal or genetic processes. This paper presents an overview of the main aspects related to environmental contamination by lead from battery plants. The assessment of an area contaminated by lead in Bauru-SP next a battery factory was reported in this work as well as the entire history of monitoring, classification and application of processes applied by CETESB since 2002. Analyzing the issue in its economic aspects, we found that the degradation of the environment is directly related to the development model adopted by the capitalist system, which is based on the law of supply and demand for products and services. The data presented indicate that Brazil still needs a broader policy where government agencies, industries and population through awareness can be united for the same purpose: to preserve life

Potencial antimutagênico e antigenotóxico de compostos isolados da plana Casearia sylvestris em camundongos tratados com compostos orgânicos extraídos da biomassa de quima de cana-de-açucar

Compostos orgânicos extraídos da biomassa de queima de cana-de-açúcar têm ação genotóxica sobre os organismos vivos, contribuindo para mutagenicidade celular e desenvolvimento do câncer. Extratos vegetais vêm sendo estudados para avaliar sua capacidade de modificar a atividade de agentes mutagênicos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o eventual efeito antimutagênico e antigenotóxico do extrato etanólico da planta Casearia sylvestris e de uma substância pura isolada (Casearina U), frente efeito mutagênico e genotóxico de compostos orgânicos extraídos do particulado de queima de cana-de-açúcar. Durante 15 dias camundongos dos grupos teste (n=10) foram tratados com extrato etanólico de C. sylvestris nas concentrações de 0,13; 0,25 e 0,5 mg/mL (3,9; 7,5 e 15 mg/kg) ou com Casearina U nas concentrações de 0,01; 0,02 e 0,04 mg/mL (0,3; 0,6 e 1,2 mg/kg) através de gavagem, administrando posteriormente compostos orgânicos extraídos do particulado de queima de cana-de-açúcar (0,3mg/mL) por via intraperitoneal. Foi utilizado também o grupo controle negativo (tratado com água por gavagem e salina intraperitoneal), controle positivo (água por gavagem e ciclofosfamida 50mg/kg) e controle de poluente (água por gavagem e particulado de queima de cana-de-açúcar via intraperitoneal). Foi realizado teste do micronúcleo em eritrócitos policromáticos de medula óssea de camundongo para avaliação do efeito antimutagênico do extrato etanólico de C. sylvestris e da Casearina U. O extrato etanólico de C. sylvestris demonstrou efeito protetor antimutagênico nas concentrações de 3,9 mg/kg (p<0,01), 7,5 mg/kg (p<0,01) e 15,0 mg/kg (p<0,05), com as respectivas porcentagens de inibição de 81,25, 80,47 e 60,94%. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre as quantidades de eritrócitos policromáticos e normocromáticos, indicando que a redução do número ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Anatomia de folhas e escapos de espécies brasileiras de Rapateeae (Rapateoideae - Rapateaceae)

Estudou-se a anatomia de Spathanthus, Rapatea, Cephalostemon e Duckea pertencentes à tribo Rapateeae (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae), buscando levantar caracteres úteis para a taxonomia. Todas as espécies estudadas apresentam células epidérmicas com a parede periclinal externa levemente espessada e feixes de fibras subepidérmicos em ambos os órgãos; feixes vasculares na região mediana da folha, com bainha de fibras conspícua no floema; e escapos com idioblastos contendo compostos fenólicos na epiderme e no parênquima, que são características que suportam a tribo. O formato do escapo em secção transversal diferencia os gêneros, enquanto a forma e estrutura da nervura central do limbo foliar tem valor diagnóstico. São características exclusivas de Spathanthus: células epidérmicas com corpos silicosos com distribuição aleatória e parênquima clorofiliano plicado no limbo foliar; e presença de feixes de fibras no mesofilo e no parênquima do escapo. Spathanthus distingue-se também pelo número, tipo e distribuição dos feixes vasculares no escapo. O gênero Rapatea caracteriza-se pela presença de estômatos e células com corpos silicosos apenas na epiderme abaxial das folhas e pela presença de parênquima clorofiliano braciforme no limbo foliar. Rapatea paludosa distingue-se por apresentar folha com extensão da bainha dos feixes vasculares em ambas as faces da epiderme e escapos com alas desiguais, enquanto Rapatea ulei apresenta escapos com alas do mesmo tamanho e tricomas contendo compostos fenólicos. São caracteres com valor diagnóstico para Cephalostemon riedelianus: células epidérmicas com paredes retas em vista frontal e escapo com córtex definido, cordões esclerenquimáticos subepidérmicos voltados aos feixes vasculares maiores e medula fistulosa

Espondilomielopatia cervical caudal em cães: diagnóstico por imagem

The Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, also known as “Wobbler syndrome” is a neurological disorder that affects mainly breeds of large and giant size, especially Doberman pinsher and Great danes. Its aetiology is multifactorial and leads to a narrowing of the spinal canal by morphological and positional caudal cervical vertebrae (C5, C6 and C7), causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The clinical signs presented by the affected animals are progressive ataxia of hindlimbs and, later, the forelimbs, sometimes progressing to tetraparesis. Neck pain may be present. The diagnosis is made through the association of clinical signs and diagnostic imaging such as radiography, myelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. According to the classification of the lesion obtained by imaging examinations, the conservative or surgical treatment is established and the prognosis is variable in accordance with the degree of affection of the spinal cord

Análise da expressão de antígenos câncer/testítulo (CTs) em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo

O mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma neoplasia maligna secundária à expansão clonal de células plasmáticas caracterizada pela presença de imunoglobulina monoclonal no sangue e/ou na urina, lesões líticas ósseas e infiltração de plasmócitos monoclonais na medula óssea. A caracterização dos mecanismos responsáveis pela expansão das células tumorais do MM é difícil e envolve uma série de alterações genéticas e mudanças no microambiente da medula óssea, favorecendo o crescimento do tumor e a falha do sistema imune em reconhecê-lo. O MM é uma doença incurável, sendo a sobrevida mediana dos pacientes em torno de 3-5 anos. Terapias atuais como quimioterapia e transplante autólogo de células-tronco podem induzir remissão da doença, mas a recaída e a morte são inevitáveis. Os antígenos específicos câncer/testículo (CTs) foram originalmente descritos em pacientes com melanoma e são assim denominados, pois suas proteínas foram identificadas em espermatogônias, células conhecidas por não expressarem antígenos de histocompatibilidade (HLA), o que as impossibilita de desencadear uma resposta imune específica. Esses antígenos foram identificados posteriormente em vários tipos de tumores humanos, como melanoma, carcinoma pulmonar, câncer renal, entre outros. Até o momento, existem poucas informações a respeito de sua importância como fatores de prognóstico clínico ou relacionado à proliferação aberrante das células plasmáticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de expressão gênica dos antígenos câncer/testículo MAGEC1(CT7), MAGEA3/6, LAGE-1, NY-ESO-1 e GAGE em amostras de aspirado de medula óssea total de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo. A análise de expressão por RT-PCR dos 5 CTs de interesse, realizada em 21 amostras de medula total de pacientes com MM, demonstrou as seguintes freqüências: CT7 (42,9%), LAGE-1 (23,8%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Marcadores de superfície de Células-tronco: estudo de reação cruzada inter-espécies

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells with fibroblastoid morphology and adherent to plastic. Furthermore, they can be obtained from different sources. Besides bone marrow, these cells are taken from umbilical cord blood, umbilical vein, saphenous vein, peripheral blood, arteries, liver and fetal pancreas, placenta, dental pulp and adipose tissue. MSCs derived from adipose tissue are important because of the abundant number of cells that can be obtained from this tissue, easy access and little discomfort to the patient. This study compared two techniques for obtaining MSCs from adipose tissue: mechanical dissociation (MD) and enzymatic digestion (ED). We also analyzed the inter-species cross-reactions using commercial monoclonal antibodies directed against surface antigens of stem cells from different species: mouse, horse, rabbit, monkey and human. We found that MD technique is favorable in relation to ED within 15 days of culture, and ED is more efficient in the first days of culture. The data also showed that MD causes less damage to cellular DNA. About inter-species cross-reactions, the monoclonal antibody A69 directed against stem cells from rabbits, which can be used in veterinary medicine, particularly in research involving horses

Avaliação da indução de apoptose pela desintegrina recombinante DisBa-01 em macrófagos e células tumorais

O câncer é causado pela proliferação descontrolada de células, demonstrando uma capacidade coletiva de invasão e metástase. Durante a metástase, as células malignas precisam resistir a anoikis, uma apoptose celular gerada por falta de adesão. No câncer, as integrinas influenciam as células do hospedeiro associadas ao tumor bem como as próprias células tumorais, tendo o potencial de modular a progressão tumoral, a sobrevivência celular, a invasão e a metástase. A integrina αvβ3 é expressa em diversos tumores humanos, mas está em níveis muito reduzidos ou mesmo ausente nos tecidos normais, sendo considerada um alvo privilegiado na terapia anti-tumoral. Células derivadas da medula óssea, como o monócito/macrófago, também expressam esta integrina, ainda que em níveis reduzidos. A desintegrina recombinante DisBa-01 atua principalmente sobre as integrinas αvβ3 e αIIbβ3, e parece possuir a capacidade de inibir a adesão celular de linhagens possuindo a integrina αvβ3 à vitronectina. Sendo assim, observou-se a apoptose que pode ser gerada pela inibição da adesão celular ou pela própria presença da desintegrina, um antagonista de integrina que afeta a adesão celular, em linhagem neoplásica e em linhagem imortalizada de macrófagos, utilizando os métodos de marcação com anexina V e técnica de TUNEL, bem como a presença de células viáveis através da técnica de MTT. As linhagens celulares utilizadas nesse experimento foram expostas a desintegrina DisBa-01 por 24 horas para realização dos testes e as populações celulares aderentes e não aderentes foram analisadas separadamente. Verificou-se uma diminuição na viabilidade celular quando ocorre perda de adesão e na presença da proteína, mas foi observado um resultado não significativo para a ocorrência de apoptose. A desintegrina DisBa-01 ocasiona uma diminuição na viabilidade celular, entretanto parece não ser por apoptose gerando anoikis

Efeitos de uma partida sobre o pico de torque funcional e convencional nos músculos isquiotibiais e quadríceps de jogadores de futebol de salão com e sem desequilíbrio muscular

Introdução – Uma das causas mais prováveis de lesões esportivas está relacionada aos desequilíbrios musculares e a fadiga muscular, que é evidenciada no decorrer de um jogo de futebol, principalmente no final do jogo. Esta pode ser avaliada através da comparação da força de contração máxima antes e após o exercício. A fadiga produzida durante o jogo diminui a força muscular concêntrica e excêntrica de flexores e extensores do joelho podendo aumentar a incidência de lesões. Objetivo - Avaliar o efeito de uma partida sobre o pico de torque funcional e convencional nos músculos isquiotibiais e quadríceps de jogadores de futebol de salão com e sem desequilíbrio muscular. Método – Oito jogadores de futebol de salão do gênero masculino, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, fizeram três visitas ao laboratório: 1ª foram realizadas a antropometria e adaptação aos equipamentos; 2ª teste máximo no dinamômetro isocinético para determinar a razão do pico de torque funcional e convencional nos músculos isquiotibiais e quadríceps; 3ª idem ao 2ª, após a partida de futebol de salão. Análise estatística – através das médias ± DP dos dados obtidos foi utilizado o teste t para amostras dependentes e o Mann Whitney para comparação do pico de torque antes e após a partida de futebol de salão e para comparação da relação flexor/extensor pré e pós- esforço, respectivamente. Em ambos os testes foram adotado um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados - Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre os grupos de atletas com desequilíbrio muscular na perna dominante (GD) e grupo equilíbrio (GE) e para os extensores e flexores do GD e GE nas condições Con60. Através do Mann Whitney foram encontradas diferenças...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise ergonômica de equipamentos odontológicos

This is study proposes to evaluate the ergonomic aspects of dental equipments. Based on the characteristics proposed by ISO/FDI, on the existing literature and related researches an evaluating system was devised. Thirty nine dental clinics were examined using the 165 pointssystem proposed, distributed in 12 criteria. None of the dental clinics examined showed a bad ergonomics level, 41% were good and 59% reached excellent levels. The point-supported evaluation system proposed is effective in the analysis of the ergonomic conditions of dental equipments, allowing a quantification of their characteristics. Using this system, the dentist can also know the level of ergonomic satisfaction existing in his equipment, and identify the conditions to be improved. It was concluded that the equipment belonging to dental workplaces evaluated had excellent level of compliance, however corrective measures are needed since even the presence of a few non-conforming items is a sufficient condition to cause injury to users, decreased efficiency and comfort and loss quality of service

Proposta de conector para ensaios de ligações CDE submetidas à tração perpendicular as fibras em madeira de pinus

The growth of urban population associated with the shortage of supply of public infrastructure such as hospitals, kindergartens, schools, among others, has reinforced the need to develop alternative methods that simplify the construction processes and allows for a reduction in these costs works. The conventional processes have increasingly been shown ineffective to solve the problem of demand for different types of urban and rural buildings. Given this fact, industrial construction processes can gain space and have proven to be highly interesting to solve the above problems, in particular, considering the cost-effective and time. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of moisture on the strength of metal plate connections connectors (printed plate with teeth). For the sizing of the links between structural lumber using metal connectors with teeth prints; controlled process variables (drying of the wood and the different moisture contents), and finally found results and compare them with different literatures order to obtain a qualitative efficiency of the process. Some specimens had very low expectations, can be explained by the presence of bone marrow, and pre-existing cracks. Thus, the results were discarded for further analysis and more accurate results

Diferenciação miogênica “in vitro” de células tronco mesenquimais murinas de diferentes origens

Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 genetical disorders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscle. No effective therapy is available at present. Recent studies have reported that the transplantation of stem cells can offer an important potential therapy for genetic diseases. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as a nonhematopoietic stem cell population capable of self-renewal with the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages, including bone, fat, cartilage and connective tissue. Because of their similarity with muscle progenitor cells, when they are injected in affected individuals, they are able to migrate into areas of skeletal muscle degeneration and participate in the regeneration process. The adipose tissue represents an alternative source of MSCs that, as the MSCs derived from bone marrow, are capable of in vitro differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The objective of this project is to investigate the “in vitro” myogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from murine bone marrow and adipose tissue. Four experimental groups were analyzed: mice from lineages Lama2dy-2J/J and C57black and, C2C12 lineage cells and transformed C2C12 expressing the eGFP protein. MSCs cultures were obtained by flushing the bone marrow femurs and tibials with α-MEM or by the subcutaneous and inguinal fat from the mice. Their characterization was done by flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation. Muscle differentiation was studied through the analysis of the expression of transcriptional factors involved in muscle differentiation and/or the presence and amount of specific proteins from muscle differentiated cell. The pluripotency from bone marrow MSCs of the two lineages was evidenced and, in the muscular differentiation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)