An��lise da varia����o da vaz��o e da concentração do metano presentes nos gases gerados no aterro sanit��rio de Rio Claro - SP

The study of the generation of landfill gas contributes to the understanding of the relationship between gas production and other parameters, such as time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) and, thus, can subsidize the viability study for energy. This study aims to evaluate the interference of the time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) in the production and composition of biogas generated at the landfill in Rio Claro - SP. As a result it was observed that for the landfill studied, the average percentage of methane in biogas ranged from 49.9% to 54.7%. It was found that moisture (rainfall) and the time of waste disposal are parameters which do not cause significant changes in methane concentration in biogas. However, when analyzed the flow of biogas, which had the maximum average value of 152.86m3/h and minimum average value of 15.47m3/h was observed great interference of moisture (rainfall) and the time of disposal of waste, because well of gas located in newer areas of the landfill showed higher values of flow rate than the areas where the landfill was the beginning of the arrangement. The same way, it was observed that in the dry season flow of biogas decreased in all drains gas analyzed

P��s-processamento de formas de ondas oriundas de descargas atmosf��ricas no Centro de Estudos de Descargas Atmosf��ricas e Alta Tensão (CENDAT) ��� IEE/USP

Atmospheric Discharges are responsible for several lost in the electrical system therefore it��s done studies to find ways to reduce the problem caused by discharges. This branch of engineering is necessary the gathering, stock and analysis of large quantity of data to validate or refuse the many studies produced about it The CENDAT proposed a project to collect data on induced voltages in distribution lines and current waveform of the lightning, but a difficulty that arose was the accumulation of data due to lack of manpower available to catalog all the data collected. Thinking in this difficulty, the engineer Acacio Silva Neto CENDAT��s researcher with trainees began to develop a program to solve this problem. This work keeps the development of this program in order to solve the problem of accumulation of data

Efeito do treinamento f��sico aer��bio sobre a concentração plasm��tica de super��xido dismutase em mulheres no climat��rio

No per��odo da menopausa, a incid��ncia de doen��as cardiovasculares em mulheres �� equivalente a dos homens, e assim os gastos p��blicos com sa��de nesta popula����o em particular, aumentam significativamente, uma vez que as mulheres possuem maior longevidade se comparadas aos homens. Os mecanismos celulares e/ou moleculares pelos quais ocorre maior incid��ncia de hipertensão arterial em mulheres ap��s a menopausa ainda n��o s��o claros. Uma variedade de fatores parece contribuir para a eleva����o de press��o arterial na menopausa, entre eles destacam-se a defici��ncia de estrog��nio, o aumento do estresse oxidativo, a disfun����o endotelial, a eleva����o da atividade do sistema renina-angiotensina, a eleva����o nos n��veis plasm��ticos de testosterona, as altera����es no perfil lip��dico e o aumento no ganho de peso. Trabalhos pr��vios mostram que os efeitos ben��ficos do exerc��cio f��sico sobre o sistema cardiovascular est��o relacionados a maior produ����o de ��xido n��trico e/ou sua biodisponibilidade para o m��sculo liso vascular. Este ��ltimo mecanismo tem sido relacionado com eleva����o da atividade da enzima antioxidante super��xido dismutase (SOD), que representa um importante mecanismo de defesa celular contra a forma����o de radicais livres. Objetivo: avaliar os n��veis plasm��ticos da enzima super��xido dismutase em resposta a um programa de treinamento f��sico aer��bio por 8 semanas realizado em mulheres no climat��rio. M��todos: A amostra foi constitu��da por 31 mulheres normotensas (49,3��1,2 anos) e 15 hipertensas (52,2��1,6 anos) todas diagnosticadas no per��odo do climat��rio e sedent��rias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Avalia����o da influ��ncia do estresse em modelo experimental de colite por administra����o de ��cido Trinitrobenzenosulf��nico (TNBS) em concentração subinflamat��ria

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing disease caused by exaggerated response of the immune system. It represents a significant health problem by limiting the quality of life and being the main risk factor for colorectal cancer. Despite of its importance, the high worldwide incidence and being the object of research for several decades, the etiology remains unknown. Studies indicates an interaction between genetic and environmental factors which together with the intestinal microbiota, leads to an uncontrolled immune response. One of the aggravating environmental factors often discussed is stress, as the daily life of the population in general is increasingly rushed. In order to demonstrate the influence of stress on IBD, this study aimed to standardize an experimental model of colitis induced by instillation of a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) noninflammatory concentration plus exposure to stress that intensify the inflammation. Therefore, an experiment was done to determine what would be the noninflammatory concentration. In this step, four different concentrations of TNBS (1, 6, 12.5 or 40mg/ml) were tested and the lowest concentration capable of inducing a noninflammatory response in the gut was defined as 1 mg/ml. Then, a second experiment was performed which induced colitis and exposed the animals to restraint stress. The results, however, showed that this stimulus was not enough to exacerbate the damage caused by the 1 mg/ml concentration of TNBS in the colon. With some changes in the protocol, the third experiment associated cold and restraint, as well as changes on the day of euthanasia, which occurred immediately after the stress session. The results of myeloperoxidase activity measurement were unexpected due to the noninflammatory concentration of TNBS caused an intestinal inflammation similar to the concentration of 40 mg/ml. However, the results of glutathione quantification and the corticosterone ...

Avalia����o do tempo e da concentração do condicionamento com ��cido fluor��drico sobre a resist��ncia de uni��o entre cer��mica e cimento resinoso

The aim of this study was to verify through microtensile test the influence of time and concentration of surface conditioning with hydrofluoric acid and its interference in the adhesion of dual resin cement to porcelain.We used 32 bodies of glass-ceramic lithium disilicate system IPS e.max Press LT with dimensions of 6mm thick, 8 mm in length and 8 mm in length, which will be molded to obtain composite resin blocks corresponding to blocks ceramics. Ceramic and resin blocks were divided into 16 groups (n = 4) and numbered according to the concentration of hydrofluoric acid (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) and conditioning time (20 seconds, 40 seconds, 1 minute and 2 minutes). The blocks were cleaned in ultrasonic apparatus with distilled water and dried with compressed air, subjected to acid etching and air-jet washed with water, dried with compressed air and received application of silane agent Monobond-S, followed by adhesive Excite ( Ivoclar Vivaden). Each ceramic block was bonded to the corresponding block of resin through the resin cement Multilink Automix. The specimens were cut to obtain nine micro samples for each set of ceramic-resin with 1 mm X 1 mm X 12 mm in length, which were submitted to microtensile test. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with significance level of 5%, revealing that there were statistically significant (p = 0.000001 <0.05). From the Tukey test can be concluded that etching with hydrofluoric acid and 2.5% for 120 seconds gave the best bond strength, however, no statistical difference between the conditioning with the same acid in the concentration of 5.0% for 20 to 40 seconds

Efeito da concentração citost��tica de 5-fluorouracil sobre a imunogenicidade de c��lulas de c��ncer colorretal murino MC-38

A quimioterapia �� o tratamento padr��o para pacientes com os mais variados tipos de c��ncer, (sendo o 5 Fluorouracil -5Fu- a droga de escolha no caso do c��ncer colorretal) mas ela est�� associada a efeitos colaterais que podem ser muito severos. A exposi����o de c��lulas tumorais a agentes antineopl��sicos, em dose baixa e n��o citot��xica, pode torn��-las mais imunog��nicas, enquanto que a exposi����o de c��lulas dendr��ticas (DC) a esses agentes antineopl��sicos pode aumentar sua capacidade de induzir resposta antitumoral in vitro. O objetivo deste estudo �� verificar se o tratamento in vitro de c��lulas tumorais MC38 com 5-Fu (dose n��o citot��xica) pode induzir a express��o de mol��culas que aumentem suas caracter��sticas imunog��nicas, fazendo com que elas sejam mais facilmente identificadas pelo sistema imune. Para isso, camundongos da linhagem C57/Bl-6 foram inoculados subcutaneamente com c��lulas MC38 e sete dias depois foram vacinados com DC sensibilizadas com ant��genos tumorais obtidos a partir da lise de c��lulas MC38 mantidas em cultura e previamente tratadas com 5-Fu, em dose n��o citot��xica (DC-5Fu), para que a performance das DC sensibilizadas pudesse ser comparada �� performance das DC selvagens

Estudo de melhorias dos pain��is de baixa tensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguet�� - UNESP

The protection and distribution systems for the electrics equipments are really important for the safety of products, process and final users, for an enterprise or even for a residence. For that, it���s necessary the utilization of low voltage switchboards for controlling the feeding of a charge, avoiding any kind of abnormality that can eventually occur. It���s necessary to pay attention in the cubicles conditions, and always verify if they are in accordance to the norms of the product, verifying also any kind of physical damage for the operator and/or users. In this line, the present graduation work analyses the low voltage switchboards in the college, checking if they are attending the actual standards, suggesting some improvements and later making a simulation of the creation of a new panel that reach all the needing in substitution of this actual, through the software Simaris. Using the research and lecture of norms and regulations for verifying the problems, this way we could register the greatest acting failures. These actions are made for becoming aware to the university about the danger in using electrics equipments without a minimum degree of protection, allowed by the law, and attempting to the urgency in changing this fails

Desenvolvimento de um anteprojeto de um sistema de digitaliza����o da prote����o e controle aplicada a uma subesta����o el��trica industrial de alta tensão

The proposed of scanning of an electrical industrial substation HV is associated with a segment of the Electrotechnical area and aims the study and preliminary application of digital technologies in the protection, control, measurement and automation maneuvers aimed at a Industrial Electrical System typical High Voltage. Well intended to supervision, protection and control of major electrical and thermal quantities involved in a substation, such as voltage levels, current, temperature, power factor, loads of transformers and circuit feeders, status of interlocking devices, switching equipment maneuvers, etc

Tratamento da superf��cie do alum��nio via eletr��lise a plasma

This paper presents the study on the application of the electrolytic plasma for surface treatment of aluminum. A bibliographical study on the material of interest was preliminarily performed and later designed and built an electrolytic cell, including the excitation source. Unlike conventional electrolysis process, the plasma assisted carry on in the non-linear region of characteristic current/voltage curve. Therefore it requires for the on set of the process that the power supply operates on harder conditions than those on high current process. The plasma produced during the present investigation has temperatures in the range o 6,0.10 3 -7,0 .10 3 K, well above those found in conventional chemical process. It also shows a particular dynamic to promote changes on surface and to produce new materials. The plasma is generated by microdischarge in vapor or gas bubbles involved in physic-chemical processes in electrode regions of the electrolytic cell. The electrode material was the aluminum (7075). The Process Electrolytic Plasma Processing (EPP) is sensitive to various parameters such as operating voltage, current density, electrolyte, concentration of electrolyte, geometry of reactor, temperature of electrolytic solution and dynamic of the fluid in the cell. The experiments were carried on in order to find parameters for a stable abd steady operation. The choice for the electrolytic was silicate/alkali solution in various concentrations to operate in various voltage as well. Plasma was produced on negative (cathode) and positive (anode) electrode, in specific conditions. A stable operation on the cathode process was obtained with low concentration of the electrolytic in aqueous solution, current density around 250V effective voltage. For the evolution of plasma in anodic process it was required higher concentrations and higher... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Investiga����o do tratamento de ��gua de m��quina de lavar roupa empregando reator biol��gico, em escala piloto, visando redu����o da concentração de f��sforo para re��so n��o pot��vel

This research aims at the study of treatment of clothes washing water through biological treatment, for the purpose of evaluating the reduction of phosphorus to make it suitable for a posterior treatment of physical-chemical. For this purpose it was employed a sequencing batch reactor, consisting of aerobic and anaerobic phases. During the project it was verified not only the reduction of phosphorus (removal of 30 to 50%) but also the reduction of BOD, COD, Turbidity and Nitrate (removal of 38 to 36%, 34 to 41%, 72,3 to 75% and 57,8 to 60% respectively), which demonstrates that the proposed treatment can assist advanced treatments of water for its non potable reuse

Uso das t��cnicas de difus��o em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) para avalia����o de metais disponibilizados em passivos de minera����o de Ur��nio

The objective of this work is to use the technique of diffusion by concentration gradient films (DGT) for evaluation of dissolved urano in hydro bodies. For this we chose this work as a systems investigation of water bodies in the region of Po��os de Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, because, there is a large amount of mining of uranila. The technique to be used to evaluate the potential for dissolved metals analysis involves the use of passive samplers with application in in situ. This allows detection with excellent sensitivity and selectivity allowing the determination of the labile fraction of dissolved metals

Determina����o de complexos de ur��nio em solo usando a t��cnica de difus��o em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

This paper proposes to assess the lability of complexes of uranium in soil using the technique of Diffusion in Thin Films by concentration gradients (DGT) in the vicinity the Osamu Utsumi mine, located in the municipality of Caldas - MG. The technique is based on the 1�� Fick Law, where metal complexes diffuse through a gel, which in turn is adsorbed on a resin. The metals adsorbed are recovered by an analytical technique and quantified by optical emission spectrometer with plasma inductively coupled (ICP-OES) or mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS)

Determina����o de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em ��guas marinhas oriundas da Bacia Potiguar utilizando a t��cnica de difus��o em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R��=0.9586, R: R��=0.9444), Ni (D: R��=0.9789, R: R��=0.9286) and Cu (D: R��=0.764, R: R��=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R��=0.9228) and Cd (R��=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

Estudo da concentração de material particulado em ambientes internos e externos de bibliotecas

Our twenty-first century society and the rhythm of life and work we have to face in our daily routine compel us to spend most of our lifetime in closed environments, in our houses, educational institutions, hospitals, airports, amongst as many others. The study of the air quality in internal environments (IAQ) is very important for monitoring people���s health effects and their environmental comfort in these locations. One essential parameter to analyze this measure is to evaluate the concentration of dispersed particulates in the air, specially focusing on those thinner particles (below the diameter of 2,5 ��m), they can pose serious risks for human being because they can remain in the lungs, penetrate through the pores of our skin, amongst other harmful effects on human���s health. In this work the air quality inside the public library Prof�� Josina Vasques Ferrari and at Unesp public state library was evaluated, both located in Itapeva, as well as a third one, inside the Communitarian Library of the Federal University in Carlos (UFSCar) from march to may in 2012. In those environments it was analyzed if the concentration of particulates pose any real treat to the users. The equipment used for particle sampling in real time was DataRam 4 (Model DR 4000). The results given for those concentrations of particulates in both internal and external environments revealed figures within the safe standard established by the WHO (World Health Organization), from 25 to ��g/m��, the only exception occurred on the fifth floor of the UFSCar library, where the average for concentration stayed at 25,30 of ��g/m��

Avalia����o de concentração de citocinas no soro de pacientes portadoras de les��o intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau, les��o intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau e carcinoma cervical invasor

A infec����o genital por Papilomav��rus Humano (HPV) �� uma das doen��as sexualmente transmiss��veis (DST), de origem viral, mais prevalente no mundo. As les��es intraepiteliais escamosas de baixo grau (LIEBG) e de alto grau (LIEAG), assim como carcinoma cervical invasor (CCI), est��o associadas �� presen��a do HPV. A resposta imune tem papel importante na infec����o pelo HPV na c��rvice uterina, sendo as citocinas importantes reguladoras da transcri����o viral. Avaliar a concentração de IL-1��, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-�� e TNF-�� no soro de mulheres portadoras de LIEBG, LIEAG e CCI. Foram inclu��das no estudo 40 mulheres com diagn��stico histopatol��gico de LIEBG (n=11), LIEAG (n=10), CCI (n=10) e 9 mulheres com suspeita de doen��a HPV induzida, mas sem altera����es histopatol��gicas na bi��psia do colo do ��tero (controle), atendidas no Ambulat��rio de Colposcopia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP) e no Ambulat��rio de Ginecologia Preventiva do Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Ja��, SP. O sangue perif��rico foi colhido por pun����o venosa e o soro armazenado at�� o processamento. A dosagem das citocinas no soro foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzim��tico (ELISA). A pesquisa de HPV foi realizada empregando-se a t��cnica da rea����o em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os dados s��cio-demogr��ficos foram obtidos por entrevista no momento da consulta ginecol��gica. A mediana de idade das pacientes do grupo controle, LIEBG, LIEAG, e CCI foi de 38 (21-69), 32,5 (17-51), 39 (23-65) e 51,5 (29-72), respectivamente. Houve diferen��a estatisticamente significante de mediana de idade das pacientes do grupo CCI quando esta foi comparada com os demais grupos. Em rela����o ��s caracter��sticas das pacientes, 76% eram brancas, 68% relataram uni��o est��vel, 31% conclu��ram o 2�� grau, 42% eram fumantes, 37% das mulheres relataram 3 ou mais parceiros sexuais durante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)