Demanda energética na colheita, degradabilidade e digestibilidade da silagem de híbridos de milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Parâmetros ruminais e produtivos de cabras alimentadas com cana-de-acúcar e ou silagem de milho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da polpa cítrica peletizada como aditivo no processo de ensilagem dos capins Tanzânia e Marandu

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aprimoramento em processo para obtenção de silagem e respectivo produto

A presente invenção refere-se ao aprimoramento introduzido no processamento de plantas forrageiras, particularmente milho e sorgo, para a produção de silagem, e respectivo produto obtido. O processamento constitui-se, no mínimo, das etapas de corte (2), picagem (3) e esmagamento (4) das plantas, sendo que esta última etapa deve ocorrer com o esmagamento dos grãos. A picagem e o esmagamento dos grãos são realizados em condições que proporcionem a modificação da estrutura dos grãos e da fração volumosa da forrageira (caules e folhas). O produto assim obtido apresenta maior exposição do conteúdo celular ao ataque dos microorganismos ruminais, proporcionando um aumento do valor nutritivo da silagem.

Desempenho de novilhos de corte em pastos de capim-tanzânia sob quatro alturas de desfolha

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of four grazing heights under continuous stocking of Tanzânia grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzânia) on the stocking rate, performance and beef production per hectare. The experimental area was 12 hectares, divided into paddocks with one hectare each, with three replicates each (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm). There were three male Nellore bovines per paddock, adding animals as needed to adjust the desired heights in a completely randomized design. The stocking rate had a negative linear function of grazing heights in all seasons regarding yield per hectare, while the average daily gain showed opposite behavior. Apparently, Tanzânia grass heights between 40 and 60cm under continuous stocking enable good average daily weight gain in beef cattle, and high yield per hectare.

Características produtivas, morfogênicas e estruturais do capim Piatã submetido à adubação orgânica

The organic fertilizer can be a viable alternative in the production of forage grasses, however there is little information regarding doses and composition of the major organic fertilizers. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the different doses of organic compost produced from two types of poultry litter on the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv 'Piatã'. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme l with parcel subdivided in time. The parcels were composed by six treatments: two types of compost (poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass) in three doses (100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 equivalent N.) and the subparcels by the four different periods of cut. The composts were applied in a unique dose, after the uniformization cut, at the quantities: 11,36 and 11,83, 22,73 and 23,67, 34,09 and 35,50 g pot-1 for the poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass, respectively which are equivalent to the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 of N. The variables measured were: dry matter production (DMP), leaf appearance rate (LApR), phyllochron, leaf elongation dose (LER) and shoots elongation rate (SER), number of green leaves (NGL), final size of the leaf (FSL). No significant difference between the types of composts and in the interaction compost x doses was observed, thus, both could be used without the risk of loss in the use of the nutrients by the plants evaluated in the experiment. There was a significant difference between the DMP, LApR, phyllochron, LER, SER, NGL and FSL because of the increasing rates of nitrogen, followed by a linear model of prediction. The effect of the periods of slaughter was also observed, where the slaughters carried out in the summer presented a better performance over the morphogenetic and structural features evaluated.

Número e peso de perfilhos no pasto de capim-braquiária sob lotação contínua

The experiment was conducted to study the relationship between the number and weight of tiller categories in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk pasture managed under continuous stocking with cattle. The pasture was managed with an average height of about 25 cm. Plants of four different heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) were evaluated by means of the randomized block design with two replications. The number of vegetative tillers, both live and total, reduced linearly according to the plant height. The number of reproductive tillers increased linearly according to pasture plant height (from 8 to 84 tillers m-2 when comparing plants 10 to 40 cm high). Vegetative and reproductive tiller weight increased linearly according to pasture plant height. Vegetative tiller weight (0.316 g average) was lower than the reproductive tiller weight (0.401 g average). A linear and negative relationship was found between the number and weight of the vegetative tillers, whereas a linear and positive one was found for the reproductive tillers. There are fewer vegetative tillers, and a greater number of reproductive and dead tillers in places with tall plants. At the places with high B. decumbens plants, tillers are heavier.

Emissão de CO2, características do dossel e acúmulo de forragem em pastos de capim-pensacola sob frequências de desfolhação

The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 emission, canopy characteristics and herbage accumulation in pastures of pensacola bahiagrass under frequencies of defoliation. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. The experimental period was from May 3rd to July 26th 2012. The experimental area comprised 28 m² of pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), divided into 10 plots for allocation of treatment (frequencies of defoliation = 2 or 4 weeks). The following variables were studied: canopy height, light interception, leaf area index, herbage accumulation, tiller density, CO2 emissions, soil temperature and moisture. The frequencies of defoliation in the months of May, June and July slightly affect pensacola bahiagrass characteristics. CO2, soil temperature and moisture are more associated to environmental conditions (months of evaluation) than to the frequencies of defoliation imposed to the canopies.

Manejo do pasto de capim-marandu e suplementação com diferentes fontes de energia na recria de tourinhos Nelore

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Alturas de pastos de capim-marandu na interface solo-planta

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Desempenho técnico e econômico da produção de milho e sorgo para silagem e soja em sucessão em sistema irrigado de integração lavoura-pecuária no cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com silagem de milheto ou milho

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of dairy cows fed corn and millet silage with a 5 mm particle size without inoculant, millet silage with a 5 mm particle size with inoculant, millet silage with a 20 mm particle size without inoculant, millet silage with a 20 mm particle size with inoculant. Five cows Holstein x Gir, with approximately 100 days of lactation at the beginning of the experiment and a mean body weight of 550 kg, producing an average of 15 kg of milk per day were used. The animals were arranged in a randomized 5 x 5 Latin square. The total feeding time, rumination time, chewing time, number of alimentary bolus, rumination time for bolus and number of chews was determined. The variables that make up the feeding behavior were not affected when the cows were fed different millet silages compared with corn silage. Cows fed corn silage and millet silage of 5 mm particle size had a higher intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. A particle size between 5 and 20 mm, the presence or absence of inoculum and the type of silage with DM at 28%, does not affect the total feeding time, ruminating and resting of cows with an average production of 15.2 kg per day. The presence of the inoculant does not affect the intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. Cows fed diets containing corn silage or pearl millet silage with a 5 mm particle size fed more DM.

Demanda energética na colheita de híbridos de milho para silagem em função do estádio de maturidade e tamanho de partícula

Corn is the crop most used for making silage. The efficiency of the process should also be evaluated by cost per kg of dry matter harvested (kgDM). The objective of this study was to evaluate energy consumption in the harvest of corn hybrids for silage depending on the texture of the hybrid, four and three harvest maturities of particle sizes - Tp was used a tractor Massey Ferguson MF 610 model 86 cv. Cutting and harvesting the forage harvester is used model JF92 Z10. To obtain data on fuel consumption (CC) and time spent for each plot, we used a flow meter, installed near the fuel filter of the tractor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot. The interaction between factors triple stage hybrid * Harvest * Tp. The velocity and displacement of the tractor were different for the maturities for hybrid hard texture. The CC schedule for hybrid dent increased harvest maturity earlier and at lower Tp. Consumption was lower by kgDM later maturity, hard texture and bite respectively. The theoretical power was higher in earlier maturity and yield were higher for hybrid hard texture in the most advanced. The CC was lower in late maturity and the hybrid hard texture can be used for silage in relation to the Cc and income in later maturity in higher Tp.

Acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e variações na estrutura de pastos de capim-xaraés submetidos a intensidades de pastejo em lotação intermitente

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinaria of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year.

Massa de forragem, composição química do capim-massai e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos durante a fase de implantação do eucalipto em sistema silvipastoril

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV